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Brlík V, Pakanen VM, Jaakkonen T, Arppe H, Jokinen J, Lakka J, Blomqvist D, Hahn S, Valkama J, Koivula K. Survival fluctuation is linked to precipitation variation during staging in a migratory shorebird. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19830. [PMID: 36400908 PMCID: PMC9674593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how weather conditions affect animal populations is essential to foresee population changes in times of global climate shifts. However, assessing year-round weather impacts on demographic parameters is hampered in migratory animals due to often unknown occurrence in space and time. We addressed this by coupling tracking and weather data to explain extensive variation in apparent survival across 19 years in a northern European population of little ringed plovers (Charadrius dubius). Over 90% (n = 21) of tracked individuals followed migration routes along the Indo-European flyway to south India. Building on capture-recapture histories of nearly 1400 individuals, we found that between-year variation in precipitation during post-breeding staging in northern South Asia explained 47% of variation in apparent adult survival. Overall, the intensity of the monsoon in South Asia explained 31-33% of variability in apparent survival. In contrast, weather conditions in breeding, final non-breeding and pre-breeding quarters appeared less important in this species. The integration of multi-source data seems essential for identifying key regions and periods limiting population growth, for forecasting future changes and targeting conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Brlík
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Ecology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.448077.80000 0000 9663 9052Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veli-Matti Pakanen
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ,grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tuomo Jaakkonen
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ,grid.444812.f0000 0004 5936 4802Vietnam-Finland International School, Ton Duc Thang University, 01, D1 Street, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Jaakko Jokinen
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Lakka
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box-111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Donald Blomqvist
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Steffen Hahn
- grid.419767.a0000 0001 1512 3677Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Jari Valkama
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Koivula
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Pakanen VM, Tornberg R, Airaksinen E, Rönkä N, Koivula K. The abundance of small mammals is positively linked to survival from nest depredation but negatively linked to local recruitment of a ground nesting precocial bird. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9292. [PMID: 36110877 PMCID: PMC9465198 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalist predators using small mammals as their primary prey are suggested to shift hunting alternative prey such as bird nests, when small mammals are in short supply (the alternative prey hypothesis, APH). Nest survival and survival of young individuals should be positively linked to small mammal abundance and negatively linked to predator abundance, but little information exists from survival of chicks, especially until recruitment. We test these predictions of the APH using 13 years (2002–2014) of life history data from a ground nesting shorebird breeding on coastal meadows. We use small mammal abundance in the previous autumn as a proxy for spring predator abundance, mainly of mammalian predators. We examine whether small mammal abundance in the spring and previous autumn explain annual variation in nest survival from depredation and local recruitment of the southern dunlin Calidris alpina schinzii. As predicted by the APH, survival from nest predation was positively linked to spring small mammal abundance and negatively linked to autumn small mammal abundance. Importantly, local recruitment showed opposite responses. This counterintuitive result may be explained by density‐dependent survival. When nest depredation rates are low, predators may show stronger numerical and functional responses to high shorebird chick abundance on coastal meadows, whereas in years of high nest depredation, few hatching chicks lure fewer predators. The opposite effects on nest and local recruitment demonstrate the diverse mechanisms by which population size variation in primary prey can affect dynamics of alternative prey populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Risto Tornberg
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | | | - Nelli Rönkä
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Kari Koivula
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland
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Pakanen V, Koivula K, Doligez B, Flodin L, Pauliny A, Rönkä N, Blomqvist D. Natal dispersal does not entail survival costs but is linked to breeding dispersal in a migratory shorebird, the southern dunlin
Calidris alpina schinzii. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veli‐Matti Pakanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, Univ. of Oulu Oulu Finland
- Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kari Koivula
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, Univ. of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Blandine Doligez
- CNRS, Univ. Lyon 1, Dept of Biometry and Evolutionary Biology, UMR 5558 Villeurbanne France
| | | | - Angela Pauliny
- Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Nelli Rönkä
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, Univ. of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Donald Blomqvist
- Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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Broggi J, Hohtola E, Koivula K, Rytkönen S, Nilsson JÅ. Prehatching temperatures drive inter-annual cohort differences in great tit metabolism. Oecologia 2022; 198:619-627. [PMID: 35174406 PMCID: PMC8956552 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) constitutes the lowest metabolic rate in a resting animal and is, therefore, considered to reflect the energetic cost of maintenance in endotherms. BMR is a reversible plastic trait that changes with environmental and ecological circumstances, albeit being heritable and susceptible to selection. Inter-individual variation within populations of small birds is substantial, and while many of the drivers of such variation have been identified, many remain unexplained. We studied winter BMR variation of juveniles over a 15-year period in a wild population of great tits Parus major at the northern border of their distribution. BMR during winter consistently changed between years, even after controlling for environmental factors, suggestive of a non-reversible developmental plasticity shaping the adult metabolic phenotype. BMR in cohorts of wintering great tits varied among winters as a response to minimum ambient temperatures experienced early in life, during the prehatching period. This developmental plasticity might be adaptive if temperatures experienced by growing embryos would metabolically prime them to an environment that they will likely encounter in future life. However, in line with a more unpredictable future climate, the risk of phenotype-environment mismatch is likely to lead to certain cohorts being poorly adapted to prevailing winter conditions, resulting in wider annual fluctuations in population size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Broggi
- Department of Biology, Section of Evolutionary Ecology, University of Lund, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Av. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales - CSIC, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esa Hohtola
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Koivula
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Seppo Rytkönen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jan-Åke Nilsson
- Department of Biology, Section of Evolutionary Ecology, University of Lund, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
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5
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Rönkä N, Pakanen VM, Pauliny A, Thomson RL, Nuotio K, Pehlak H, Thorup O, Lehikoinen P, Rönkä A, Blomqvist D, Koivula K, Kvist L. Genetic differentiation in an endangered and strongly philopatric, migrant shorebird. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:125. [PMID: 34147062 PMCID: PMC8214799 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Populations living in fragmented habitats may suffer from loss of genetic variation and reduced between-patch dispersal, which are processes that can result in genetic differentiation. This occurs frequently in species with reduced mobility, whereas genetic differentiation is less common among mobile species such as migratory birds. The high dispersal capacity in the latter species usually allows for gene flow even in fragmented landscapes. However, strongly philopatric behaviour can reinforce relative isolation and the degree of genetic differentiation. The Southern Dunlin (Calidris alpina schinzii) is a philopatric, long-distance migratory shorebird and shows reduced dispersal between isolated breeding patches. The endangered population of the Southern Dunlin breeding at the Baltic Sea has suffered from habitat deterioration and fragmentation of coastal meadows. We sampled DNA across the entire population and used 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci to examine whether the environmental changes have resulted in genetic structuring and loss of variation. Results We found a pattern of isolation-by-distance across the whole Baltic population and genetic differentiation between local populations, even within the southern Baltic. Observed heterozygosity was lower than expected throughout the range and internal relatedness values were positive indicating inbreeding. Conclusions Our results provide long-term, empirical evidence for the theoretically expected links between habitat fragmentation, population subdivision, and gene flow. They also demonstrate a rare case of genetic differentiation between populations of a long-distance migratory species. The Baltic Southern Dunlin differs from many related shorebird species that show near panmixia, reflecting its philopatric life history and the reduced connectivity of its breeding patches. The results have important implications as they suggest that reduced connectivity of breeding habitats can threaten even long-distance migrants if they show strong philopatry during breeding. The Baltic Southern Dunlin warrants urgent conservation efforts that increase functional connectivity and gene flow between breeding areas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01855-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Rönkä
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Pakanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Angela Pauliny
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert L Thomson
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.,Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Kimmo Nuotio
- Environmental Agency, Valtakatu 11, 28100, Pori, Finland
| | - Hannes Pehlak
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014, Tartu, Estonia.,OÜ Xenus, Koguva, 94724, Muhu Island, Saare, Estonia
| | - Ole Thorup
- , V. Vedsted Byvej 32, Vester Vedsted, 6760, Ribe, Denmark
| | - Petteri Lehikoinen
- The Helsinki Lab of Ornithology, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Rönkä
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Donald Blomqvist
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kari Koivula
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Kvist
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
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6
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Leivo J, Anttonen E, Jolly SS, Dzavik V, Koivumaki J, Tahvanainen M, Koivula K, Nikus K, Wang J, Cairns JA, Niemela K, Eskola M. 3037The prognostic significance of grade of ischemia in patients with STEMI: a substudy of the randomized trial of primary PCI with or without routine manual thrombectomy (TOTAL trial). Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The importance of grade of ischemia (GI) classification in the risk assessment of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction has been shown previously. Grade 3 ischemia (G3I) is defined by the Sclarovsky-Birnbaum grading system as ECG with ST-elevation and distortion of the terminal portion of the QRS complex in two or more adjacent leads, while grade 2 ischemia (G2I) is defined as ECG with ST-elevation without QRS distortion.
