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Rokos A, Mišić B, Berkun K, Duclos C, Tarnal V, Janke E, Picton P, Golmirzaie G, Basner M, Avidan MS, Kelz MB, Mashour GA, Blain-Moraes S. Distinct and Dissociable EEG Networks Are Associated With Recovery of Cognitive Function Following Anesthesia-Induced Unconsciousness. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:706693. [PMID: 34594193 PMCID: PMC8477048 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.706693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The temporal trajectories and neural mechanisms of recovery of cognitive function after a major perturbation of consciousness is of both clinical and neuroscientific interest. The purpose of the present study was to investigate network-level changes in functional brain connectivity associated with the recovery and return of six cognitive functions after general anesthesia. High-density electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded from healthy volunteers undergoing a clinically relevant anesthesia protocol (propofol induction and isoflurane maintenance), and age-matched healthy controls. A battery of cognitive tests (motor praxis, visual object learning test, fractal-2-back, abstract matching, psychomotor vigilance test, digital symbol substitution test) was administered at baseline, upon recovery of consciousness (ROC), and at half-hour intervals up to 3 h following ROC. EEG networks were derived using the strength of functional connectivity measured through the weighted phase lag index (wPLI). A partial least squares (PLS) analysis was conducted to assess changes in these networks: (1) between anesthesia and control groups; (2) during the 3-h recovery from anesthesia; and (3) for each cognitive test during recovery from anesthesia. Networks were maximally perturbed upon ROC but returned to baseline 30-60 min following ROC, despite deficits in cognitive performance that persisted up to 3 h following ROC. Additionally, during recovery from anesthesia, cognitive tests conducted at the same time-point activated distinct and dissociable functional connectivity networks across all frequency bands. The results highlight that the return of cognitive function after anesthetic-induced unconsciousness is task-specific, with unique behavioral and brain network trajectories of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rokos
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bratislav Mišić
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Catherine Duclos
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vijay Tarnal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ellen Janke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Paul Picton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Goodarz Golmirzaie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mathias Basner
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael S. Avidan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, WA, United States
| | - Max B. Kelz
- Deparment of Anesthesiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - George A. Mashour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stefanie Blain-Moraes
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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