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Finnegan A, Salem K, Ainsworth-Moore L. 'One Is Too Many' preventing self-harm and suicide in military veterans: a quantitative evaluation. BMJ Mil Health 2024:e002623. [PMID: 38443145 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2021, the Armed Forces Covenant Fund Trust allocated over £2 million to programmes designed to have a clear and demonstrable impact on suicide prevention. Four grant holders delivered a combination of psychotherapeutic interventions, group activities, social prescribing, peer support mentoring, life skills coaching, educational courses and practical help with housing and employment. The evaluation was completed between August 2021 and July 2023. METHODS A survey was completed by 503 participants at entry and 423 at exit. It captured data regarding demographic and military-specific details, health status, situational stressors, predisposing symptoms, help-seeking behaviour, social engagement, housing, living arrangements and employment status. The questionnaire included a number of validated psychometric questionnaires. RESULTS This evaluation revealed reductions in situational stressors, symptoms and mental health illnesses. Seventy-six per cent of participants had completed an Operational Tour, and 77% were exposed to a traumatic event during service. It was the negative impact of unresolved traumatic effects that influenced service-users to require support. Forty-nine per cent delayed seeking help, and 36% self-referred to the One Is Too Many programme which demonstrates the importance of this option. There were improvements in the participants' social networking, social activities, club membership and having people to rely on. Only 4% of participants were women which reinforces the requirement to explore initiatives to engage with female veterans. CONCLUSIONS Timely therapeutic and social prescribing interventions in a safe environment lowered depression, anxiety and the associated situational stressors leading to self-harming and may have reduced suicide. It presented another option to veterans and their families regarding where they can obtain support, care and therapeutic interventions. The programme provided a strong foundation for delivery organisations to forge lasting collaborative partnerships that can be extended to working with other authorities and institutes. The results highlight pathways for prevention and intervention strategies to inform policymakers, healthcare professionals and third-sector organisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Finnegan
- Westminster Centre for Research in Veterans, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - K Salem
- Westminster Centre for Research in Veterans, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - L Ainsworth-Moore
- Westminster Centre for Research in Veterans, University of Chester, Chester, UK
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Finnegan A, Salem K, Green N, Ainsworth-Moore L, Ghomi M. Evaluation of the NHS England 'Op COURAGE' High Intensity Service for military veterans with significant mental health problems. BMJ Mil Health 2023:e002385. [PMID: 37451820 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In November 2020, The NHS for England launched a pilot High Intensity Service (HIS) programme for treating military veterans complex mental health problems. Seven regional grants were awarded to manage the HIS, including NHS Solent, in South East England. This paper details an evaluation of the HIS, which was conducted from February 2021 to August 2022. METHODS This mixed-methods study gained quantitative data from a specifically designed questionnaire that included a number of validated psychometric questionnaires. These were completed by either HIS staff or beneficiaries at entry and exit from the HIS, and qualitative data were gained from semi-structured interviews with the HIS staff. RESULTS Data were sourced from 45 pre-questionnaires, 25 post programme questionnaires and 11 interviews. This evaluation identified reductions in situational stressors, symptoms and reported illnesses for veterans in crisis. There were reductions in depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder following programme exit. Staff reported that there was no notable changes in stress levels which appeared to remain high at programme exit. Staff interviews highlighted the importance of simultaneously understanding the social and psychological needs of veterans in mental health crisis. The benefits of integrating veteran staff members into military veteran health services were identified, demonstrating improvements in education around military culture in civilian services. CONCLUSIONS The importance of collaboration between clinical and veteran staff members in veteran health services was noted, demonstrating the positive impact social care provision has on veteran's overall health and well-being. Veteran engagement with the service was advocated as a result of veterans accessing the service feeling understood. This first independent evaluation of the HIS provides a positive reflection, and adds to the limited empirical evidence exploring veteran engagement in health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Finnegan
