1
|
Takeguchi M, Hashimoto A, Mitsuishi K. Depth sectioning using environmental and atomic-resolution STEM. Microscopy (Oxf) 2024; 73:145-153. [PMID: 38252480 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
(Scanning) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of samples in gas and liquid media are acquired with an environmental cell (EC) via silicon nitride membranes. The ratio of sample signal against the background is a significant factor for resolution. Depth-sectioning scanning TEM (STEM) is a promising technique that enhances the signal for a sample embedded in a matrix. It can increase the resolution to the atomic level, thereby enabling EC-STEM applications in important areas. This review introduces depth-sectioning STEM and its applications to high-resolution EC-STEM imaging of samples in gases and in liquids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takeguchi
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Ayako Hashimoto
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakazawa K, Mitsuishi K. Development of temporal series 4D-STEM and application to relaxation time measurement. Microscopy (Oxf) 2023; 72:446-449. [PMID: 36639934 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffraction patterns contain useful information about the materials. Recent developments in four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy and the acquisition of the spatial distribution of diffraction patterns have produced significant results. The acquisition of a temporal series of diffractions is achieved for a stationary beam. However, the acquisition of spatiotemporal distribution of diffraction patterns has only been established under limited conditions. In this study, we developed a simple method that enables the recording of the spatiotemporal distribution of diffraction patterns and applied it to the relaxation time measurement that is robust to sample drift.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Nakazawa
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yamada H, Ito T, Nakamura T, Bekarevich R, Mitsuishi K, Kammampata SP, Thangadurai V. High Cathode Loading and Low-Temperature Operating Garnet-Based All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries - Material/Process/Architecture Optimization and Understanding of Cell Failure. Small 2023; 19:e2301904. [PMID: 37118860 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are prepared using garnet-type solid electrolytes by quick liquid phase sintering (Q-LPS) without applying high pressure during the sintering. The cathode layers are quickly sintered with a heating rate of 50-100 K min-1 and a dwell time of 10 min. The battery performance is dramatically improved by simultaneously optimizing materials, processes, and architectures, and the initial discharge capacity of the cell with a LiCoO2 -loading of 8.1 mg reaches 1 mAh cm-2 and 130 mAh g-1 at 25 °C. The all-solid-state cell exhibits capacity at a reduced temperature (10 °C) or a relatively high rate (0.1 C) compared to the previous reports. The Q-LPS would be suitable for large-scale manufacturing of ASSLBs. The multiphysics analyses indicate that the internal stress reaches 1 GPa during charge/discharge, which would induce several mechanical failures of the cells: broken electron networks, broken ion networks, separation of interfaces, and delamination of layers. The experimental results also support these failures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nakamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan
| | - Raman Bekarevich
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Takeguchi M, Takei T, Mitsuishi K. The Atomic Observation of the Structural Change Process in Pt Networks in Air Using Environmental Cell Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2170. [PMID: 37570487 PMCID: PMC10421239 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The structural change in Pt networks composed of multiple chain connections among grains was observed in air at 1 atm using atomic-resolution environmental cell scanning transmission electron microscopy. An aberration-corrected incident electron probe with a wide convergence angle made it possible to increase the depth resolution that contributes to enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of Pt network samples in air in an environmental cell, resulting in the achievement of atomic-resolution imaging. The exposure of the Pt networks to gas molecules under Brownian motion, stimulated by electron beams in the air, increases the collision probability between gas molecules and Pt networks, and the Pt networks are more intensely stressed from all directions than in a situation without electron irradiation. By increasing the electron beam dose rate, the structural change of the Pt networks became significant. Dynamic observation on an atomic scale suggested that the structural change of the networks was not attributed to the surface atomic-diffusion-induced step motion but mainly caused by the movement and deformation of unstable grains and grain boundaries. The oxidized surface layers may be one of the factors hindering the surface atomic step motion, mitigating the change in the size of the grains and grain boundaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takeguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan; (T.T.); (K.M.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sakakura M, Mitsuishi K, Okumura T, Ishigaki N, Iriyama Y. Fabrication of Oxide-Based All-Solid-State Batteries by a Sintering Process Based on Function Sharing of Solid Electrolytes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:48547-48557. [PMID: 36191087 PMCID: PMC9635363 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ) has advantages of stability with Li metal and high Li+ ionic conductivity, achieving 1 × 10-3 S cm-1, but it is prone to react with electrode active materials during the sintering process. LISICON-type Li3.5Ge0.5V0.5O4 (LGVO) has the advantage of less reactivity with the electrode active material during the sintering process, but its ionic conductivity is on the order of 10-5 S cm-1. In this study, these two solid electrolytes are combined as a multilayer solid electrolyte sheet, where 2 μm thick LGVO films are coated on LLZ sheets to utilize the advantages of these two solid electrolytes. These two solid electrolytes adhere well through Ge diffusion without significant interfacial resistance. The LLZ-LGVO multilayer is combined with a LiCoO2 positive electrode and a lithium metal anode through annealing at 700 °C. The resultant all-solid-state battery can undergo repeated charge-discharge reactions for over 100 cycles at 25 or 60 °C. The LGVO coating suppresses the increases in the resistance from the solid electrolyte and interfacial resistance induced by annealing by ca. 1/40. As with sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries, function sharing of solid electrolytes will be a promising method for developing advanced oxide-based all-solid-state batteries through a sintering process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Sakakura
- Department
of Materials Design Innovation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- Research
Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Toyoki Okumura
- Research
Institute of Electrochemical Energy, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Norikazu Ishigaki
- Department
of Materials Design Innovation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Iriyama
- Department
of Materials Design Innovation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li X, Mitsuishi K, Takeguchi M. Effect of Amorphous Carbon Coating on the Performance of Liquid Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy (LP-TEM) and the Dynamics of Enclosed Pt Nano-Colloids. Microscopy (Oxf) 2022; 71:181-186. [PMID: 35274727 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-thin silicon nitride (SiN) membranes are critical in microfabrication-based liquid cells (LCs) for transmission electron microscopy. This study used a homemade LC with a 50-nm SiN membrane to study the dynamics of 2.58-nm platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) in approximately 200-nm deep water. When a strong beam with electron flux ranging from 2.5 × 103 to 1.4 ×106 e-/(nm2·s) was applied to resolve the NPs, the beam caused NP aggregation and even drilled a hole on the top membrane. The hole drilling was prevented by coating a 1-4-nm-thick amorphous carbon layer on both sides of the membrane. The NP aggregation rate also decreased with increasing carbon thickness. After overcoming the aforementioned issues, lattice fringes of the Pt NPs were visible when the NPs were attached to the membrane of the 4-nm-carbon-coated LC containing a thin liquid layer. The effects of the electron beam and carbon on the LC and Pt NPs were investigated and discussed. This work provides a reference for LC-TEM research using strong electron beams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Li
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis Station, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis Station, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Masaki Takeguchi
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis Station, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wen Y, Abe H, Mitsuishi K, Hashimoto A. Tracking the emergence of epitaxial metal-oxide interfaces from precursor alloys. Nanoscale 2021; 13:18987-18995. [PMID: 34522917 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03492h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterointerfaces with an epitaxial relationship, self-assembled nanocomposites of Pt(111)/CeO2(111) 60°, were successfully formed by simple oxidation of Pt5Ce alloy. Oxygen dissolution into the alloy causes spacial periodic compositional perturbation by atomic segregation, specifically, by local diffusion of Pt and Ce atoms. A striped pattern of Pt and CeO2 with a 4-5 nm periodicity formed through phase transformation of the Pt-rich alloy and oxidation of the Ce-rich alloy, respectively. Notably, a fully epitaxial relationship between the Pt and CeO2 phases was observed even in the initial stage. With continued annealing, the crystals rotated into an energetically favorable orientation with respect to the remaining (111)Pt//(111)CeO2. The alloy oxidation and its resulting nanoscale phase-separation behavior were verified in an ex situ annealing experiment of an alloy specimen, which had been first thinned by a focused ion beam. Changing the oxygen partial pressure to the reaction interface may alter the orientation relationship between the hexagonal close-packed Pt5Ce structure and face-centered cubic Pt/CeO2 structure, thereby altering the growth direction of the separated phases. These findings present a pathway for the self-assembly of epitaxial Pt(111)/CeO2(111) interface and are expected to assist the structural design of metal-oxide nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wen
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hideki Abe
- CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimookubo, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan.
| | - Ayako Hashimoto
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- PREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li X, Mitsuishi K, Takeguchi M. Fabrication of a liquid cell for in situ transmission electron microscopy. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 70:327-332. [PMID: 33320203 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) enables imaging of dynamic processes in liquid with high spatial and temporal resolution. The widely used liquid cell (LC) consists of two stacking microchips with a thin wet sample sandwiched between them. The vertically overlapped electron-transparent membrane windows on the microchips provide passage for the electron beam. However, microchips with imprecise dimensions usually cause poor alignment of the windows and difficulty in acquiring high-quality images. In this study, we developed a new and efficient microchip fabrication process for LCTEM with a large viewing area (180 µm × 40 µm) and evaluated the resultant LC. The new positioning reference marks on the surface of the Si wafer dramatically improve the precision of dicing the wafer, making it possible to accurately align the windows on two stacking microchips. The precise alignment led to a liquid thickness of 125.6 nm close to the edge of the viewing area. The performance of our LC was demonstrated by in situ transmission electron microscopy imaging of the dynamic motions of 2-nm Pt particles. This versatile and cost-effective microchip production method can be used to fabricate other types of microchips for in situ electron microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis Station, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tsuchiya T, Takayanagi M, Mitsuishi K, Imura M, Ueda S, Koide Y, Higuchi T, Terabe K. The electric double layer effect and its strong suppression at Li + solid electrolyte/hydrogenated diamond interfaces. Commun Chem 2021; 4:117. [PMID: 36697812 PMCID: PMC9814946 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The electric double layer (EDL) effect at solid electrolyte/electrode interfaces has been a key topic in many energy and nanoelectronics applications (e.g., all-solid-state Li+ batteries and memristors). However, its characterization remains difficult in comparison with liquid electrolytes. Herein, we use a novel method to show that the EDL effect, and its suppression at solid electrolyte/electronic material interfaces, can be characterized on the basis of the electric conduction characteristics of hydrogenated diamond(H-diamond)-based EDL transistors (EDLTs). Whereas H-diamond-based EDLT with a Li-Si-Zr-O Li+ solid electrolyte showed EDL-induced hole density modulation over a range of up to three orders of magnitude, EDLT with a Li-La-Ti-O (LLTO) Li+ solid electrolyte showed negligible enhancement, which indicates strong suppression of the EDL effect. Such suppression is attributed to charge neutralization in the LLTO, which is due to variation in the valence state of the Ti ions present. The method described is useful for quantitatively evaluating the EDL effect in various solid electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsuchiya
- grid.21941.3f0000 0001 0789 6880International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Makoto Takayanagi
- grid.21941.3f0000 0001 0789 6880International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan ,grid.143643.70000 0001 0660 6861Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- grid.21941.3f0000 0001 0789 6880Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, NIMS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Masataka Imura
- grid.21941.3f0000 0001 0789 6880Research Center for Functional Materials, NIMS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Shigenori Ueda
- grid.21941.3f0000 0001 0789 6880Research Center for Functional Materials, NIMS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan ,grid.472717.0Synchrotron X-ray Station at SPring-8, NIMS, Sayo, Hyogo Japan
| | - Yasuo Koide
- grid.21941.3f0000 0001 0789 6880Research Network and Facility Services Division, NIMS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tohru Higuchi
- grid.143643.70000 0001 0660 6861Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuya Terabe
- grid.21941.3f0000 0001 0789 6880International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Takazawa K, Inoue JI, Mitsuishi K, Yoshida Y, Kishida H, Tinnemans P, Engelkamp H, Christianen PCM. Phase-transition-induced jumping, bending, and wriggling of single crystal nanofibers of coronene. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3175. [PMID: 33542387 PMCID: PMC7862269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, it has been reported that some organic crystals suddenly crack, break, or jump when they are heated from room temperature. Recently, such crystals have been intensively studied both in fundamental science and for high-speed mechanical device applications. According to these studies, the sudden crystal motions have been attributed to structural phase transitions induced by heating. Stress created by the phase transition is released through the sudden and rapid motion of the crystals. Here we report that single crystal nanofibers of coronene exhibit a new type of ultrafast motion when they are cooled from room temperature and subsequently heated to room temperature. The nanofibers make centimeter-scale jumps accompanied by surprisingly unique behaviors such as sharp bending and wriggling. We found that the motions are caused by a significantly fast structural phase transition between two polymorphs of coronene. A theoretical investigation revealed that the sudden force generated by the phase transition together with the nanoscale dimensions and elastic properties create dynamical instability in the nanofibers that results in the motions. Our finding demonstrates the novel mechanism that leads to ultrafast, large deformation of organic crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takazawa
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0003, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Inoue
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Hideo Kishida
- Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Department of Solid State Chemistry, Radboud University, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Engelkamp
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C M Christianen
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML-EMFL), Radboud University, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Murakami K, Igari T, Mitsuishi K, Nagao M, Sasaki M, Yamada Y. Highly Monochromatic Electron Emission from Graphene/Hexagonal Boron Nitride/Si Heterostructure. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:4061-4067. [PMID: 31880426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a planar electron emission device based on a graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)/n-Si heterostructure is fabricated to realize highly monochromatic electron emission from a flat surface. The h-BN layer is used as an insulating layer to suppress electron inelastic scattering within the planar electron emission device. The energy spread of the emission device using the h-BN insulating layer is 0.28 eV based on the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), which is comparable to a conventional tungsten field emitter. The characteristic spectral shape of the electron energy distributions reflected the electron distribution in the conduction band of the n-Si substrate. The results indicate that the inelastic scattering of electrons at the insulating layer is drastically suppressed by the h-BN layer. Furthermore, the maximum emission current density reached 2.4 A/cm2, which is comparable to that of a conventional thermal cathode. Thus, the graphene/h-BN heterostructure is a promising material for planar electron emission devices to obtain a highly monochromatic electron beam and a high electron emission current density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Murakami
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 1-1-1 Umezono , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8568 , Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8573 , Japan
| | - Tomoya Igari
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 1-1-1 Umezono , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8568 , Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8573 , Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-2-1 Sengen , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0047 , Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nagao
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 1-1-1 Umezono , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8568 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Sasaki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8573 , Japan
| | - Yoichi Yamada
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , 1-1-1 Tennodai , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8573 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kumar A, Mitsuishi K, Hara T, Kimoto K, Irokawa Y, Nabatame T, Takashima S, Ueno K, Edo M, Koide Y. Comparative Analysis of Defects in Mg-Implanted and Mg-Doped GaN Layers on Freestanding GaN Substrates. Nanoscale Res Lett 2018; 13:403. [PMID: 30539346 PMCID: PMC6289933 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inefficient Mg-induced p-type doping has been remained a major obstacle in the development of GaN-based electronic devices for solid-state lighting and power applications. This study reports comparative structural analysis of defects in GaN layers on freestanding GaN substrates where Mg incorporation is carried out via two approaches: ion implantation and epitaxial doping. Scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed the existence of pyramidal and line defects only in Mg-implanted sample whereas Mg-doped sample did not show presence of these defects which suggests that nature of defects depends upon incorporation method. From secondary ion mass spectrometry, a direct correspondence is observed between Mg concentrations and location and type of these defects. Our investigations suggest that these pyramidal and line defects are Mg-rich species and their formation may lead to reduced free hole densities which is still a major concern for p-GaN-based material and devices. As freestanding GaN substrates offer a platform for realization of p-n junction-based vertical devices, comparative structural investigation of defects originated due to different Mg incorporation processes in GaN layers on such substrates is likely to give more insight towards understanding Mg self-compensation mechanisms and then optimizing Mg doping and/or implantation process for the advancement of GaN-based device technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047 Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047 Japan