Methods
In a substudy of the international, multicenter, prospective, randomized Trial of Routine Aspiration Thrombectomy with PCI versus PCI Alone in Patients with STEMI (TOTAL), we studied the prognostic impact of the grade of ischemia classification on the outcome in patients with STEMI (n=7,211). The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, recurrent MI, cardiogenic shock, or New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV heart failure within one year.
Results
The primary outcome occurred in 153 of 1,563 patients (9.8%) in the G3I group vs. 364 of 5,648 patients (6.4%) in the G2I group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29 to 1.88; p<0.001). The rates of cardiovascular death (4.8% with G3I vs. 2.5% with G2I; HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.45 to 2.54; p<0.001) and all-cause mortality (5.2% with G3I vs. 3.3% with G2I; HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.10; p<0.001) were also higher in patients with G3I. The rate of stroke or TIA were similar within the two groups (1.1% with G3I vs. 1.0% with G2I; HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.95; p=0.650). The grade of ischemia (G3I vs G2I) was shown to be an independent predictor of primary outcome in adjusted multivariable analysis (adjusted HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.74; p<0.001).
Conclusions
STEMI patients with G3I in the presenting ECG proved to have an increased rate of cardiovascular death, recurrent MI, cardiogenic shock, or NYHA class IV heart failure within one year compared to patients with G2I.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Tampere University Hospital, The unit of Heart Center Co. [Z60064]
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Affiliation(s)
- J Leivo
- University of Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - E Anttonen
- University of Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - S S Jolly
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - V Dzavik
- University Health Network, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Koivumaki
- Tampere University Hospital, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Tahvanainen
- Tampere University Hospital, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Koivula
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Nikus
- Tampere University Hospital, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Wang
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - J A Cairns
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - K Niemela
- Tampere University Hospital, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Eskola
- Tampere University Hospital, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Tampere, Finland
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Broggi J, Nilsson JF, Koivula K, Hohtola E, Nilsson JÅ. Mass or pace? Seasonal energy management in wintering boreal passerines. Oecologia 2019; 189:339-351. [PMID: 30617630 PMCID: PMC6394691 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-04332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Research on winter energy management in small vertebrates has focused on the regulation of body mass (BM) within a framework of starvation-predation trade-off. Winter-acclimatized birds exhibit a seasonal increase in both BM and basal metabolic rate (BMR), although the patterns of co-variation between the two traits remain unknown. We studied this co-variation in three different species of wild titmice, great, blue and willow tits, originating from two boreal regions at different latitudes. Seasonal change in BM and BMR was inter-dependent, particularly in the great tit; however, by contrast, no seasonal change was observed in the willow tit. BMR changed non-linearly in concert with BM with a peak in midwinter for both blue and great tits, whereas such non-linear pattern in willow tit was opposite and independent of BM. Surprisingly, BMR appears to be more sensitive to ambient temperatures than BM in all three species studied. Energy management is a multifaceted strategy that cannot be fully understood without considering reserve levels and energy expenditure simultaneously. Thus, our study indicates that the prevailing conceptual framework based on variation in BM alone is insufficient to understand seasonal energy management in small wintering passerines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Broggi
- Section of Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Lund, 223 62, Lund, Sweden. .,Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Av. Americo Vespucio 26, 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Johan F Nilsson
- Section of Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Lund, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kari Koivula
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Esa Hohtola
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jan-Åke Nilsson
- Section of Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Lund, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
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Leivo J, Anttonen E, Jolly SS, Dzavik V, Koivumaki J, Tahvanainen M, Koivula K, Nikus K, Wang J, Cairns JA, Niemela K, Eskola MJ. P3680The high-risk ECG pattern of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a substudy of the randomized trial of primary PCI with or without routine manual thrombectomy (TOTAL trial). Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Leivo
- University of Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - E Anttonen
- University of Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - S S Jolly