- Westminster Centre for Research in Veterans, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - K Salem
- Westminster Centre for Research in Veterans, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - N Green
- Westminster Centre for Research in Veterans, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - L Ainsworth-Moore
- Westminster Centre for Research in Veterans, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - M Ghomi
- Psychological Services, Solent NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
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Larie Baghal SM, Salem K, Saati K. An In-Vitro Comparative Study of Fluoride Varnish and Two Calcium-Containing Fluoride Products on the Remineralization of Primary Teeth Enamel. Front Dent 2023; 20:23. [PMID: 37701656 PMCID: PMC10493113 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v20i23.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of fluoride varnish and two calcium-based fluoride products on the remineralization of primary teeth enamel. Materials and Methods: Surface-microhardness (SMH) of 36 extracted anterior primary teeth was measured by Vickers test (50gr/5 seconds) to provide a baseline for later comparisons. All teeth were immersed in demineralizing solution for 96 hours to create caries-like lesions and SMH was determined for the artificially-induced caries. The teeth were randomly assigned to three groups consisting of 5% fluoride varnish once daily/10 seconds, Clinpro™ 5000 toothpaste once daily/2 minutes, and Remin Pro cream once daily/3 minutes for 28 days. All specimens were kept in artificial saliva with pH cycling during the study period. After remineralization, SMH was evaluated for the last time. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Mauchly's sphericity, and RM-ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for inter-and- intra-group comparisons at the three stages of the study. Results: Neither the baseline SMH nor the SMH of the artificially created caries showed significant differences among the samples (P>0.05). The post-treatment SMH was highest in the Clinpro group (296.4±73.1kgf/mm2), followed by Remin Pro (283.8±119.3kgf/mm2), and varnish (270.9±78.3 kgf/mm2). There was no significant difference among the groups after treatment (P>0.05). We also did not observe a significant difference among the three different study stages (P>0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in-vitro study, daily application of low fluoride-calcium compound seems to be as effective as the professional use of fluoride varnish or high-content fluoride toothpaste in remineralizing initial caries of primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mohsen Larie Baghal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Salem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Saati
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Salem K, Khoshrang H, Esmaeeli E, Vatankhah M. Comparison of two Intranasal Sedatives, Midazolam versus Dexmedetomidine, in Children with High Dental Fear: a Randomized Clinical Trial. J Dent (Shiraz) 2022; 23:129-136. [PMID: 35783491 PMCID: PMC9206707 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2021.89323.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Pharmacologic management of uncooperative behavior is a growing trend in dentistry. Determining the most appropriate drug, route of administration, and proper candidate for sedation have been the goal of several investigations. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the sedative effect of intranasal (IN) sedation of midazolam (MDZ) in compare to dexmedetomidine (DEX) while taking into consideration the effect of dental fear, and psychological status on sedation success. MATERIALS AND METHOD This double-blind randomized clinical trial included 92 uncooperative dental patients aged 4-6. Study participants were randomly assigned to receive either 0.2mg/kg IN MDZ or 1µg/kg DEX. Sedation was evaluated using the Houpt sedation rating scale. Vital signs were recorded before and during sedation. Prior to sedation, the level of dental fear was determined through children's fear survey schedule-dental subscale (CFSS-DS). Psychological characteristics were screened using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Data were analyzed using T-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS Overall ratings of sedation and subscales of sleep, crying, and movement were comparable between groups (p> 0.05); however, more acceptable behavior (overall scores (4+5+6) was observed in MDZ group compared to DEX group (64% vs. 47.7%) (p= 0.007). All participants were found to have abnormal levels of dental fear (CFSS-DS≥38). However, according to SDQ, the study participants have mainly shown normal behavioral status. A significant association was found between dental fear and sedation success (MDZ, p= 0.001, DEX, p= 0.03), while similar findings were not observed for psychological characteristics (MDZ, p= 0.09 and p= 0.41; DEX, p= 0.71 and p= 0.53). Physiological parameters remained within normal limits in both groups. CONCLUSION Sedation with IN MDZ resulted in overall behaviors, which were more satisfactory in highly fearful pediatric dental patients. Despite baseline uncooperative behaviors, the psychological status of study participants were close to average and were not associated with sedation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Salem
