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Chin KL, Teoh BT, Sam SS, Loong SK, Tan KK, Azizan NS, Lim YK, Khor CS, Nor'e SS, Abd-Jamil J, AbuBakar S. Development of a TaqMan minor groove binding probe-based quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection and quantification of Zika virus. Trop Biomed 2022; 39:518-523. [PMID: 36602210 DOI: 10.47665/tb.39.4.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has emerged as a global health concern following epidemic outbreaks of severe neurological disorders reported in Pacific and Americas since 2016. Therefore, a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic test for ZIKV infection is critical for the appropriate patient management and the control of disease spread. A TaqMan minor groove binding (MGB) probe-based quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was developed based on the conserved sequence regions of 463 ZIKV NS2B genes. The designed ZIKV qRT-PCR assay was evaluated for its detection limit, strain coverage and cross-reactivity. We further assessed the clinical applicability of qRT-PCR assay for ZIKV RNA detection using a total 18 simulated clinical specimens. The detection limit of the qRT-PCR assay was 11.276 ZIKV RNA copies at the 95% probability level (probit analysis, p<= 0.05). Both Asian and African ZIKV strains were detected by the qRT-PCR assay without cross-reacting with DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4, CHIKV, JEV, LGTV, GETV and SINV. The qRT-PCR assay demonstrated a perfect agreement (k = 1.000, P < 0.001) with the reference assay; the sensitivity and specificity of the qRT-PCR assay were 100% (95% CI= 79.6-100) and 100% (95% CI= 43.9-100) respectively. The qRT-PCR assay developed in this study is a useful diagnostic tool for the broad coverage detection and quantification of both the Asian and African ZIKV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Chin
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - B T Teoh
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S S Sam
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S K Loong
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K K Tan
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N S Azizan
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y K Lim
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C S Khor
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S S Nor'e
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Abd-Jamil
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ofori-Asenso R, Ilomaki J, Chin KL, Mazidi M, Zomer E, Bell JS, Magliano DJ, Liew D. Dynamics of switching, adherence, and persistence of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors use: A nationwide cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 158:107909. [PMID: 31697992 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterise the patterns of switching, adherence, and persistence among adults aged ≥18 years with diabetes prescribed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) in Australia. METHODS The analysis included 15,915 adults newly prescribed DPP-4is (sitagliptin = 9576; vildagliptin = 1130; saxagliptin = 1126; linagliptin = 3560; and alogliptin = 523). Multivariable logistic regression model was used to compare the non-adherence (proportion of days covered [PDC] <0.80) rates whereas Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare switching and non-persistence (≥90-day gap) among different DPP4-is over 12-months. RESULTS Overall, 36.0% (5722/15,915) of DPP-4i users were non-adherent and 30.0% (4775/15,915) were non-persistent at 12-months. Compared to sitagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin were not associated with higher non-adherence and non-persistence. However, saxagliptin was associated with a higher likelihood of being non-adherent (odds ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-1.60) or non-persistent (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.15-1.42) compared to sitagliptin. Just 3.2% of people switched between different DPP-4is. Compared to sitagliptin, people initiated on vildagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin, and linagliptin were more likely to switch. CONCLUSIONS We found no significant differences in the adherence and persistence rates between alogliptin, vildagliptin or linagliptin and sitagliptin. However, saxagliptin was associated with higher non-adherence and non-persistence compared to sitagliptin. Switching was lowest amongst users of sitagliptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ofori-Asenso
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Copenhagen Centre for Regulatory Science (CORS), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jenni Ilomaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - K L Chin
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Medical School, The University of University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ella Zomer
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - J S Bell
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | | | - Danny Liew
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Khoo PS, Chin KL, H'ng PS, Bakar ES, Lee CL, Go WZ, Dahali R. Physical properties and bonding quality of laminated veneer lumber produced with veneers peeled from small-diameter rubberwood logs. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:191763. [PMID: 31903217 PMCID: PMC6936297 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The peeling of small-diameter rubberwood logs from the current short-rotation practices undoubtedly will produce lower grade veneers compared to the veneers from conventional planting rotation. Hence, this raises the question of the properties of the produced laminated veneer lumber (LVL) from veneers peeled from small-diameter rubberwood logs using the spindleless lathe technology. Different thicknesses of rubberwood veneers was peeled from rubberwood logs with diameter less than 20 cm using a spindleless lathe. Three-layer LVLs were prepared using phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive and hot pressed at different temperatures. During the peeling of veneer, lathe checks as deep as 30-60% of the veneer thickness are formed. Owing to deeper lathe check on 3 mm rubberwood veneer, higher pressing temperature significantly increased the gluebond shear strength of the PF-bonded LVL. In addition, lathe check frequency was also shown to influence the bond strength. The presence of higher lathe check frequency on 2 mm veneer increased the wettability, thus facilitating optimum penetration of adhesive for stronger bonding. These findings stress the importance of measuring and considering the lathe check depth and frequency during the lamination process to get a better understanding of bonding quality in veneer-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. S. Khoo
