Fusion neutron detector for time-of-flight measurements in z-pinch and plasma focus experiments

We have developed and tested sensitive neutron detectors for neutron time-of-flight measurements in z-pinch and plasma focus experiments with neutron emission times in tens of nanoseconds and with neutron yields between 10(6) and 10(12) per one shot. The neutron detectors are composed of a BC-408 fast plastic scintillator and Hamamatsu H1949-51 photomultiplier tube (PMT). During the calibration procedure, a PMT delay was determined for various operating voltages. The temporal resolution of the neutron detector was measured for the most commonly used PMT voltage of 1.4 kV. At the PF-1000 plasma focus, a novel method of the acquisition of a pulse height distribution has been used. This pulse height analysis enabled to determine the single neutron sensitivity for various neutron energies and to calibrate the neutron detector for absolute neutron yields at about 2.45 MeV.

[Health-related behavior and coping with problems by adolescents in relation to social change in new unified Germany]

Young people in East Germany are faced with problems specific to their development which are added to through adjusting to conditions caused by transformation. Psychosocial pressure, attitudes to personal health and resources to problem solving in interaction with each other form a significant part of young people's lives. They shall be represented in selected conclusions below. In a questionnaire of 1764 young people themes to relating attitudes to personal health, psychosocial pressure as well as personal problem solving were raised. A main concern of social change raised by parents' new employment situation hasn't led to any negative attitudes to personal health nor to social pressure which surpasses the results of other investigations. At the time of investigation (1993) young people have coped altogether well with the social changes.

Ethical issues in purchasing: a field study of Midwest hospitals

A large sum of money is spent annually by salespeople on gifts and favors for purchasing executives. The provision of gifts and favors to buyers remains a common practice despite the fact that it often leads to ethical conflicts for purchasing executives, sales managers, and salespeople. This paper investigates the perceptions of 51 purchasing executives of midwest hospitals regarding their behavior towards certain buying practices, the favors offered by vendors, favors actually accepted, as well as purchasers' discomfort and repayment levels regarding indebtedness. Based on the data analysis, this paper provides conclusions and directions for future research.