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Guilan Dental school, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Khoshrang
- Dept. of Anesthesia, Guilan Medical School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Elham Esmaeeli
- Dentist, Guilan Dental School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mona Vatankhah
- Pediatric Dentist, Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran
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Attia A, Bilgasim F, Salem K, Siala I, Algaod S. 146P Breast cancer screening in Libya: Results of the first pilot study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Quraishi NA, Shetaiwi A, D'Aquino D, Salem K. Malpractice litigation and spinal surgery in the National Health Service: a single tertiary-level centre perspective over 12 years. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 103:548-552. [PMID: 34464556 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical malpractice litigation is a major concern for all spine surgeons. Our aim was to evaluate the incidence and burden of successful litigation relating to the management of spinal disorders over 12 years within a UK NHS tertiary-level spinal unit and compare these litigation costs with those of other specialties. METHODS We obtained all data held by our claims department from its inception in January 2008 to December 2019. We also obtained costs for the total financial burden incurred by our Trust during this period. RESULTS In total, there were 83 closed claims involving spinal pathologies. Over 80% of these comprised negligent surgery (n = 28, 34%), delay to diagnose/treat (n = 25, 30%) and negligent care (n = 18, 22%). The vast majority of claims were withdrawn without incurring any cost to the hospital (n = 59, 71%) and only 24 (29%) resulted in successful litigation for the claimant. The total cost of damages for these 24 successful claims was just over £8 million, including legal costs of £2.5 million, out of total litigation costs of £381 million over this period. DISCUSSION Fewer than 30% of initial claims against a tertiary spinal surgical referral unit resulted in a successful financial outcome for the claimant. The total costs incurred were just over £8 million, with one-third apportioned to high legal costs, reflecting the complexity of resolving spinal litigation. Our entire legal expenses accounted for only 2% of the total legal bill paid by our hospital over a 12-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Shetaiwi
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - D D'Aquino
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - K Salem
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
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Sahota O, van Berkel D, Ong T, Drummond A, Hendrick P, Quraishi N, Salem K. Pelvic fragility fractures-the forgotten osteoporotic fracture! Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:785-786. [PMID: 33491138 PMCID: PMC8026450 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-05848-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O Sahota
- Depart HCOP, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
- The Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East Midlands, Nottingham, UK.
| | - D van Berkel
- Depart HCOP, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - T Ong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Drummond
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - P Hendrick
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - N Quraishi
- The Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - K Salem
- The Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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Sahota A, Ong T, Kumar A, Simmonds L, Yoon WW, Salem K, Sahota O. Vertebroplasty for vertebral fragility fractures in the 'very elderly': experience from a regional UK spine unit. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:395-396. [PMID: 33392717 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05770-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Sahota
- Medical School, University of Leicester, George Davies Centre, Lancaster Rd, Leicester, UK
| | - T Ong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Kumar
- Department for Healthcare of Older People, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - L Simmonds
- Department for Healthcare of Older People, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - W W Yoon
- The Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - K Salem
- The Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - O Sahota
- Department for Healthcare of Older People, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
- The Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
- Division of Rehabilitation, Ageing and Wellbeing, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham, UK.