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - V Dzavik
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Koivumaki
- Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Tahvanainen
- Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Koivula
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Nikus
- Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Wang
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - J A Cairns
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - K Niemela
- Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - M J Eskola
- Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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9
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Anttonen EMJ, Leivo J, Jolly SS, Dzavik V, Koivumaeki JK, Tahvanainen M, Koivula K, Nikus K, Wang J, Cairns JA, Niemelae K, Eskola M. P1494The prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a sub-study of the randomized TOTAL trial. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - J Leivo
- University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - S S Jolly
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - V Dzavik
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - J K Koivumaeki
- Tampere University Hospital, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Tahvanainen
- Tampere University Hospital, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Koivula
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Nikus
- University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Wang
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - J A Cairns
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - K Niemelae
- Tampere University Hospital, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Eskola
- Tampere University Hospital, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Tampere, Finland
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10
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Pakanen VM, Aikio S, Luukkonen A, Koivula K. Grazed wet meadows are sink habitats for the southern dunlin ( Calidris alpina schinzii) due to nest trampling by cattle. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:7176-7187. [PMID: 28725390 PMCID: PMC5513266 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of habitat management is commonly evaluated by measuring population growth, which does not distinguish changes in reproductive success from changes in survival or the effects of immigration or emigration. Management has rarely been evaluated considering complete life cycle of the target organisms, including also possible negative impacts from management. We evaluated the effectiveness of cattle grazing in the restoration of coastal meadows as a breeding habitat for small and medium‐sized ground‐nesting birds by examining the size and demography of a southern dunlin (Calidris alpina schinzii) breeding population. Using a stochastic renesting model that includes within‐season variation in breeding parameters, we evaluated the effect of grazing time and stocking rates on reproduction. The census data indicated that the population was stable when nest trampling was prevented, but detailed demographic models showed that the population on managed meadows was a sink that persisted by attracting immigrants. Even small reductions in reproductive success caused by trampling were detrimental to long‐term viability. We suggest that the best management strategy is to postpone grazing to after the 19th of June, which is about three weeks later than what is optimal from the farmer's point of view. The differing results from the two evaluation approaches warn against planning and evaluating management only based on census population size and highlight the need to consider target‐specific life history characteristics and demography. Even though grazing management is crucial for creating and maintaining suitable habitats, we found that it was insufficient in maintaining a viable population without additional measures that increase nest success. In the presently studied case and in populations with similar breeding cycles, impacts from nest trampling can be avoided by starting grazing when about 70% of the breeding season has past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veli-Matti Pakanen
- Department of Ecology University of Oulu PO Box 3000 FIN-90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Sami Aikio
- Department of Ecology University of Oulu PO Box 3000 FIN-90014 Oulu Finland.,Finnish Museum of Natural History Botany Unit University of Helsinki PO Box 7 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Aappo Luukkonen
- Department of Ecology University of Oulu PO Box 3000 FIN-90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Kari Koivula
- Department of Ecology University of Oulu PO Box 3000 FIN-90014 Oulu Finland
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11