| | - Toru Hara
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047 Japan
| | - Koji Kimoto
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Irokawa
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047 Japan
| | - Toshihide Nabatame
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047 Japan
| | | | | | - Masaharu Edo
- Fuji Electric Co., Ltd., Hino, Tokyo, 191-8502 Japan
| | - Yasuo Koide
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ohtake A, Mano T, Mitsuishi K, Sakuma Y. Strain Relaxation in GaSb/GaAs(111)A Heteroepitaxy Using Thin InAs Interlayers. ACS Omega 2018; 3:15592-15597. [PMID: 31458215 PMCID: PMC6643550 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have systematically studied the strain relaxation processes in GaSb heteroepitaxy on GaAs(111)A using thin InAs interlayers. The growth with 1 ML- and 2 ML-InAs leads to formation of an InAsSb-like layer, which induces tensile strain in GaSb films, whereas the GaSb films grown with thicker InAs layers (≥3 ML) are under compressive strain. As the InAs thickness is increased above 5 ML, the insertion of the InAs layer becomes less effective in the strain relaxation, leaving residual strain in GaSb films. This leads to the elastic deformation of the GaSb lattice, giving rise to the increase in the peak width of X-ray rocking curves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ohtake
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National
Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mano
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National
Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- Research
Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sakuma
- Research
Center for Functional Materials, National
Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ishizuka A, Mitsuishi K, Ishizuka K. Direct observation of curvature of the wave surface in transmission electron microscope using transport intensity equation. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 194:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Sakabe J, Ohta N, Ohnishi T, Mitsuishi K, Takada K. Porous amorphous silicon film anodes for high-capacity and stable all-solid-state lithium batteries. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-018-0026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
16
|
Kosar S, Pihosh Y, Bekarevich R, Mitsuishi K, Mawatari K, Kazoe Y, Kitamori T, Tosa M, Tarasov AB, Goodilin EA, Struk YM, Kondo M, Turkevych I. Highly efficient photocatalytic conversion of solar energy to hydrogen by WO3/BiVO4 core–shell heterojunction nanorods. Appl Nanosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
17
|
Bekarevich R, Mitsuishi K, Ohnishi T, Uesugi F, Takeguchi M, Inaguma Y, Ohno T, Takada K. Two-dimensional Gaussian fitting for precise measurement of lattice constant deviation from a selected-area diffraction map. Microscopy (Oxf) 2018; 67:i142-i149. [PMID: 29253238 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfx121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike X-ray diffraction or Raman techniques, which suffer from low spatial resolution, transmission electron microscopy can be used to obtain strain maps of nanoscaled materials and devices. Convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) and nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED) techniques detect the deviation of a lattice constant (i.e. an indicator of strain) within 0.01%; however, their use is restricted to beam-insensitive samples. Selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) does not have such limitations but has low spatial resolution and precision. The use of a spherical aberration corrector and a nanosized selected-area aperture improves the spatial resolution, but the precision is still low. In this study, a two-dimensional stage-scanning system is used to acquire arrays of diffraction patterns at different positions of the sample under fixed beam conditions. Data processing with iterative nonlinear least-squares fitting enabled the spot displacement for each point of the scan area to be measured with precision comparable to that of the CBED or NBED technique. The precise strain determination, in combination with the simplicity of the measurement process, makes the nanosized SAED technique competitive with other methods for strain mapping at nanoscale dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raman Bekarevich
- Global Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials Science (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-0044, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- Global Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials Science (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization (RCAMC), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan.,Transmission Electron Microscopy Station, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohnishi
- Global Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials Science (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,Environment and Energy Materials Division, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Uesugi
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Station, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-0047Japan
| | - Masaki Takeguchi
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Station, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-0047Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Inaguma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo171-8588, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ohno
- Global Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials Science (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,Environment and Energy Materials Division, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kazunori Takada