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Almekaty K, Zahran MH, Zoeir A, Minhas S, Salem K. The role of artery‐preserving varicocelectomy in subfertile men with severe oligozoospermia: a randomized controlled study. Andrology 2019; 7:193-198. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Almekaty
- Faculty of Medicine Tanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - M. H. Zahran
- Mansoura University Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura Egypt
| | - A. Zoeir
- Faculty of Medicine Tanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - S. Minhas
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London UK
| | - K. Salem
- Faculty of Medicine Tanta University Tanta Egypt
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Salem K, Seyyedkhamesi S, Aminian M. Evaluation of Oral and Dental Health Status in Hemophilic Children and Adolescents in the City of Rasht. jpr 2018. [DOI: 10.4274/jpr.80037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Salem K, Vejdani J, Espidkar S, Aghaei S. Comparison of Deciduous Dental Occlusion in Breastfed Versus Bottle-Fed Children. J Res Dentomaxillofac Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/jrdms.3.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Tan MY, Ong T, Sivam J, Al-Shuft H, Sahota O, Salem K. 32THE ROLE OF DYNAMIC SUPINE-SITTING SPINAL RADIOGRAPHS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VERTEBRAL FRAGILITY FRACTURES ADMITTED TO HOSPITAL. Age Ageing 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy124.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Y Tan
- Department of Healthcare for Older People, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - T Ong
- Department of Healthcare for Older People, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - J Sivam
- Department of Healthcare for Older People, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - H Al-Shuft
- Department of Healthcare for Older People, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - O Sahota
- Department of Healthcare for Older People, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - K Salem
- Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
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Rahmani N, Salem K, Moazemi F. Hyper-IgM Immunodeficiency with Enamel Defects: a Case Report. J Res Dentomaxillofac Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/jrdms.3.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Salem K, Ezaani P. Radiographic Evaluation of the Developmental Stages of Second and Third Molars in 7 to 11-Year-old Children and its Implication
in the Treatment of First Molars with Poor Prognosis. J Res Dentomaxillofac Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.29252/jrdms.1.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Salem K, Khoshrang H, Kousha M, Hoseini M, Ranjbar M, Baniasadi S, Salamzadeh J. Efficacy and Safety of Orally Administered Intravenous Midazolam Versus a Commercially Prepared Syrup. Iran J Pediatr 2015; 25:e494. [PMID: 26199710 PMCID: PMC4505992 DOI: 10.5812/ijp.25(3)2015.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among different categories of sedative agents, benzodiazepines have been prescribed for more than three decades to patients of all ages. The effective and predictable sedative and amnestic effects of benzodiazepines support their use in pediatric patients. Midazolam is one of the most extensively used benzodiazepines in this age group. Oral form of drug is the best accepted route of administration in children. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of a commercially midazolam syrup versus orally administered IV midazolam in uncooperative dental patients. Second objective was to determine whether differences concerning sedation success can be explained by child's behavioral problems and dental fear. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty eight uncooperative dental patients (Frankl Scales 1,2) aged 3 to 6 years, and ASA I participated in this double blind, parallel randomized, controlled clinical trial. Midazolam was administered in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg for children under the age 5 and 0.2 mg/kg in patients over 5 years of age. Physiologic parameters including heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and blood pressure were recorded. Behavior assessment was conducted throughout the course of treatment using Houpt Sedation Rating Scale and at critical moments of treatment (injection and cavity preparation) by North Carolina Scale. Dental fear and behavioral problems were evaluated using Child Fear Schedule Survey-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Independent t-test, Chi-Square, and Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Acceptable overall sedation ratings were observed in 90% and 86% of syrup and IV/Oral group respectively; Chi-Square P = 0.5. Other domains of Houpt Scale including: sleep, crying and movement were also not significantly different between groups. Physiological parameters remained in normal limits during study without significant difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS "Orally administered IV midazolam" preparation can be used as an alternative for commercially midazolam syrup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Salem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dentistry Hospital, Guilan Dental School, Rasht, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Khoshrang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Iran
| | - Maryam Kousha
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Hoseini
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dentistry Hospital, Guilan Dental School, Rasht, IR Iran
| | - Marzieh Ranjbar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dentistry Hospital, Guilan Dental School, Rasht, IR Iran