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K. L. Chin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P. S. H'ng
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E. S. Bakar
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C. L. Lee
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W. Z. Go
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R. Dahali
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sarmiento ME, Alvarez N, Chin KL, Bigi F, Tirado Y, García MA, Anis FZ, Norazmi MN, Acosta A. Tuberculosis vaccine candidates based on mycobacterial cell envelope components. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 115:26-41. [PMID: 30948174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Even after decades searching for a new and more effective vaccine against tuberculosis, the scientific community is still pursuing this goal due to the complexity of its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb is a microorganism with a robust variety of survival mechanisms that allow it to remain in the host for years. The structure and nature of the Mtb envelope play a leading role in its resistance and survival. Mtb has a perfect machinery that allows it to modulate the immune response in its favor and to adapt to the host's environmental conditions in order to remain alive until the moment to reactivate its normal growing state. Mtb cell envelope protein, carbohydrate and lipid components have been the subject of interest for developing new vaccines because most of them are responsible for the pathogenicity and virulence of the bacteria. Many indirect evidences, mainly derived from the use of monoclonal antibodies, support the potential protective role of Mtb envelope components. Subunit and DNA vaccines, lipid extracts, liposomes and membrane vesicle formulations are some examples of technologies used, with encouraging results, to evaluate the potential of these antigens in the protective response against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences (PPSK), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - N Alvarez
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - K L Chin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FPSK), Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Sabah, Malaysia
| | - F Bigi
- Institute of Biotechnology, INTA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Y Tirado
- Finlay Institute of Vaccines, La Habana, Cuba
| | - M A García
- Finlay Institute of Vaccines, La Habana, Cuba
| | - F Z Anis
- School of Health Sciences (PPSK), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - M N Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences (PPSK), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - A Acosta
- School of Health Sciences (PPSK), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Wong WZ, H'ng PS, Chin KL, Sajap AS, Tan GH, Paridah MT, Othman S, Chai EW, Go WZ. Preferential Use of Carbon Sources in Culturable Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria of Coptotermes curvignathus's (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Gut and Its Foraging Area. Environ Entomol 2015; 44:1367-1374. [PMID: 26314017 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The lower termite, Coptotermes curvignathus, is one of the most prominent plantation pests that feed upon, digest, and receive nourishment from exclusive lignocellulose diets. The objective of this study was to examine the utilization of sole carbon sources by isolated culturable aerobic bacteria among communities from the gut and foraging pathway of C. curvignathus. We study the bacteria occurrence from the gut of C. curvignathus and its surrounding feeding area by comparing the obtained phenotypic fingerprint with Biolog's extensive species library. A total of 24 bacteria have been identified mainly from the family Enterobacteriaceae from the identification of Biolog Gen III. Overall, the bacteria species in the termite gut differ from those of foraging pathway within a location, except Acintobacter baumannii, which was the only bacteria species found in both habitats. Although termites from a different study area do not have the same species of bacteria in the gut, they do have a bacterial community with similar role in degrading certain carbon sources. Sugars were preferential in termite gut isolates, while nitrogen carbon sources were preferential in foraging pathway isolates. The preferential use of specific carbon sources by these two bacterial communities reflects the role of bacteria for regulation of carbon metabolism in the termite gut and foraging pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Z Wong
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P S H'ng
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - K L Chin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Said Sajap
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - G H Tan
- Faculty of Agricultural, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M T Paridah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soni Othman
- Crop Improvement and Protection Unit (UPPT), Rubber Research Institute, Malaysian Rubber Board, 47000 Sg. Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E W Chai
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W Z Go
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wong LJ, H'ng PS, Wong SY, Lee SH, Lum WC, Chai EW, Wong WZ, Chin KL. Termite digestomes as a potential source of symbiotic microbiota for lignocelluloses degradation: a review. Pak J Biol Sci 2015; 17:956-63. [PMID: 26031014 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.956.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Termites thrive in great abundance in terrestrial ecosystems and the symbiotic gut microbiota play important roles in digestion of lignocelluloses and nitrogen metabolism. Termites are excellent models of biocatalysts as they inhabit dense microbes in their guts that produce digestive enzymes to decompose lignocelluloses and convert it to end products such as sugars, hydrogen, and acetate. Different of digestive system between lower and higher termites which lower termites dependent on their dual decomposing system, consisting of termite's own cellulases and gut's protists. Higher termites decompose cellulose using their own enzymes, because of the absence of symbiotic protists. Termite gut prokaryotes efficiently support lignocelluloses degradation. In this review, a brief overview of recent experimental works, development and commercialization is discussed. Significant progress has been made to isolate cellulolytic strains from termites and optimise the digestion efficiency of cellulose. Future perspective should emphasize the isolation of cellulolytic strains from termites, genetically modifying or immobilization of the microbes which produce the desired enzyme and thus benefits on the microbiology and biotechnology.
