Elektronenbeugungsbestimmung der Molekülstruktur von 4-Fluor-2′,4′,6′ -trimethylbiphenyl / Molecular Structure of 4-Fluoro-2′,4′,6′-trimethylbiphenyl Determined by Electron Diffraction

The molecular structure of gaseous 4-fluoro-2′,4′,6′-trimethylbiphenyl was determined by electron diffraction. The average of two independend determinations leads to the following parameters for the structure:

CC(ring) = 1.398(1),CC(methyl) = 1.522(5), CH(ring) = 1.082(6), CH(methyl) = CH(ring) + 0.015 = 1.097(6), CF = 1.324(7), Cl-Cl′ = 1.488(9) (inter ring bond), ∢(C,C,H) = 109.9(1.8)° (angle of methylgroup tetrahedra), α = 124.9(0.6)° (angle of ortho-methyl-groups towards the inter ring bond), φ = 77.5(2.1)° (angle of torsion between the planes of the two phenyl rings) which are in good agreement with respect to known structural data on biphenylderivatives. A very interesting result is the angle of torsion with 77.5° which is by 6.5° smaller than the value of 84(1)° determined by X-ray crystallography for the corresponding 4-iodo-compound in the crystalline state1. In all determinations known to us til now for comparable derivatives of biphenyl the angle of torsion was found larger in the gaseous state than in the crystalline state.

The reality of multiple casualty triage: putting triage theory into practice at the scene of multiple casualty vehicular accidents

OBJECTIVES

The project investigated the experiences of ambulance paramedics in applying the principles and protocols of prehospital multiple casualty triage at the scene of motor vehicle accidents. Key objectives included investigation of the situational cues and other contextual factors influencing triage practice and the development of recommendations for the future education of ambulance paramedics.

METHODS

A triangulated approach was used incorporating demographic data, the use of focus groups and in-depth interviews. A thematic analysis was undertaken following the well established practices of human science research.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

The research describes an extended and broadened triage process returning to a more authentic definition of triage as the practice of sorting of casualties to determine priority. The findings highlight the need to consider triage as an extended and complex process that incorporates evidence based physiological cues to assist decision making and the management of the process of triage from call out to conclusion including assessment of contextual and situational variables.

Nurses as patients: the voyage of discovery

To facilitate an enhanced understanding of the experience of being a patient, an inquiry was undertaken into the experience of nurses receiving nursing care when hospitalized. Using a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach, an exploration was undertaken of registered nurses' interpretations of their experiences of receiving nursing care, as described in their individual stories. By interpreting the text generated by the inquiry, it was possible to explore the uniqueness and commonalities of these experiences. This resulted in 10 themes that exemplified the nurses' experiences. The interpretation uncovered the voice of the nurse in the experience of being a patient, insight into how patients perceive being a patient and reflections by the nurse patients on quality nursing care. This research has provided insight into the value of the relationship between the nurse and the patient and insight into the significance of the nature of care delivery.