| | - Shadi Baniasadi
- Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Jamshid Salamzadeh
- Deparment of Clinical Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Salem K, Kamranzadeh S, Kousha M, Shaeghi S, AbdollahGorgi F. Two Oral Midazolam Preparations in Pediatric Dental Patients: A Prospective Randomised Clinical Trial. Int J Pediatr 2015; 2015:349795. [PMID: 26120325 PMCID: PMC4452871 DOI: 10.1155/2015/349795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological sedation is an alternative behavior management strategy in pediatric dentistry. The aim of this study was to compare the behavioral and physiologic effects of "commercially midazolam syrup" versus "orally administered IV midazolam dosage form (extemporaneous midazolam (EF))" in uncooperative pediatric dental patients. Eighty-eight children between 4 to 7 years of age received 0.2-0.5 mg/kg midazolam in this parallel trial. Physiologic parameters were recorded at baseline and every 15 minutes. Behavior assessment was conducted objectively by Houpt scale throughout the sedation and North Carolina at baseline and during injection and cavity preparation. No significant difference in behavior was noted by Houpt or North Carolina scale. Acceptable behavior (excellent, very good, and good) was observed in 90.9% of syrup and 79.5% of EF subjects, respectively. Physiological parameters remained in normal range without significant difference between groups and no adverse effect was observed. It is concluded that EF midazolam preparation can be used as an acceptable alternative to midazolam syrup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Salem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Oro-Maxillofacial Developmental Disease Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 4194173774, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Kousha
- Department of Pediatric Psychiatry, Shafa Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Shaeghi
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Mofid Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh AbdollahGorgi
- Medical Research Development Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Salem K, Shahsavari F, Kazemnejad E, Poorhabibi Z. Pit and Fissure Sealant Versus Fluoride Varnish In Prevention of Occlusal Caries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.3dj.3.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND THE GOAL OF THIS INVESTIGATION WAS TO COMPARE THE BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THREE SEDATIVE DRUG REGIMENS: oral meperidine (OM), submucosal meperidine (SM) and oral midazolam (M) in healthy pediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study sample consisted of thirty children aged 24-72 months (mean = 41.1) exhibiting definitely negative behavior. Three sedative regimens including: Oral meperidine/hydroxyzine, oral midazolam/hydroxyzine and submucosal meperidine/oral hydroxyzine were administered randomly during three consecutive appointments with a crossover design. Houpt behavioral scale was employed for evaluating the sedation effect of each regimen by a calibrated independent Pediatric dentist. Physiologic parameters were also recorded including blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate. Data was analyzed using Wilcoxon-signed ranked test, Mc-Nemar, GEE Logistic regression, Friedman, Fisher exact and Cochran tests for significance. RESULTS Overall success rates were 50%, 46.7% and 26.7% for submucosal meperidine, oral meperidine and oral midazolam, respectively (P = 0.03). The probability of achieving a success in behavior control was more in 48-72 month olds. Child's age and drug type were the two main predictors of altered behavior. Evaluating the differences between the effects of three tested regimens on recorded physiological parameters showed no significant differences. CONCLUSION All three regimens were proved safe within the limits of the current study. Meperidine sedation in both routes was considered to be more effective. Although there was less sleep and more head/oral resistance in midazolam group, the difference between groups was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Toomarian
- Department of Pedodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran
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Salem K, Eshghi P. Dental health and oral health-related quality of life in children with congenital bleeding disorders. Haemophilia 2012; 19:65-70. [PMID: 22970656 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the dental and some other aspects of oral health status of young patients with congenital bleeding disorders (CBD) and the impact of these on their quality of life (OHR-QoL) compared with controls. DMFS-dmfs (Decayed, Missed, Filled Tooth surfaces in permanent and primary teeth) scores, Simplified oral hygiene index, occurance of hypoplasia of first permanent molars, Temporomandibular joint dysfunction and occlusion of 46 CBD patients at the age range of 2-15 years and 46 of other children as control were compared, and the impact of their oral health situation on quality of life was also investigated. Data were analysed by chi-square, t-test and Pearson correlation. Patients were significantly more caries-free with less decayed teeth in primary-permanent dentition (P = 0.03, t = -2.17).The mean scores of OHR-QoL of CBD patients and controls were not significantly different. Oral Bleeding was the significant variable in relation to 'oral health-related quality of life' in CBD groups (Pearson correlation, r = -0.56, P = 0.000). OHR-QoL in the control group was related to dmfs score (r = -0.392, P = 0.011) and male gender (r = -0.329, P = 0.026). Congenital bleeding disorder CBD patients were found to have a better dental health situation in primary dentition compared with controls; however, their 'oral health-related quality of life' was similar. Oral bleeding was the only significant factor related to OHR-QoL in CBD. It shows an overall importance of development of comprehensive care centres for CBD as the main cause of this achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Salem