- Global Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials Science (GREEN), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,Environment and Energy Materials Division, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Morioka D, Nose T, Chikuta T, Mitsuishi K, Shimojo M. Fixation mechanisms of nanoparticles on substrates by electron beam irradiation. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:1523-1529. [PMID: 28884057 PMCID: PMC5550797 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For applications such as the fabrication of plasmonic waveguides we developed a patterning technique to fabricate an array of nanoparticles on a substrate using focused electron beams (Noriki, T.; Abe, S.;.Kajikawa, K.; Shimojo, M. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.2015,6, 1010-1015). This technique consists of three steps: Firstly, nanoparticles are placed over the entire surface of a substrate. Secondly, the nanoparticles are fixed on the substrate by focused electron beam irradiation. The electron beam decomposes the organic molecules located around the particle into amorphous carbon. The amorphous carbon immobilizes the particle on the substrate. Finally, the unfixed nanoparticles are removed. However, in this original technique, the area in which the nanoparticles were fixed was wider than the electron-probe size of a few nanometers. To understand this widening mechanisms, the effects of accelerating voltage, particle size and substrate material are investigated by means of both experiments and simulation. It is demonstrated that the fixing area is greatly affected by the electrons back-scattered by the substrate. The back-scattering leads to an increase in line width and thus reduces the resolution of this patterning technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Morioka
- Department of Materials Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nose
- Department of Materials Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Taiki Chikuta
- Department of Materials Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojo
- Department of Materials Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lei D, Mitsuishi K, Ohnishi T, Watanabe K, Ohno T, Takeguchi M, Takada K. B12-P-03In-situ transmission electron microscopy studies of all-solid-state rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Microscopy (Oxf) 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfv223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
20
|
Makise K, Mitsuishi K, Shimojo M, Shinozaki B. Microstructural analysis and transport properties of MoO and MoC nanostructures prepared by focused electron beam-induced deposition. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5740. [PMID: 25033894 PMCID: PMC4102898 DOI: 10.1038/srep05740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
By electron-beam-induced deposition, we have succeeded in the direct fabrication of nanowires of molybdenum oxide (MoOx) and molybdenum carbide (MoC) on a SiO2 substrate set in a scanning electron microscope. In order to prepare MoOx specimens of high purity, a precursor gas of molybdenum hexacarbonyl [Mo(CO)6] is used, mixed with oxygen gas. On the other hand, MoC is grown by mixing H2O gas with the precursor gas. The electrical transport properties of the nanowires are investigated by the DC four-terminal method. A highly resistive MoOx nanowire prepared from an as-deposited specimen by annealing in air shows nonlinear current-voltage characteristics and a high photoconductivity. The resistivity ρ of an as-deposited amorphous MoC (a-MoC) nanowire takes its maximum at a temperature T ≈ 10 K and decreases to ≈ 0 with decreasing temperature. This behavior of ρ(T) indicates the possible occurrence of superconductivity in a-MoC nanowires. The characteristic of ρ(T) below the superconducting transition temperature Tc ≈ 4 K can be well explained by the quantum phase-slip model with a coherence length ξ(0) ≈ 8 nm at T = 0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Makise
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 588-2 Iwaoka, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2492, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- Surface Physics and Structure Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba 305-0003, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Bunju Shinozaki
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
To fabricate organic nanofibers that function as active optical waveguides with semiconductor properties, a facile procedure was developed to grow single crystalline nanofibers via π-π stacking of the polycyclic aromatic molecule, coronene, through solution evaporation on a substrate. The fabricated nanofibers with millimeter-scale lengths have well-defined shapes, smooth surfaces, and low-defect structures. The nanofibers are demonstrated to function as efficient active waveguides that propagate their fluorescence (FL) along the fiber axis over their entire length. We further demonstrate that the nanofibers can be highly aligned on the substrate when solution evaporation is conducted in a magnetic field of 12 T. The mechanism of the magnetic alignment can be elucidated by considering the anisotropy of the diamagnetic susceptibility of a single coronene molecule and the crystal structure of a nanofiber. Owing to the high degree of alignment, the nanofibers rarely cross each other, allowing for measurement of the waveguiding properties of single isolated nanofibers. The nanofibers propagate their FL of λ > 500 nm with a low propagation loss of 0-3 dB per 100 μm, indicating that the nanofibers function as sub-wavelength scale, low-loss waveguides. Thus, they are promising building blocks for miniaturized optoelectronic circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takazawa
- National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba, 305-0003, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang P, D’Alfonso AJ, Hashimoto A, Morgan AJ, Takeguchi M, Mitsuishi K, Shimojo M, Kirkland AI, Allen LJ, Nellist PD. Contrast in atomically resolved EF-SCEM imaging. Ultramicroscopy 2013; 134:185-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
Takazawa K, Inoue JI, Mitsuishi K. Optical microring resonators constructed from organic dye nanofibers and their application to miniaturized channel drop/add filters. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:6182-6188. [PMID: 23802740 DOI: 10.1021/am4011379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated micrometer-scale optical ring resonators by micromanipulation of thiacyanine (TC) dye nanofibers that propagate exciton polaritons (EPs) along the fiber axis. High mechanical flexibility of the nanofibers and a low bending loss property of EP propagation enabled the fabrication of microring resonators with an average radius (r(ave)) as small as 1.6 μm. The performances of the fabricated resonators (r(ave) = 1.6-8.9 μm) were investigated by spatially resolved microscopy techniques. The Q-factors and finesses were evaluated as Q ≈ 300-3500 and F ≈ 2-12. On the basis of the r(ave)-dependence of resonator performances, we revealed the origin of losses in the resonators. To demonstrate the applicability of the microring resonators to photonic devices, we fabricated a channel drop filter that comprises a ring resonator (r(ave) = 3.9 μm) and an I/O bus channel nanofiber. The device exhibited high extinction ratios (4-6 dB) for its micrometer-scale dimensions. Moreover, we successfully fabricated a channel add filter comprising a ring resonator (r(ave) = 4.3 μm) and two I/O bus channel nanofibers. Our results demonstrated a remarkable potential for the application of TC nanofibers to miniaturized photonic circuit devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takazawa
