Linking chronic periodontitis and oral cancer: A review

The aim of this article is to survey the accessible writing on the pathogenetic systems engaged with the relationship between oral malignancy and periodontitis. Gingival tissue contains multiple microbiota, which can induce inflammatory reactions. This reaction plays a crucial role in assessing the susceptibility of patients to periodontal diseases. The link between chronic periodontitis and the risk of malignancy through this inflammation of the affected epithelium have been studied thoroughly. Many studies have reported that, chronic periodontitis has systemic influence which has high risk of developing different types of cancers. Also, various confounding factors such as consumption of alcohol, smoking, diet, age and gender have been found to be associated with both chronic periodontitis and oral cancer. An online quest for a wide range of articles distributed was started utilizing MEDLINE/PubMed, with the keywords, for example, 'oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)', 'oral microbiota,' 'microorganisms and malignancy and Porphyromonas gingivalis. This review aimed to study the current literature linking chronic periodontitis and oral cancer.

Esthetic lip repositioning: A cosmetic approach for correction of gummy smile - A case series

Gummy smile has been a prevalent esthetic disorder commonly affecting younger individuals due to various causes such as skeletal, dento-alveolar, or soft-tissue origin. It can be due to jaw deformities, altered passive eruption, or tooth malpositioning. Usually, the corrective measures incorporate orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment. Orthognathic surgery results in significant morbidity and hospitalization. Lip repositioning can be employed as an alternative cosmetic treatment modality for the correction of an excessive gingival display with minimal risk or side effects. Although there are many articles existing in the literature on this topic, a series of three cases is unique in demonstrating the esthetic smile enhancement in an orthodontic patient and also a combination of lip-repositioning technique and laser-assisted crown lengthening in vertical maxillary excess cases. This case series also showed the predictability of lip-repositioning technique with a follow-up of 2 years.

Serial quantification of CRP and total leukocyte count as a complementary tool in neonatal sepsis

Early detection and appropriate treatment of newborn sepsis reduce mortality and morbidity. A rapid, inexpensive laboratory approach is needed to assess newborn sepsis, even though blood culture is the gold standard for diagnosis. To compare serial CRP and Total Leukocyte Count (WBC) with blood culture, this study aimed to evaluate the role of newborn sepsis. A total 148 neonates with clinical symptoms of sepsis were included .CRP was measured by quantitative immuno turbidimetric method andotal leukocyte count (WBC) was measured by automated cell counter. CRP1 and WBC1 were measured within 6 hours of clinical symptoms. CRP2 and WBC2 were measured after 48 hours of clinical symptoms. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of CRP1 and CRP2,WBC 1and WBC 2 were compared with culture positive and negative sepsis.CRP 2 showed high sensitivity 96% and high NPV95% with significant p value <0.0001. WBC2 has high sensitivity (90.57%) and NPV (91%) with significant p value <0.0001. CRP 1 has sensitivity 83%and NPV 82.3%, with p value < 0.001.WBC1 has lowest sensitivity (62.2%) and NPV (71.4%) compared to all other parameters. Serial CRP and WBC measurements are useful in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Measurement of CRP and Total Leukocyte Count (WBC) after 48 hours of clinical symptoms were considered promptly for diagnose neonatal sepsis.

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration Assay of Tridax procumbens Stem Extract-Based Chitosan Gel against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Introduction

Tridax procumbens has long been used as an insect deterrent, anticoagulant, and for the healing of wounds. In some areas of India, traditional healers also employ T. procumbens to treat injuries, blisters, and boils. A widespread rod-shaped, gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacteria called Pseudomonas aeruginosa can infect both plants and animals, including humans. It can be found in a variety of infections, particularly those that have a tendency to become chronic such as gingivitis and periodontitis. This study aims to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay of T. procumbens stem extract-based chitosan gel against P. aeruginosa.

Materials and Methods

The extract was produced from powdered T. procumbens stem part. To create the wound-healing gel, medium molecular weight chitosan was added to the T. procumbens stem extract to form a homogenous gel. Time-kill assay was conducted to determine the time-kill kinetics of the T. procumbens stem extract-based chitosan gel against P. aeruginosa.

Results

The absorbance values decreased progressively over time at all concentrations (25 μL, 50 μL, and 100 μL) showing its inhibitory effect. With the increase in concentration, the inhibitory effect of T. procumbens stem extract-based chitosan gel against P. aeruginosa also increased.

Conclusion

T. procumbens stem extract-based chitosan gel has revealed potent antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and therefore the gel can be applied for efficient wound healing.

Comparative evaluation of titanium-prepared platelet-rich fibrin with and without herbal extract: A histological study

Background/Aim. Injecting herbal extract into platelet concentrates is one of the newer treatment protocols, which enables platelet concentrates to act as sustained drug delivery (DD) systems. Histological analysis of titanium-prepared platelet-rich fibrin (T-PRF) injected with herbal extract, could help assess the appearance (pattern) and structural changes of T-PRF. The aim of the study was to evaluate the appearance of the fibrin network, cellularity, and fibrin border area of T-PRF alone and T-PRF injected with herbal extract. Methods. A total of 40 histological slides were prepared from 10 mL of blood from each patient, 20 with T-PRF alone and 20 with T-PRF+herbal extract. The slides were divided into a group consisting of T-PRF injected with neem gel (test group) and a group consisting of T-PRF alone (control group). The preparation protocol was made according to Bank-roft?s manual adapted for light microscopy. Results. Regarding the fibrin network features (dense vs. loose), no statistical significance was found among the studied groups (p = 0.172). A statistically significant difference was shown in the packeting (p = 0.018) and layered (p = 0.028) patterns of the fibrin network, and there was no statistically significant difference in the scattered (p = 0.749) pattern among the examined groups. Cellularity and cell pattern values were not statistically significantly different for both groups (p = 1.00, p = 0.3111, respectively). Moreover, the values determined for red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets were not statistically significantly different (p = 0.147), as well as for the fibrin border area between cells and meshwork (p = 0.206). Conclusion. The obtained results could be useful for the development of a new treatment strategy in dentistry, by utilizing T-PRF with incorporated herbal extracts or antibiotics, as a local sustained DD system.