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Guilan Dental School, Rasht, Iran
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Khaleghnejad-Tabari A, Salem K, Ghajar MF. Treatment of bilateral macrostomia (lateral lip cleft): case report. Iran J Pediatr 2012; 22:425-7. [PMID: 23399813 PMCID: PMC3564104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrostomia as a rare facial deformity is classified among facial clefts. It originates from failure in union of maxillary and mandibular prominences of first brachial arch during 7(th) embryonic week. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of bilateral macrostomia (bilateral lip cleft) in a female newborn as a sole entity without other skeletal and facial deformities. The cleft was repaired by a simple linear triangular flap using extra oral landmarks to locate lip commissures. Patient was followed through a six-month period. Acceptable results were gained in mouth appearance as well functional aspects. CONCLUSION Commissural repair through a linear flap can result in minimal visible scar with satisfying results in both esthetics and functional aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katayoun Salem
- Department of Pediatric and Hospital Dentistry, Guilan Dental School, Rasht, Iran,Corresponding Author:Address: Department of Pediatric and Hospital Dentistry, Guilan Dental School, Rasht, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Masoud Fallahinejad Ghajar
- Department of Pediatric and Hospital Dentistry, Shaid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Salem K, Kousha M, Anissian A, Shahabi A. Dental Fear and Concomitant Factors in 3-6 Year-old Children. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2012; 6:70-4. [PMID: 22991640 PMCID: PMC3445318 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2012.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dental fear/anxiety as a barrier in accessing oral health care is poorly investigated in Iranian children. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of dental fear and behavior management problems, as well as to examine the relationship between dental fear/anxiety and probable concomitant factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mothers of 200 children aged 3-6 were participated in this descriptive-analytic study, and completed the CFSS-DS, SDQ, Chora and Spielberger questionnaires for both child and parents' general and dental anxiety in this descriptive- analytic study. Behavior was evaluated according to Frankl scale. Statistical approaches included T-test, chi-sq, and Pearson Linear correlation. RESULTS The mean score of dental fear was 32.15 ± 10 and the prevalence was 22.2%. Significant correlations were found between child's dental fear, general fear and behavior management problems; however, no relationship was found between child's dental fear and parental dental or general fear. CONCLUSION According to results of this study dental fear/anxiety seems to be more conditional and related to child's temperament than parental impact. Parental evaluation of dental fear can be used as a predictor of child's dental behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Salem
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Kousha
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arash Anissian
- Associate Professor, Manager of Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asadollah Shahabi
- Associate Professor, Manager of Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Akhtar N, Kamran SI, Deleu D, D'Souza A, Miyares F, Elsotouhy A, Al-Hail H, Mesraoua B, Own A, Salem K, Kamha A, Osman Y. Ischaemic posterior circulation stroke in State of Qatar. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:1004-9. [PMID: 19538206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemic stroke features may show regional differences. Posterior circulation stroke (PCS) is of special interest, as symptomatology, course and outcome are usually different and complex. No significant studies or registries have reported on the characteristics and outcomes of PCS in our region. METHODS We prospectively collected data of 116 patients with PCS admitted from 2005 through 2008 in the only stroke admitting hospital in Qatar. Demographics, risk factors, clinical signs/symptoms, pattern of presentation, aetiology, imaging features, complications and outcome at discharge and follow-up were recorded. RESULTS Mean age was 53 years with 25% aged < or = 45, 85% were males. Demographically 47% were Arabs and 51% of South-Asian origin. Mean duration from onset to presentation was 29 h. Major risk factors were obesity (66%) and hypertension (61%). Minimal or fluctuating symptoms were present in 64%, while 9% had maximal deficit at onset. Thirty nine per cent had lesions in proximal territory and 23% in multiple territories. Around 41% had no occlusion, 16% had vertebro-basilar, 16% vertebral, 8% basilar occlusion. Etiologically 53% patients had large artery disease, 16% small vessel disease, and 17% cardioembolism. Seventy per cent of patients were discharged home, while 10% expired. Modified Rankin score (mRS) at discharge was < or = 2 in 53% and > or = 4 in 13% patients. At 30-day follow-up, 68% had mRS of < or = 2. Ninety-day survival status showed 89% alive with mRS < or = 2 in 73%. CONCLUSION The aetiology and lesion topography of PCS in this heterogeneous population differs from the pattern observed in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Akhtar
