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Schichler D, Konle A, Spath EM, Riegler S, Klein A, Seleznev A, Jung S, Wuppermann T, Wetterich N, Borges A, Meyer-Natus E, Havlicek K, Pérez Cabrera S, Niedermüller K, Sajko S, Dohn M, Malzer X, Riemer E, Tumurbaatar T, Djinovic-Carugo K, Dong G, Janzen CJ, Morriswood B. Characterisation of TbSmee1 suggests endocytosis allows surface-bound cargo to enter the trypanosome flagellar pocket. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261548. [PMID: 37737012 PMCID: PMC10652038 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
All endocytosis and exocytosis in the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei occurs at a single subdomain of the plasma membrane. This subdomain, the flagellar pocket, is a small vase-shaped invagination containing the root of the single flagellum of the cell. Several cytoskeleton-associated multiprotein complexes are coiled around the neck of the flagellar pocket on its cytoplasmic face. One of these, the hook complex, was proposed to affect macromolecule entry into the flagellar pocket lumen. In previous work, knockdown of T. brucei (Tb)MORN1, a hook complex component, resulted in larger cargo being unable to enter the flagellar pocket. In this study, the hook complex component TbSmee1 was characterised in bloodstream form T. brucei and found to be essential for cell viability. TbSmee1 knockdown resulted in flagellar pocket enlargement and impaired access to the flagellar pocket membrane by surface-bound cargo, similar to depletion of TbMORN1. Unexpectedly, inhibition of endocytosis by knockdown of clathrin phenocopied TbSmee1 knockdown, suggesting that endocytic activity itself is a prerequisite for the entry of surface-bound cargo into the flagellar pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daja Schichler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Konle
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Spath
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sina Riegler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Klein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Seleznev
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sisco Jung
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timothy Wuppermann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Noah Wetterich
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alyssa Borges
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Meyer-Natus
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Havlicek
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Korbinian Niedermüller
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sara Sajko
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Dohn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xenia Malzer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emily Riemer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tuguldur Tumurbaatar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Djinovic-Carugo
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gang Dong
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian J. Janzen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Brooke Morriswood
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Broster Reix CE, Florimond C, Cayrel A, Mailhé A, Agnero-Rigot C, Landrein N, Dacheux D, Havlicek K, Bonhivers M, Morriswood B, Robinson DR. Bhalin, an Essential Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein of Trypanosoma brucei Linking TbBILBO1 of the Flagellar Pocket Collar with the Hook Complex. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112334. [PMID: 34835460 PMCID: PMC8623173 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In most trypanosomes, endo and exocytosis only occur at a unique organelle called the flagellar pocket (FP) and the flagellum exits the cell via the FP. Investigations of essential cytoskeleton-associated structures located at this site have revealed a number of essential proteins. The protein TbBILBO1 is located at the neck of the FP in a structure called the flagellar pocket collar (FPC) and is essential for biogenesis of the FPC and parasite survival. TbMORN1 is a protein that is present on a closely linked structure called the hook complex (HC) and is located anterior to and overlapping the collar. TbMORN1 is essential in the bloodstream form of T. brucei. We now describe the location and function of BHALIN, an essential, new FPC-HC protein. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we show that a newly characterised protein, BHALIN (BILBO1 Hook Associated LINker protein), is localised to both the FPC and HC and has a TbBILBO1 binding domain, which was confirmed in vitro. Knockdown of BHALIN by RNAi in the bloodstream form parasites led to cell death, indicating an essential role in cell viability. Conclusions/Significance: Our results demonstrate the essential role of a newly characterised hook complex protein, BHALIN, that influences flagellar pocket organisation and function in bloodstream form T. brucei parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Broster Reix
- Protist Parasite Cytoskeleton (ProParaCyto) Group, CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.E.B.R.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (A.M.); (C.A.-R.); (N.L.); (D.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Célia Florimond
- Protist Parasite Cytoskeleton (ProParaCyto) Group, CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.E.B.R.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (A.M.); (C.A.-R.); (N.L.); (D.D.); (M.B.)
- Laboratory of Parasitology, National Reference Center for Malaria, WHO Collaborative Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Anne Cayrel
- Protist Parasite Cytoskeleton (ProParaCyto) Group, CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.E.B.R.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (A.M.); (C.A.-R.); (N.L.); (D.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Amélie Mailhé
- Protist Parasite Cytoskeleton (ProParaCyto) Group, CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.E.B.R.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (A.M.); (C.A.-R.); (N.L.); (D.D.); (M.B.)
- Société Fromagère de Saint Affrique, Camaras, 12400 Saint-Affrique, France
| | - Corentin Agnero-Rigot
- Protist Parasite Cytoskeleton (ProParaCyto) Group, CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.E.B.R.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (A.M.); (C.A.-R.); (N.L.); (D.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Nicolas Landrein
- Protist Parasite Cytoskeleton (ProParaCyto) Group, CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.E.B.R.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (A.M.); (C.A.-R.); (N.L.); (D.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Denis Dacheux
- Protist Parasite Cytoskeleton (ProParaCyto) Group, CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.E.B.R.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (A.M.); (C.A.-R.); (N.L.); (D.D.); (M.B.)
