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Knudsen K, Flensborg Damholdt M, Mouridsen K, Borghammer P. Olfactory function in Parkinson's Disease - effects of training. Acta Neurol Scand 2015; 132:395-400. [PMID: 25846906 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 90% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) exhibit olfactory dysfunction, but little is known about the effects of olfactory training. The study aim was to investigate whether the ability to identify olfactory stimuli can be improved by means of a brief training session. Furthermore, the impact of hyposmia on quality of life in PD was investigated by means of a questionnaire. METHODS Olfactory function was rated in 34 patients with PD and in 26 controls before and after a training session. An additional 20 patients with PD served as a control group and were tested twice without an intervening training session. Long-term effects were evaluated in a small subset of patients. Cognitive tests and DaT SPECT scans were performed. RESULTS We demonstrated significant same-day and long-term training effects in trained PD patients compared with non-trained PD patients. A slightly significant correlation was seen between the training effect and DaT putamen values, but not with cognitive test scores. Furthermore, patients with PD reported that hyposmia significantly decreased their quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PD improved the number of correctly identified odors in an olfactory test through a brief training session. Olfactory training may have potential in rehabilitation of patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Knudsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - M. Flensborg Damholdt
- Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology; Department of Oncology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - K. Mouridsen
- Centre of Functional Integrative Neuroscience; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - P. Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
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Østergaard L, Granfeldt A, Secher N, Tietze A, Iversen NK, Jensen MS, Andersen KK, Nagenthiraja K, Gutiérrez‐Lizardi P, Mouridsen K, Jespersen SN, Tønnesen EK. Microcirculatory dysfunction and tissue oxygenation in critical illness. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2015; 59:1246-59. [PMID: 26149711 PMCID: PMC4758388 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Severe sepsis is defined by organ failure, often of the kidneys, heart, and brain. It has been proposed that inadequate delivery of oxygen, or insufficient extraction of oxygen in tissue, may explain organ failure. Despite adequate maintenance of systemic oxygen delivery in septic patients, their morbidity and mortality remain high. The assumption that tissue oxygenation can be preserved by maintaining its blood supply follows from physiological models that only apply to tissue with uniformly perfused capillaries. In sepsis, the microcirculation is profoundly disturbed, and the blood supply of individual organs may therefore no longer reflect their access to oxygen. We review how capillary flow patterns affect oxygen extraction efficacy in tissue, and how the regulation of tissue blood flow must be adjusted to meet the metabolic needs of the tissue as capillary flows become disturbed as observed in critical illness. Using the brain, heart, and kidney as examples, we discuss whether disturbed capillary flow patterns might explain the apparent mismatch between organ blood flow and organ function in sepsis. Finally, we discuss diagnostic means of detecting capillary flow disturbance in animal models and in critically ill patients, and address therapeutic strategies that might improve tissue oxygenation by modifying capillary flow patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Østergaard
- Department of Neuroradiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - A. Granfeldt
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - N. Secher
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - A. Tietze
- Department of Neuroradiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - N. K. Iversen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - M. S. Jensen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - K. K. Andersen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - K. Nagenthiraja
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - P. Gutiérrez‐Lizardi
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Monterrey Monterrey Mexico
- Critical Care College of Nuevo León Monterrey Mexico
| | - K. Mouridsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - S. N. Jespersen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - E. K. Tønnesen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
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Hougaard KD, Hjort N, Zeidler D, Sørensen L, Nørgaard A, Thomsen RB, Jonsdottir K, Mouridsen K, Hansen TM, Cho TH, Nielsen TT, Bøtker HE, Østergaard L, Andersen G. Remote Ischemic Perconditioning in Thrombolysed Stroke Patients: Randomized Study of Activating Endogenous Neuroprotection – Design and MRI Measurements. Int J Stroke 2012; 8:141-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Intravenous administration of alteplase is the only approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Despite the effectiveness of this treatment, 50% of patients suffer chronic neurological disability, which may in part be caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury. Remote ischemic perconditioning, performed as a transient ischemic stimulus by blood-pressure cuff inflation to an extremity, has proven effective in attenuating ischemia-reperfusion injury in animal models of stroke. Remote ischemic perconditioning increases myocardial salvage in patients undergoing acute revascularization for acute myocardial infarction. To clarify whether a similar benefit can be obtained in patients undergoing thrombolysis for acute stroke, we included patients from June 2009 to January 2011. Aim and design The aims of the study are: to estimate the effect of remote ischemic perconditioning as adjunctive therapy to intravenous alteplase of acute ischemic stroke within the 4½-h time window and to investigate the feasibility of remote ischemic perconditioning performed during transport to hospital in patients displaying symptoms of acute stroke. Patients are randomized to remote ischemic perconditioning in a single-blinded fashion during transportation to hospital. Only patients with magnetic resonance imaging-proven ischemic stroke, who subsequently are treated with intravenous alteplase, and in selected cases additional endovascular treatment, are finally included in the study. Study outcomes Primary end-point is penumbral salvage. Penumbra is defined as hypoperfused yet viable tissue identified as the mismatch between perfusion-weighted imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging lesion on magnetic resonance imaging scans. Primary outcome is a mismatch volume not progressing to infarction on one-month follow-up T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery. Secondary end-points include: infarct growth (expansion of the diffusion-weighted imaging lesion) from baseline to the 24-h and one-month follow-up examination. Infarct growth inside and outside the acute perfusion-weighted imaging–diffusion-weighted imaging mismatch zone is quantified by use of coregistration. Clinical outcome after three-months. The influence of physical activity (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly score) on effect of remote ischemic perconditioning. Feasibility of remote ischemic perconditioning in acute stroke patients. Summary This phase 3 trial is the first study in patients with acute ischemic stroke to evaluate the effect size of remote ischemic perconditioning as a pretreatment to intravenous alteplase, measured as penumbral salvage on multimodal magnetic resonance imaging and clinical outcome after three-months follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. D. Hougaard
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University/Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N. Hjort
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University/Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - D. Zeidler
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University/Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L. Sørensen
- Department of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A. Nørgaard
- Department of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - R. B. Thomsen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K. Jonsdottir
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University/Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K. Mouridsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University/Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T. M. Hansen
- Mobil Emergency Care Unit Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T-H. Cho
- Stroke Department, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - T. T. Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Skejby, Denmark
| | - H. E. Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Skejby, Denmark
| | - L. Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University/Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - G. Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Plotkin SR, Jennings D, Mouridsen K, Emblem KE, Sorensen AG. Vascular hemodynamic profiles of vestibular schwannomas and glioblastoma using MRI. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Vuust P, Roepstorff A, Wallentin M, Mouridsen K, Østergaard L. It don't mean a thing…. Neuroimage 2006; 31:832-41. [PMID: 16516496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Music is experienced and understood on the basis of foreground/background relationships created between actual music and the underlying meter. In contemporary styles of music so-called polyrhythmic, structures hence create tension between a counter pulse and the main pulse. This exerts a marked influence on the listener, particularly when the experience of the original meter is maintained during the counter pulse. We here demonstrate that Brodmann area 47, an area associated with higher processing of language, is activated bilaterally when musicians tap the main pulse in a polymetric context where the music emphasizes a counter meter. This suggests that the processing of metric elements of music relies on brain areas also involved in language comprehension. We propose that BA47 is involved in general neuronal processing of temporal coherence subserving both language and music.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vuust
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
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