Point of care thoracic ultrasound versus chest computed tomography in the approach of febrile neutropenia patients: A diagnostic accuracy cohort study

Single-center prospective cohort diagnostic accuracy study. Our study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of Thoracic Ultrasound (TUS) in detecting pulmonary pathology in immunosuppressed patients. We conducted a single-center prospective study. Consecutive patients with febrile neutropenia who underwent CT (Computerized Tomography) underwent TUS evaluation within 24h of CT. Both studies were performed by an expert who was blinded to the clinical information and results of the alternative imaging modalities. 34 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 39.9 years (±17 standard deviation). TUS as a diagnostic test had a sensitivity of 92.9% and specificity of 83.3%, negative predictive value of 71.4%, and positive predictive value of 96.3%. Substantial between-method agreement was demonstrated with a kappa of 0.71 (P = .001) between the TUS and chest CT findings. We obtained a kappa of 1 (P = .001) for the final diagnosis of Pleural Effusion (PE). We concluded that TUS is a promising screening test for immunocompromised individuals. The results showed good diagnostic performance of TUS compared to CT for the detection of pulmonary findings highly suggestive of pathology with high accuracy and reproducibility.