- Division of Neurology (Medicine), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar
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Docteur Bradai Meskine F, Pr Chalabi Benabdellah A, Dr Hamimed A, Berrahi A, Bensaad A, Salem K, Boukhlif C, Berrebah S. A - 8 Épileptiques en difficultés scolaires. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(07)90773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Salem K, Kwapinski W, Tsotsas E, Mewes D. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Concentration and Temperature Profiles in a Narrow Packed Bed Adsorber. Chem Eng Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200600049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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El Barbary H, Abdel Ghani H, Misbah H, Salem K. Complex tibial plateau fractures treated with Ilizarov external fixator with or without minimal internal fixation. Int Orthop 2005; 29:182-5. [PMID: 15756605 PMCID: PMC3456886 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-005-0638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2004] [Accepted: 01/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We treated 30 tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker Type VI) in 29 patients, with a mean age of 41.4 (20-76) years, with the Ilizarov fixator. In 18 fractures, we combined the treatment with minimal internal fixation. All fractures were the result of high-energy trauma, and 20 patients had associated injuries. Twenty-eight fractures were available for follow-up after 27 (16-36) months. Using The Knee Society clinical rating system, 18 knees were rated as excellent, seven as good, one as fair, and two as poor. There was a direct correlation between the presence of associated injuries and the final outcome. The most significant concomitant injuries were distal femoral fractures and extensive soft-tissue injury. This study emphasizes the clinical success and low morbidity associated with the use of external fixation and minimal internal fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Abdel Ghani
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- 5, Murad St., 12511 Giza, Egypt
| | - H. Misbah
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - K. Salem
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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El-Shabrawy Y, El-Enany N, Salem K. Sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric determination of captopril and ethamsylate in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 59:803-8. [PMID: 15474057 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2003] [Revised: 04/10/2004] [Accepted: 05/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of captopril (CPL) and ethamsylate (ESL) in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. The method is based on a catalytic acceleration of the reaction between sodium azide and iodine in an aqueous solution. Concentration range of 0.1-1.5 microg ml(-1) for CPL and 0.3-3 microg ml(-1) for ESL was determined by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of iodine at 348 nm by a fixed time method. The decrease in absorbance after 5 min was markedly correlated to the concentration. The relative standard deviations obtained were 1.30 and 1.87 for CPL and ESL, respectively, in pure forms. Correlation coefficients were 0.9997 and 0.9999 for CPL and ESL, respectively. The detection limits were determined as (S/N = 3) were 20 ng ml(-1) for CPL and 50 ng ml(-1) for ESL. The proposed procedure was successively applied for the determination of both drugs in pharmaceutical preparations and in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y El-Shabrawy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Salem K, Kwapinski W, Tsotsas E, Mewes D. Nah-Infrarot Tomographie zum Messen von Konzentrationsfeldern im Festbett. CHEM-ING-TECH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200490316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
The recent development of 3 Tesla MRI (3T MRI) has been fueled by promise of increased signal-to-noise ratio(SNR). Many are excited about the opportunity to not only use the increased SNR for clearer images, but also the chance to exchange it for better resolution or faster scans. These possibilities have caused a rapid increase in the market for 3T MRI, where the faster scanning tips an already advantageous economic outlook in favor of the user. As a result, the global market for 3T has grown from a research only market just a few years ago to an ever-increasing clinically oriented customer base. There are, however, significant obstacles to 3T MRI presented by the physics at higher field strengths. For example, the T1 relaxation times are prolonged with increasing magnet field strength. Further, the increased RF-energy deposition (SAR), the larger the chemical shift and the stronger susceptibility effect have to be considered as challenges. It is critical that one looks at both the advantages and disadvantages of using 3T. While there are many issues to address aand a number of different methods for doing so, to properly tackle each of these concerns will take time and effort on the part od researchers and clinicians. The optimization of 3T MRI scanning will have to be a combined effort, though much of the work to date has been in neuroimaging. Multiple applications have been explored in addition to clinical anatomical imaging, where resolution is improved showing structure in the brain never seen before in human MRI. Body and cardiac imaging provide a great challenge but are also achievable at 3T. As an example, the full range of clinical applications currently achieved on today's state-of-the-art 1.5T cardiac MR scanners has also been demonstrated at 3T. In