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Chai EW, H'ng PS, Peng SH, Wan-Azha WM, Chin KL, Chow MJ, Wong WZ. Compost feedstock characteristics and ratio modelling for organic waste materials co-composting in Malaysia. Environ Technol 2013; 34:2859-2866. [PMID: 24527651 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.795988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In Malaysia, large amounts of organic materials, which lead to disposal problems, are generated from agricultural residues especially from palm oil industries. Increasing landfill costs and regulations, which limit many types of waste accepted at landfills, have increased the interest in composting as a component of waste management. The objectives of this study were to characterize compost feedstock properties of common organic waste materials available in Malaysia. Thus, a ratio modelling of matching ingredients for empty fruit bunches (EFBs) co-composting using different organic materials in Malaysia was done. Organic waste materials with a C/N ratio of < 30 can be applied as a nitrogen source in EFB co-composting. The outcome of this study suggested that the percentage of EFB ranged between 50% and 60%, which is considered as the ideal mixing ratio in EFB co-composting. Conclusively, EFB can be utilized in composting if appropriate feedstock in term of physical and chemical characteristics is coordinated in the co-composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Chai
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P S H'ng
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S H Peng
- All Cosmos Industries Sdn Bhd, PLO 539 Jalan Keluli, Pasir Gudang Industrial Estate, 81700 Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia
| | - W M Wan-Azha
- All Cosmos Industries Sdn Bhd, PLO 539 Jalan Keluli, Pasir Gudang Industrial Estate, 81700 Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia
| | - K L Chin
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M J Chow
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W Z Wong
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chin KL, H'ng PS, Wong LJ, Tey BT, Paridah MT. Optimization study of ethanolic fermentation from oil palm trunk, rubberwood and mixed hardwood hydrolysates using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:3287-3291. [PMID: 20056407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Revised: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ethanolic fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae was carried out on three types of hydrolysates produced from lignocelulosic biomass which are commonly found in Malaysia such as oil palm trunk, rubberwood and mixed hardwood. The effect of fermentation temperature and pH of hydrolysate was evaluated to optimize the fermentation efficiency which defined as maximum ethanol yield in minimum fermentation time. The fermentation process using different temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, 30 degrees Celsius and 40 degrees Celsius were performed on the prepared fermentation medium adjusted to pH 4, pH 6 and pH 7, respectively. Results showed that the fermentation time was significantly reduced with the increase of temperature but an adverse reduction in ethanol yield was observed using temperature of 40 degrees Celsius. As the pH of hydrolysate became more acidic, the ethanol yield increased. Optimum fermentation efficiency for ethanolic fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates using S. cerevisiae can be obtained using 33.2 degrees Celsius and pH 5.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Chin
- Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Abstract
1. Phosphine progressively converts oxyhaemoglobin to methaemoglobin and hemichrome species, with the product formed being time- and concentration-dependent. 2. The reaction of phosphine with oxyhaemoglobin leads to the formation of phosphite and phosphate. 3. Incubation of rat erythrocytes with various concentrations of phosphine results in the progressive uptake of phosphine by the erythrocytes in a temperature-dependent first-order process. 4. Uptake of phosphine by erythrocytes causes crenation, but conversion of oxyhaemoglobin to methaemoglobin and hemichrome could not be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Abstract
Based upon the patient files (N = 132) maintained by the Chinatown Alcoholism Services (CAS), interviews with CAS staff, and the clinical experience of the authors with Chinese alcoholics, this paper describes the social contexts of alcoholism among a group of working-class Chinese males in New York City. It focuses on the relationship between social adjustment and drinking behaviors, and analyzes the meaning of alcohol use and abuse within the ethnic community. The paper also examines the role of significant others in the alcoholics' drinking and help-seeking behaviors. Finally, treatment and research issues pertaining to alcoholism among the Chinese are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Chin
- New York City Criminal Justice Agency, NY 10007
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Hankins WD, Chin KL, Dons R, Sigounas G. Erythropoietin-dependent and erythropoietin-producing cell lines. Implications for research and for leukemia therapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1989; 554:21-8. [PMID: 2660672 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb22405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W D Hankins
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, NMC-NCR, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
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