- National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lei D, Mitsuishi K, Harada K, Shimojo M, Ju D, Takeguchi M. Direct acquisition of interferogram by stage scanning in electron interferometry. Microscopy (Oxf) 2013; 62:563-70. [PMID: 23709762 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dft032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an electron holography technique to acquire an interferogram, that is, cosine image of phase distribution. The interferogram is constructed by shifting the specimen in one direction with a stage-scanning system and acquiring line intensities of holograms. Taking line intensities eliminates the carrier fringes in the holograms and yields the interferogram. Under phase object approximation, the object phase can be readily obtained from the interferogram without any reconstruction procedure. The spatial resolution of phase is determined independently of the fringe spacing, overcoming the limitation of conventional techniques based on the Fourier transformation method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kondo R, Shimizu R, Nomura N, Doi H, Tsutsumi Y, Mitsuishi K, Shimojo M, Noda K, Hanawa T. Effect of cold rolling on the magnetic susceptibility of Zr-14Nb alloy. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:5795-801. [PMID: 23159564 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The magnetic susceptibility of cold-rolled Zr-14Nb was evaluated to apply a new metallic medical device used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The magnetic susceptibility of cold-rolled Zr-14Nb decreased up to the reduction ratio of 30%, then gradually decreased up to the ratio of 90%. Transmission electron microscopic observation revealed the strain-induced formation of ω phase after cold rolling at the reduction ratio of 5%, indicating that the initial decrease in magnetic susceptibility was caused by the formation of the ω phase. The ω phase was saturated at the reduction ratio of 30%. The formation of the ω phase could be explained on the basis of the increase in the Young's modulus and Vickers hardness of cold-rolled Zr-14Nb. The effect of texture formation on these properties was not obvious in the cold-rolled Zr-14Nb. Because of the strain-induced formation of the ω phase, the magnetic susceptibility of Zr-14Nb can be reduced by cold rolling to as low as that of as-cast Zr-9Nb, which is one-third that of Ti and Ti alloys. Therefore, cold-workable Zr-14Nb with low magnetic susceptibility could be a promising alloy for medical devices under MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kondo
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang X, Takeguchi M, Hashimoto A, Mitsuishi K, Tezuka M, Shimojo M. Improvement of depth resolution of ADF-SCEM by deconvolution: effects of electron energy loss and chromatic aberration on depth resolution. Microsc Microanal 2012; 18:603-611. [PMID: 22494464 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927612000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Scanning confocal electron microscopy (SCEM) is a new imaging technique that is capable of depth sectioning with nanometer-scale depth resolution. However, the depth resolution in the optical axis direction (Z) is worse than might be expected on the basis of the vertical electron probe size calculated with the existence of spherical aberration. To investigate the origin of the degradation, the effects of electron energy loss and chromatic aberration on the depth resolution of annular dark-field SCEM were studied through both experiments and computational simulations. The simulation results obtained by taking these two factors into consideration coincided well with those obtained by experiments, which proved that electron energy loss and chromatic aberration cause blurs at the overfocus sides of the Z-direction intensity profiles rather than degrade the depth resolution much. In addition, a deconvolution method using a simulated point spread function, which combined two Gaussian functions, was adopted to process the XZ-slice images obtained both from experiments and simulations. As a result, the blurs induced by energy loss and chromatic aberration were successfully removed, and there was also about 30% improvement in the depth resolution in deconvoluting the experimental XZ-slice image.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang X, Takeguchi M, Hashimoto A, Mitsuishi K, Wang P, Nellist PD, Kirkland AI, Tezuka M, Shimojo M. Three-dimensional observation of SiO2 hollow spheres with a double-shell structure using aberration-corrected scanning confocal electron microscopy. Microscopy (Oxf) 2012; 61:159-69. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfs039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
28
|
Takazawa K, Inoue JI, Mitsuishi K, Takamasu T. Micrometer-scale photonic circuit components based on propagation of exciton polaritons in organic dye nanofibers. Adv Mater 2011; 23:3659-63. [PMID: 21725998 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takazawa
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hashimoto A, Mitsuishi K, Shimojo M, Zhu Y, Takeguchi M. Experimental examination of the characteristics of bright-field scanning confocal electron microscopy images. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 2011; 60:227-234. [PMID: 21486860 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfr013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally examined the characteristics of bright-field (BF) scanning confocal electron microscopy (SCEM) images by changing the observation conditions and comparing the images with those obtained by BF transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and BF scanning TEM (STEM) modes. The observation of 5-nm-diameter Au nanoparticles demonstrated that BF-SCEM produces object elongation of more than 2000 nm along the optical axis, as do BF-TEM and BF-STEM. We demonstrated the relationship between elongation length and geometric effects such as convergence and collection angles of a probe and the lateral size of an object; the relationship is consistent with previous theoretical prediction. Further, we observed interesting features that are seen only in the BF-SCEM images; the film contrast was strongly enhanced, compared with that of BF-STEM. In addition, a bright contrast appeared around the object position in the elongated images. Using this characteristic, we could determine the object position and structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Hashimoto
- Advanced Nano-characterization Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mitsuishi K, Song M, Furuya K, Birtcher RC, Allen CW, Donnelly SE. In-situ observation of atomic processes in Xe nanocrystals embedded in al. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-504-417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTSelf-organization processes in Xe nanocrystals embedded in Al are observed with in-situ high-resolution electron microscopy. Under electron irradiation, stacking fault type defects are produced in Xe nanocrystals. The defects recover in a layer by layer manner. Detailed analysis of the video reveals that the displacement of Xe atoms in the stacking fault was rather small for the Xe atoms at boundary between Xe and Al, suggesting the possibility of the stacking fault in Xe precipitate originating inside of precipitate, not at the Al/Xe interface.