- Enstbb, École Nationale Supérieure de Technologie des Biomolécules de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Katharina Havlicek
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Mélanie Bonhivers
- Protist Parasite Cytoskeleton (ProParaCyto) Group, CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.E.B.R.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (A.M.); (C.A.-R.); (N.L.); (D.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Brooke Morriswood
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Derrick R. Robinson
- Protist Parasite Cytoskeleton (ProParaCyto) Group, CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, University of Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.E.B.R.); (C.F.); (A.C.); (A.M.); (C.A.-R.); (N.L.); (D.D.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Janesch P, Rouha H, Badarau A, Stulik L, Mirkina I, Caccamo M, Havlicek K, Maierhofer B, Weber S, Groß K, Steinhäuser J, Zerbs M, Varga C, Dolezilkova I, Maier S, Zauner G, Nielson N, Power CA, Nagy E. Assessing the function of pneumococcal neuraminidases NanA, NanB and NanC in in vitro and in vivo lung infection models using monoclonal antibodies. Virulence 2019; 9:1521-1538. [PMID: 30289054 PMCID: PMC6177239 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1520545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates express up to three neuraminidases (sialidases), NanA, NanB and NanC, all of which cleave the terminal sialic acid of glycan-structures that decorate host cell surfaces. Most research has focused on the role of NanA with limited investigations evaluating the roles of all three neuraminidases in host-pathogen interactions. We generated two highly potent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), one that blocks the enzymatic activity of NanA and one cross-neutralizing NanB and NanC. Total neuraminidase activity of clinical S. pneumoniae isolates could be inhibited by this mAb combination in enzymatic assays. To detect desialylation of cell surfaces by pneumococcal neuraminidases, primary human tracheal/bronchial mucocilial epithelial tissues were infected with S. pneumoniae and stained with peanut lectin. Simultaneous targeting of the neuraminidases was required to prevent desialylation, suggesting that inhibition of NanA alone is not sufficient to preserve terminal lung glycans. Importantly, we also found that all three neuraminidases increased the interaction of S. pneumoniae with human airway epithelial cells. Lectin-staining of lung tissues of mice pre-treated with mAbs before intranasal challenge with S. pneumoniae confirmed that both anti-NanA and anti-NanBC mAbs were required to effectively block desialylation of the respiratory epithelium in vivo. Despite this, no effect on survival, reduction in pulmonary bacterial load, or significant changes in cytokine responses were observed. This suggests that neuraminidases have no pivotal role in this murine pneumonia model that is induced by high bacterial challenge inocula and does not progress from colonization as it happens in the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karin Groß
- a Arsanis Biosciences , Vienna , Austria
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Rihova L, Havlicek K. Specifics of price marketing controlling and pricing of products with small and medium-sized family enterprises. MMI 2017. [DOI: 10.21272/mmi.2017.2-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Demmel L, Schmidt K, Lucast L, Havlicek K, Zankel A, Koestler T, Reithofer V, de Camilli P, Warren G. The endocytic activity of the flagellar pocket in Trypanosoma brucei is regulated by an adjacent phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2285. [PMID: 27252358 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.191569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Demmel L, Schmidt K, Lucast L, Havlicek K, Zankel A, Koestler T, Reithofer V, de Camilli P, Warren G. The endocytic activity of the flagellar pocket in Trypanosoma brucei is regulated by an adjacent phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2351-64. [PMID: 24639465 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.146894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are spatially restricted membrane signaling molecules. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]--a phosphoinositide that is highly enriched in, and present throughout, the plasma membrane--has been implicated in endocytosis. Trypanosoma brucei has one of the highest known rates of endocytosis, a process it uses to evade the immune system. To determine whether phosphoinositides play a role in endocytosis in this organism, we have identified and characterized one of the enzymes that is responsible for generating PI(4,5)P2. Surprisingly, this phosphoinositide was found to be highly concentrated in the flagellar pocket, the only site of endocytosis and exocytosis in this organism. The enzyme (designated TbPIPKA, annotated as Tb927.10.1620) was present at the neck of the pocket, towards the anterior-end of the parasite. Depletion of TbPIPKA led to depletion of PI(4,5)P2 and enlargement of the pocket, the result of impaired endocytosis. Taken together, these data suggest that TbPIPKA and its product PI(4,5)P2 are important for endocytosis and, consequently, for homeostasis of the flagellar pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Demmel
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure Research, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Louise Lucast
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Katharina Havlicek
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Zankel
- Institute for Electron Microscopy, Graz University of Technology and Center for Electron Microscopy Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tina Koestler
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Reithofer
- University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Department of Biomedical Analytics, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Pietro de Camilli
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Graham Warren
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Havlicek K, Cervinka V, Sakra L, Motycka V, Mencl K. Preemptive antimycotic treatment in critically ill patients in the Czech Republic. Int Surg 2008; 93:244-246. [PMID: 19731862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Candida afflictions in critically ill patients is still growing in the Czech Republic. We looked for a method that not only decreases Candida afflictions but also decreases treatment expenses. This method is preemptive therapy. Critically ill patients were determined by a risk score system. This system was based on summarizing all the risk factors in one patient. Patients who reach the risk score were randomized into groups A and B. Patients in group A were administered itraconazole; patients in group B were not administered any antimycotics. Results of the study show that preemptive treatment decreases Candida infection and Candidemia. A decrease of treatment expenses was reached by identifying the specific group of patients at risk using the risk score system and administering antimycotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Havlicek
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Studies, Pardubice General Hospital, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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