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Weiser EL, Lanctot RB, Brown SC, Alves JA, Battley PF, Bentzen R, Bêty J, Bishop MA, Boldenow M, Bollache L, Casler B, Christie M, Coleman JT, Conklin JR, English WB, Gates HR, Gilg O, Giroux MA, Gosbell K, Hassell C, Helmericks J, Johnson A, Katrínardóttir B, Koivula K, Kwon E, Lamarre JF, Lang J, Lank DB, Lecomte N, Liebezeit J, Loverti V, McKinnon L, Minton C, Mizrahi D, Nol E, Pakanen VM, Perz J, Porter R, Rausch J, Reneerkens J, Rönkä N, Saalfeld S, Senner N, Sittler B, Smith PA, Sowl K, Taylor A, Ward DH, Yezerinac S, Sandercock BK. Effects of geolocators on hatching success, return rates, breeding movements, and change in body mass in 16 species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds. Mov Ecol 2016; 4:12. [PMID: 27134752 PMCID: PMC4850671 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-016-0077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geolocators are useful for tracking movements of long-distance migrants, but potential negative effects on birds have not been well studied. We tested for effects of geolocators (0.8-2.0 g total, representing 0.1-3.9 % of mean body mass) on 16 species of migratory shorebirds, including five species with 2-4 subspecies each for a total of 23 study taxa. Study species spanned a range of body sizes (26-1091 g) and eight genera, and were tagged at 23 breeding and eight nonbreeding sites. We compared breeding performance and return rates of birds with geolocators to control groups while controlling for potential confounding variables. RESULTS We detected negative effects of tags for three small-bodied species. Geolocators reduced annual return rates for two of 23 taxa: by 63 % for semipalmated sandpipers and by 43 % for the arcticola subspecies of dunlin. High resighting effort for geolocator birds could have masked additional negative effects. Geolocators were more likely to negatively affect return rates if the total mass of geolocators and color markers was 2.5-5.8 % of body mass than if tags were 0.3-2.3 % of body mass. Carrying a geolocator reduced nest success by 42 % for semipalmated sandpipers and tripled the probability of partial clutch failure in semipalmated and western sandpipers. Geolocators mounted perpendicular to the leg on a flag had stronger negative effects on nest success than geolocators mounted parallel to the leg on a band. However, parallel-band geolocators were more likely to reduce return rates and cause injuries to the leg. No effects of geolocators were found on breeding movements or changes in body mass. Among-site variation in geolocator effect size was high, suggesting that local factors were important. CONCLUSIONS Negative effects of geolocators occurred only for three of the smallest species in our dataset, but were substantial when present. Future studies could mitigate impacts of tags by reducing protruding parts and minimizing use of additional markers. Investigators could maximize recovery of tags by strategically deploying geolocators on males, previously marked individuals, and successful breeders, though targeting subsets of a population could bias the resulting migratory movement data in some species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Weiser
- />Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS USA
| | | | | | - José A. Alves
- />CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- />South Iceland Research Centre, University of Iceland, Selfoss, Iceland
| | - Phil F. Battley
- />Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Joël Bêty
- />Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie and Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC Canada
| | | | - Megan Boldenow
- />Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA
| | - Loïc Bollache
- />Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- />Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Besançon, France
- />Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, Francheville, France
| | | | | | | | - Jesse R. Conklin
- />Chair in Global Flyway Ecology, Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willow B. English
- />Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - H. River Gates
- />US Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK USA
- />Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences, Manomet, MA USA
- />ABR, Inc. - Environmental Research and Services, Anchorage, AK USA
| | - Olivier Gilg
- />Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, Francheville, France
- />Laboratoire Biogéoscience, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Andrée Giroux
- />Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie and Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC Canada
- />Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB Canada
| | - Ken Gosbell
- />Victorian Wader Study Group, Victoria, Australia
- />Australasian Wader Studies Group, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Hassell
- />Australasian Wader Studies Group, Victoria, Australia
- />Global Flyway Network, Broome, WA Australia
| | | | - Andrew Johnson
- />Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | | | - Kari Koivula
- />Department of Ecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eunbi Kwon
- />Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS USA
| | - Jean-Francois Lamarre
- />Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie and Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC Canada
| | - Johannes Lang
- />Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, Francheville, France
- />Institute of Animal Ecology and Nature Education, Gonterskirchen, Germany
| | - David B. Lank
- />Centre for Wildlife Ecology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Nicolas Lecomte
- />Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB Canada
| | | | | | - Laura McKinnon
- />Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON Canada
- />Department of Multidisciplinary Studies, York University Glendon Campus, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Clive Minton
- />Victorian Wader Study Group, Victoria, Australia
- />Australasian Wader Studies Group, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Erica Nol
- />Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON Canada
| | | | - Johanna Perz