Collapse
|
31
|
Mitsuishi K, Hashimoto A, Takeguchi M, Shimojo M, Ishizuka K. Imaging properties of bright-field and annular-dark-field scanning confocal electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2010; 111:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Mitsuishi
- Quantum Dot Research Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Takazawa K, Inoue JI, Mitsuishi K, Takamasu T. Fraction of a millimeter propagation of exciton polaritons in photoexcited nanofibers of organic dye. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:067401. [PMID: 20868009 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.067401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report propagation of exciton polaritons (EPs) in photoexcited nanofibers of thiacyanine dye over a few hundred micrometers at room temperature. We determine the complex refractive index along the nanofibers by fluorescence microscopy measurements on single nanofibers and observe its anomalous behavior due to the EP effect. The longitudinal-transverse splitting energy (ΔE(L-T)) is evaluated to be ∼1 eV. The large ΔE(L-T) and waveguide function of the nanofibers allow a millimeter propagation of EPs at room temperature, which is hardly realized in other systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takazawa
- National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba 305-0003, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sychugov I, Nakayama Y, Mitsuishi K. Sub-10 nm crystalline silicon nanostructures by electron beam induced deposition lithography. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:285307. [PMID: 20585154 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/28/285307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel top-down approach for the controllable fabrication of semiconductor nanostructures exhibiting quantum effects is described. By decomposing metal-rich precursor gas molecules with an electron beam, a sub-10 nm metal pattern can be formed and subsequently transferred to a semiconductor substrate. In such a way monocrystalline silicon nanodots and nanowires are produced as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. It is also shown how through controlled thermal or chemical oxidation the nanostructure surface can be passivated. By providing direct access to the sub-10 nm size range this method possesses promising potential for application in the quantum dot and nanoelectronics fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Sychugov
- Quantum Dot Research Center, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0003, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hashimoto A, Shimojo M, Mitsuishi K, Takeguchi M. Three-dimensional optical sectioning by scanning confocal electron microscopy with a stage-scanning system. Microsc Microanal 2010; 16:233-238. [PMID: 20350339 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927610000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the depth resolution of annular dark-field (ADF) scanning confocal electron microscopy (SCEM) with a stage-scanning system by observation of nanoparticles. ADF-SCEM is a three-dimensional (3D) imaging technique that we recently proposed. An ADF-SCEM instrument involves a pinhole aperture before a detector for rejecting electrons from the out-of-focal plane in a specimen and an annular aperture under the specimen for collecting only scattered electrons. The stage-scanning system enables us to directly obtain optical slice images perpendicular and parallel to an optical axis at a desired position. In particular, the parallel slices visualize the elongation of nanoparticles along the optical axis, which depends on the depth resolution. ADF-SCEM effectively reduced the elongation length of the nanoparticles sufficiently to demonstrate depth sectioning, in comparison with scanning transmission electron microscopy and bright-field SCEM. The experimentally obtained length was nearly equal to the theoretically estimated one from the probe size considering the experimental conditions. Furthermore, we applied this ADF-SCEM technique to analysis of the 3D position of catalytic nanoparticles on carbon nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Hashimoto
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang P, Behan G, Takeguchi M, Hashimoto A, Mitsuishi K, Shimojo M, Kirkland AI, Nellist PD. Nanoscale energy-filtered scanning confocal electron microscopy using a double-aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:200801. [PMID: 20867018 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.200801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a transmission electron microscope fitted with two spherical-aberration correctors can be operated as an energy-filtered scanning confocal electron microscope. A method for establishing this mode is described and initial results showing 3D chemical mapping with nanoscale sensitivity to height and thickness changes in a carbon film are presented. Importantly, uncorrected chromatic aberration does not limit the depth resolution of this technique and moreover performs an energy-filtering role, which is explained in terms of a combined depth and energy-loss response function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Niwa Y, Potaczek DP, Kanada S, Takagi A, Shimokawa N, Ito T, Mitsuishi K, Okubo Y, Tajima M, Hobo A, Ng W, Tsuboi R, Ikeda S, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Nishiyama C. FcεRIα gene (FCER1A) promoter polymorphisms and total serum IgE levels in Japanese atopic dermatitis patients. Int J Immunogenet 2010; 37:139-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
It is shown how a significant drawback of the electron beam induced deposition technique, namely its low deposition rate, can be circumvented. By tilting a sample, a larger part of the primary electron beam energy becomes dissipated closer to the interface. This in turn increases the emission of secondary electrons, largely responsible for the deposition of the adsorbed molecule components on the surface. An order of magnitude increase in the deposition rate is reported in the fabrication of metal nanowires from organic precursor gas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Sychugov
- Quantum Dot Research Center, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
A sensitive nanosized molybdenum oxide (MoO(x)) photodetector is manufactured at a desired position by electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID). As-deposited MoO(x) had a conductivity approximately 300 S cm(-1). After 2 h annealing at 573 K, the conductivity of nanowires decreased 10 times to approximately 30 S cm(-1) and MoO(x) had photoconductivity. Nanosized MoO(x) wires enhanced the sensitivity of optical devices due to an increased surface area to volume ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Makise
- High Voltage Electron Microscopy Station, National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba 305-3003, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Iakoubovskii K, Mitsuishi K. Elastic scattering of 200 keV electrons in elemental solids: experimental observation of atomic-number-dependent oscillatory behavior. J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:155402. [PMID: 21825363 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/15/155402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mean free path of elastic electron scattering λ(el) has been measured with a 200 keV transmission electron microscope for a wide range of stable elemental solids. An oscillating behavior versus atomic number Z has been revealed, such that, within one row of the periodic table, λ(el) exhibits minimum (maximum) for elements with completed (empty) outer d shells. These λ(el)(Z) oscillations are attributed to Z dependence of the atomic density, and their importance for the interpretation of electron microscope images is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Iakoubovskii