Herbal-Based Green Synthesis of TB-ZnO-TiO(II) Nanoparticles Composite From Terminalia bellirica: Characterization, Toxicity Assay, Antioxidant Assay, and Antimicrobial Activity

Background Terminalia bellirica leaf extract was used as an herbal to get an aqueous extract of Tb-ZnO-TiO2 (zinc and titanium dioxide) nanoparticles composite, and this was subsequently subjected to an analysis of its antioxidant properties and possible antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Employing the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and hydrogen peroxide assay techniques for antioxidant properties. In addition to their biocompatibility, rapid biodegradability, and low toxicity, herbal-based nanoparticles (Tb-ZnO-TiO2 NPs composite) synthesized by T. bellirica have drawn a lot of interest as promising options for administering drugs and effective antimicrobial applications. Materials and methods The form and dimensions of the dispersion of the synthesized nanoparticles were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and UV-visible for particle characterization. Nanoparticles were analyzed for antimicrobial activity using the well diffusion method. Ascorbic acid and vitamin E were used as two separate controls for antioxidant assay with different concentrations, and also toxicity assay was done by using zebrafish embryos. Results Tb-ZnO-TiO2 NPs composite were obtained as a powder, the X-beam diffraction (XRD) result revealed a small quantity of impurities and revealed that the structure was spherical in nature. A unique absorption peak for Tb-ZnO-TiO2 NPs composite may be seen in UV-Vis spectroscopy which is in the region of 260 to 320 nm. The Tb-ZnO-TiO2 NPs composite antibacterial efficacy was evaluated and showed noted antibacterial activity and free radical scavenging activity with less toxicity. Conclusion The results demonstrated the Tb-ZnO-TiO2 NPs composite has strong antioxidant qualities and enormous antibacterial activity obtained from T. bellirica extract. Therefore, the Tb-ZnO-TiO2 NPs composite synthesized nanoparticles can be used in biomedical applications as an effective antioxidant and antibacterial reagent.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Tridax Procumbens Leaves-Based Chitosan Gel

Introduction

Tridax procumbens (TP) has been used as an anticoagulant and wound healer. Known by other names as Tridax daisy or coatbuttons, TP belongs to flowering plant species of Asteraceae family. The current study is conducted to analyze the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of TP leaves extract-based chitosan (TPC) gel.

Materials and Methods

Anti-inflammatory activity of TPC gel was assessed by bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation assay and egg albumin (EA) denaturation assay. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging (H2O2) assay.

Results

Both BSA and EA assay showed that the TPC gel (test gel) demonstrated maximum inhibition at 50 μL concentration and lowest inhibition at 10 μL similar to commercially available gel. The antioxidant activity assays revealed that both standard and the test gel exhibited high inhibitory percentage at all tested concentrations.

Conclusion

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant assay results demonstrate that the investigated compounds, notably TP leaves extract-based chitosan gel, have the potential to be effective agents in moderating oxidative stress and lowering inflammation.

Computational Evaluation of Tridax Procumbens Phytoconstituents in Wound Healing Process

Wound healing is a multicellular and complicated process that strives to restore the skin's barrier function. Different cell types, including keratinocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts collaborate for the process to complete. Tridax procumbens is a very important natural plant that is commonly found in the tropical region and has a wide range of pharmacological actions. In the present study the molecular docking was used to identify the activity of four compounds from T. procumbens to the selected receptor. The goal of this work was to anticipate the capacity of four T. procumbens compounds to interact with IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. Pyrx was used to run docking simulations for these compounds. Results of this study showed that all the four compounds showed interaction with selected target proteins. Among the four compounds, Tannic acid showed excellent binding and hydrogen bond interaction with all the selected target proteins. The results showed that T. procumbens compounds are effective anti-inflammatory agents. However, further research is required to validate the action of these molecules.

Development and characterization of novel magnesium oxide nanoparticle-impregnated chitosan-based guided tissue regeneration membrane - An in vitro study

Introduction

Although a lot of commercially available guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes are used, none of them could actually ensure complete bone regeneration so far and they also have certain limitations. This study aims to explore further and develop a membrane that might overcome these limitations and aid in bone regeneration for the treatment of bony defects.

Materials and Methods

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) were prepared from magnesium nitrate prepared by calcination at different temperatures and dried using filter paper under specific temperature. Later, 0.3 ml of 0.2 M 1% acetic acid was added to water and placed in the stirrer for at least 1 h. Chitosan (CS) (2%) of two different concentrations containing 0.588 g and 0.576 g of CS, respectively, was prepared and added to the previous mixture. To these concentrations, the prepared MgONPs were added and stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 1 h. Later, it was cast in the mold and dried. The prepared membrane was immersed in 1 M sodium hydroxide to neutralize acetic acid. After preparation, they were subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and contact angle test.

Results

In SEM analysis, spherical in size, uniformly dense, and porous agglomeration was noticed. EDAX and FTIR revealed the formation of MgONPs (magnesium oxide) in the membrane. The average contact angles of the CS with MgONPs and control membranes were 85.48° and 80.80°, respectively. Degradation analysis showed that test membrane showed a slower degradation rate than control collagen membrane at the end of the 28th day.

Conclusion

On comparing membranes with pure CS, membranes with nanoparticles, and control collagen membranes, the membrane incorporated with nanoparticles showed more favorable positive outcomes.