- />Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON Canada
| | - Ron Porter
- />Delaware Bay Shorebird Project, Ambler, PA USA
| | | | - Jeroen Reneerkens
- />Chair in Global Flyway Ecology, Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- />Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Nelli Rönkä
- />Department of Ecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - Benoît Sittler
- />Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, Francheville, France
- />Institut für Landespflege, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Kristine Sowl
- />Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Bethel, AK USA
| | - Audrey Taylor
- />Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK USA
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Pakanen VM, Hongell H, Aikio S, Koivula K. Little tern breeding success in artificial and natural habitats: modelling population growth under uncertain vital rates. POPUL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-014-0446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rönkä N, Kvist L, Pakanen VM, Rönkä A, Degtyaryev V, Tomkovich P, Tracy D, Koivula K. Phylogeography of the Temminck’s Stint (Calidris temminckii): historical vicariance but little present genetic structure in a regionally endangered Palearctic wader. DIVERS DISTRIB 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Pakanen VM, Hildén O, Rönkä A, Belda EJ, Luukkonen A, Kvist L, Koivula K. Breeding dispersal strategies following reproductive failure explain low apparent survival of immigrant Temminck's stints. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pakanen VM, Rönkä A, Belda EJ, Luukkonen A, Kvist L, Koivula K. Impact of dispersal status on estimates of local population growth rates in a Temminck's stint Calidris temminckii population. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Thomson RL, Forsman JT, Mönkkönen M, Hukkanen M, Koivula K, Rytkönen S, Orell M. Predation risk effects on fitness related measures in a resident bird. OIKOS 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lampila S, Orell M, Belda E, Koivula K. Importance of adult survival, local recruitment and immigration in a declining boreal forest passerine, the willow tit Parus montanus. Oecologia 2006; 148:405-13. [PMID: 16514536 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-006-0386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Population growth rate (lambda) and its components (adult survival, local recruitment, immigration and their relative contributions to lambda) were studied in the declining willow tit Parus montanus in Northern Finland. Capture-recapture models for open populations were used to estimate the population parameters and their process variation. Adult survival was fairly high with low variation (0.593, CV=0.067). As expected, local recruitment was lower and more variable (0.063, CV=0.610). During the 12-year study, the population growth rate averaged to one (0.988, CV=0.197; calculated as [see text]. However, if the present processes continue, population projections show that the population is likely to decline. There was considerable temporal variation in the relative contributions of demographic parameters to lambda. In all years, adult survival had the highest relative contribution (mean 64%) to the population growth rate and it was the least variable trait. Immigration had a higher relative contribution (22%) to lambda than local recruitment (14%). Based on the results for the contributions to lambda, the main conservation concern for willow tits is adult survival. Due to low variation, adult survival may be difficult to enhance, but at least it should be prevented from declining. High stochasticity in local recruitment and immigration is probably an inherent characteristic of highly seasonal environments, making these traits difficult to address for conservation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Lampila
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
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Kvist L, Broggi J, Illera JC, Koivula K. Colonisation and diversification of the blue tits (Parus caeruleus teneriffae-group) in the Canary Islands. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2005; 34:501-11. [PMID: 15683925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Revised: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The blue tit (Parus caeruleus teneriffae group) is proposed to have colonised the Canary Islands from North Africa according to an east-to-west stepping stone model, and today, the species group is divided into four subspecies, differing in morphological, acoustic, and ecological characters. This colonisation hypothesis was tested and the population structure between and within the islands studied using mitochondrial DNA sequences of the non-coding and relatively fast evolving control region. Our results suggest that one of the central islands, Tenerife, was colonised first and the other islands from there. Three of the presently recognised four subspecies are monophyletic, exception being the subspecies teneriffae, which consists of two monophyletic groups, the one including birds of Tenerife and La Gomera and the other birds of Gran Canaria. The Gran Canarian birds are well differentiated from birds of the other islands and should be given a subspecies status. In addition, the teneriffae subspecies group is clearly distinct from the European caeruleus group, and therefore the blue tit assemblage should be divided into two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kvist