- Quantum Dot Research Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kuramochi K, Suzuki K, Yamazaki T, Mitsuishi K, Furuya K, Hashimoto I, Watanabe K. Quantitative structural analysis of twin boundary in using HAADF STEM method. Ultramicroscopy 2008; 109:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
41
|
Okuno H, Takeguchi M, Mitsuishi K, Irokawa Y, Sakuma Y, Furuya K. Local characterizations of quaternary AlInGaN/GaN heterostructures using TEM and HAADF-STEM. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
42
|
Abstract
Measurements of thickness using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) are revised. Absolute thickness values can be quickly and accurately determined with the Kramers-Kronig sum method. The EELS data analysis is even much easier with the log-ratio method, however, absolute calibration of this method requires knowledge of the mean free path of inelastic electron scattering lambda. The latter has been measured here in a wide range of solids and a scaling law lambda approximately rho(-0.3) versus mass density rho has been revealed. EELS measurements critically depend on the excitation and collection angles. This dependence has been studied experimentally and theoretically and an efficient model has been formulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Iakoubovskii
- Quantum Dot Research Center, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Takeguchi M, Hashimoto A, Shimojo M, Mitsuishi K, Furuya K. Development of a stage-scanning system for high-resolution confocal STEM. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 2008; 57:123-7. [PMID: 18603569 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfn010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A stage-scanning system is composed of a specially designed transmission electron microscopy specimen holder equipped with a piezo-driven specimen stage, power supplier and control software. This system enables the specimen to be scanned three-dimensionally, and therefore confocal scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) can be performed with a fixed electron-optics configuration. It is demonstrated that stage-scanning confocal STEM images can be obtained with the lateral atomic resolution and the specimen can be moved three-dimensionally with high precision.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
The structure of individual nanodiamond grains produced by the detonation of carbon-based explosives has been studied with a high-vacuum aberration-corrected electron microscope. Many grains show a well-resolved cubic diamond lattice with negligible contamination, thereby demonstrating that the non-diamond shell, universally observed on nanodiamond particles, could be intrinsic to the preparation process rather than to the nanosized diamond itself. The strength of the adhesion between the nanodiamond grains, and the possibility of their patterning with sub-nanometer precision, are also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Iakoubovskii
- Quantum Dot Research Center, National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shimojo M, Takeguchi M, Mitsuishi K, Tanaka M, Furuya K. Formation of nanoscale platinum and iron oxide structures using electron beam induced deposition techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/100/5/052016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
46
|
Okuno H, Takeguchi M, Mitsuishi K, Guo XJ, Furuya K. Sample preparation of GaN-based materials on a sapphire substrate for STEM analysis. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 2008; 57:1-5. [PMID: 18083975 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfm034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a detailed TEM sample preparation recipe based on a wedge polishing technique for GaN-based materials is presented. The obtained samples have atomically flat surfaces without any obvious surface damages such as the formation of amorphous layers. A composition estimation of Al(x)Ga(1-x)N from Z-contrast STEM imaging is carried out using these samples. The results are in good accord with the nominal composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Okuno
- National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba 305-0003, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tanaka M, Wagner T, Takeguchi M, Han M, Shimojo M, Mitsuishi K, Furuya K. Formation of metal nano-wires on heat-treated substrates using an ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscope. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
48
|
Mitsuishi K, Shimojo M, Tanaka M, Takeguchi M, Song M, Furuya K. TEM sample preparation using a new nanofabrication technique combining electron-beam-induced deposition and low-energy ion milling. Microsc Microanal 2006; 12:545-8. [PMID: 19830947 DOI: 10.1017/s143192760606065x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A new TEM sample preparation technique using electron-beam-induced deposition combined with low-energy ion milling was used to fabricate for two different shapes of sample, conical and plate. High-quality HREM images can be obtained from samples prepared by this technique. A desired sample position can be obtained with high accuracy, and the total sample preparation time can be much less than conventional techniques. Because the gas deposition system used can easily be integrated in a conventional SEM, the method can be performed in any laboratory equipped with a SEM and an ion milling machine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu ZQ, Mitsuishi K, Furuya K. Dynamic Monte Carlo simulation on the electron-beam-induced deposition of carbon, silver, and tungsten supertips. Microsc Microanal 2006; 12:549-52. [PMID: 19830948 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927606060648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The process of electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) was simulated with a dynamic Monte Carlo profile simulator, and the growth of carbon, silver, and tungsten supertips was investigated to study the dependence of material composition on the spatial resolution of EBID. Because light atoms have a smaller scattering angle and a longer mean free path, the carbon supertip has the smallest lateral size and the highest aspect ratio of a bottom tip compared to silver and tungsten supertips. Thus the best spatial resolution of EBID can be achieved on materials of low atomic number. The calculation also indicated a significant contribution of primary electrons to the growth of a supertip in EBID, which is consistent with the experimental observations. These results lead to a more comprehensive understanding of EBID, which is a complex interaction process between electrons and solids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Quan Liu
- High Voltage Electron Microscopy Station, National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mitsuishi K, Takeguchi M, Kondo Y, Hosokawa F, Okamoto K, Sannomiya T, Hori M, Iwama T, Kawazoe M, Furuya K. Ultrahigh-vacuum third-order spherical aberration (Cs) corrector for a scanning transmission electron microscope. Microsc Microanal 2006; 12:456-60. [PMID: 19830936 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927606060661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Initial results from an ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) third-order spherical aberration (Cs) corrector for a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscopy, installed at the National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, are presented here. The Cs corrector is of the dual hexapole type. It is UHV compatible and was installed on a UHV column. The Ronchigram obtained showed an extension of the sweet spot area, indicating a successful correction of the third-order spherical aberration Cs. The power spectrum of an image demonstrated that the resolution achieved was 0.1 nm. A first trial of the direct measurement of the fifth-order spherical aberration C5 was also attempted on the basis of a Ronchigram fringe measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Mitsuishi
- High-Voltage Electron Microscopy Station, National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|