the body, the full range of contrast is available over large fields of view allowing whole liver studies in the clinic or, as needed, one may choose a smaller field of view for high-resolution imaging of the pancreas. The ability to increase resolution for musculoskeletal imaging has provided previously unseen detail. Bone structure, cartilage, and tendons and ligaments can be clearly visualized and pathology more easily detected due to an increased image quality. As the increase in field strength continues, a push to look at 7T has begun. The design philosophy is to keep the system as similar as possible, while changing only the frequency-dependent components. To date, both animal and human imaging have been performed on a whole body 7T scanner. Results show promise for both detailed imaging and functional MRI, but the road ahead is too long to be able to predict where it will end. The move toward higher field strengths is an exciting adventure in which 3T plays the role of trailblazer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schmitt
- Siemens Medical Solutions, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the cleanliness of the latrine and its relation to occurrence of disease in children under 5 years old. A stratified random sample of 1327 households was conducted in 11 villages in Upper Egypt. It included a sub-sample of 541 children under 5 years living in households with latrines. The latrine cleanliness was assessed and its relationship to disease occurrence within a period of 2 weeks. Thirty-three percent (33.1%) of children under 5 years old with latrines in their household had infections, compared to 28.3% of those without latrines in the house. Infection with diarrhoea was found most in houses with latrine and water tap. A relation was found between latrine cleanliness score and presence of flies, house building material and maternal education, but none with occurrence of infection in children under 5 years old within a period of 2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Galal
- Faculty of Medicine, Medinet Nasr, Cairo, Egypt.
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Salem K, Mulji A, Lonn E. Echocardiographically guided pericardiocentesis - the gold standard for the management of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Can J Cardiol 1999; 15:1251-5. [PMID: 10579740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conventional surgical pericardiotomy and blind needle-puncture pericardiocentesis using a subxiphoid approach have been reported to have only moderate success rates and to be associated with unacceptably high rates of morbidity and mortality. More recently, echocardiographically guided pericardiocentesis was reported to improve considerably the likelihood of success and the safety of this procedure. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of echocardiographically guided pericardiocentesis in the authors' institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS A series of consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous pericardiocentesis at the Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, from June 1994 to December 1998. RESULTS Forty-one patients underwent a total of 46 echocardiographically guided pericardiocentesis procedures. The procedure was successful in 100% of attempts. Clinical complications occurred in two (5%) patients: one patient with known coagulopathy developed hemothorax and one patient developed purulent pericarditis several days after the procedure. There were no deaths, and no patient required urgent referral for surgical management. CONCLUSIONS Echocardiographically guided pericardiocentesis is safe and effective, and is the method of choice for therapeutic and diagnostic drainage of pericardial effusions. While echocardiographically guided pericardiocentesis was described originally at centres with large volumes of patients with clinically significant pericardial effusions and with extensive experience in using this technique, similar high success and low complication rates were attained at an institution with relatively low numbers of patients requiring pericardial drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Salem
- Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Ali-Shtayeh MS, Yaghmour RM, Faidi YR, Salem K, Al-Nuri MA. Antimicrobial activity of 20 plants used in folkloric medicine in the Palestinian area. J Ethnopharmacol 1998; 60:265-271. [PMID: 9613839 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(97)00153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of 20 Palestinian plant species used in folk medicine were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against five bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one yeast (Candida albicans). The plants showed 90% of antimicrobial activity, with significant difference in activity between the different plants. The most antimicrobially active plants were Phagnalon rupestre and Micromeria nervosa, whereas, the least active plant was Ziziphus spina-christi. Only ten of the tested plant extracts were active against C. albicans, with the most active from M. nervosa and Inula viscosa and the least active from Ruscus aculeatus. Of all extracts the ethanolic extract of M. nervosa was the most active, whereas, the aqueous extract of Phagnalon rupestre was the most active of all aqueous extracts tested. The ethanolic extracts (70%) showed activity against both Gram positive and negative bacteria and 40% of these extracts showed anticandidal activity, whereas, 50% of the aqueous extracts showed antibacterial activity and 20% of these extracts showed anticandidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ali-Shtayeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Area
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