- Department of Biology, POB 3000, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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20
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Broggi J, Koivula K, Lahti K, Orell M. Seasonality in daily body mass variation in a hoarding boreal passerine. Oecologia 2003; 137:627-33. [PMID: 14530959 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-003-1355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2003] [Accepted: 07/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the body mass variation from autumn to winter, in a free-living population of willow tits ( Parus montanus), a food-hoarding passerine living year-round in boreal forests. Our aim was to find out whether this population exhibits 'winter fattening' as part of the annual body mass cycle. 'True winter fattening' is considered to be a strategic response to winter conditions. The strategy includes an increase in both the morning mass and the daily mass increase, as winter approaches. A multivariate approach was used to find which predictors (year, date, age, sex, body size, temperature and snow depth) explained the mass variation in birds measured twice per day. Morning mass variation was explained by sex, age, wing length and snow depth. Independently, date explained morning mass variation only in adult males. None of the predictors explained the variation observed in daily mass increase in any age or sex class. Therefore, we failed to detect winter fattening in our study population of willow tits. Response to increasing night length is not due to higher absolute intake, but to higher energy acquisition rate and decreased night-time energy consumption. The results suggest that willow tits at high latitudes manage increasing energy demands on a short-term basis and respond flexibly to changing conditions by adjusting foraging efficiency and especially night-time energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Broggi
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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Lahti K, Koivula K, Rytkönen S, Mustonen T, Welling P, Pravosudov VV, Orell M. Social influences on food caching in willow tits: a field experiment. Behav Ecol 1998. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/9.2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
AbstractPredation risk can vary both in space and in time. Dawn and dusk may present greater risk to diurnal birds, since their vision is not well adapted to dimness and both nocturnal and diurnal predators may be active at these times. If the birds are not time-limited, selection should favour activity patterns where crepuscular activity is avoided. Individuals in dominance-structured groups may differ in their time-limitation. The roost-entering and emerging times of willow tits (Parus montanus) spending the winter in flocks with a social hierarchy were examined. In early winter, dominants initiated their daily activities later and roosted earlier than subordinate individuals. As a result, the duration of roosting was longer for dominants than for subordinates. By the next breeding season, significantly more subordinates than dominants had disappeared (presumably died), and the individuals which disappeared had the longest days. There were no sex differences in daily activity in early winter, but in late winter, males emerged earlier in the morning than females. A feeding experiment revealed that the birds were restricted by food availability: the fed birds reduced their roosting period less than simultaneous controls. The greater change in the controls is understandable, because the days grew longer (and the roosting period thus shorter) during the experiment. We suggest that the longest active birds were forced to extend their day in order to obtain sufficient food, which perhaps resulted in greater mortality through predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Koivula
- 1(Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Linnanmaa, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Kimmo Lahti
- 2(Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Linnanmaa, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku Orell
- 3(Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Linnanmaa, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland
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Orell M, Rytkönen S, Koivula K. Causes of divorce in the monogamous willow tit, Parus montanus, and consequences for reproductive success. Anim Behav 1994. [DOI: 10.1006/anbe.1994.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Orell M, Koivula K. Cost of reproduction: parental survival and production of recruits in the Willow Tit Parus montanus. Oecologia 1988; 77:423-432. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00378054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/1988] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Blumenthal M, Byring R, Koivula K. Comparison of nitrazepam 5 mg with triazolam 0.5 mg in young psychiatric insomniac inpatients. Double-blind single night cross-over study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1980; 62:519-24. [PMID: 6111178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb00641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sixty young male patients with insomniac disorders were treated with nitrazepam 5 mg or triazolam 0.5 mg in a double-blind single night cross-over study. The results were favourable for triazolam in all the sleep parameters assessed. The significance of an hypnotic with a short life and its use in clinical practice is discussed.
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