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Nakatani K, Kogashi H, Miyamoto T, Setoguchi T, Sakuma T, Kugou K, Hasegawa Y, Yamamoto T, Hippo Y, Suenaga Y. Inhibition of OCT4 binding at the MYCN locus induces neuroblastoma cell death accompanied by downregulation of transcripts with high-open reading frame dominance. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1237378. [PMID: 38390263 PMCID: PMC10882222 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1237378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Amplification of MYCN is observed in high-risk neuroblastomas (NBs) and is associated with a poor prognosis. MYCN expression is directly regulated by multiple transcription factors, including OCT4, MYCN, CTCF, and p53 in NB. Our previous study showed that inhibition of p53 binding at the MYCN locus induces NB cell death. However, it remains unclear whether inhibition of alternative transcription factor induces NB cell death. In this study, we revealed that the inhibition of OCT4 binding at the MYCN locus, a critical site for the human-specific OCT4-MYCN positive feedback loop, induces caspase-2-mediated cell death in MYCN-amplified NB. We used the CRISPR/deactivated Cas9 (dCas9) technology to specifically inhibit transcription factors from binding to the MYCN locus in the MYCN-amplified NB cell lines CHP134 and IMR32. In both cell lines, the inhibition of OCT4 binding at the MYCN locus reduced MYCN expression, thereby suppressing MYCN-target genes. After inhibition of OCT4 binding, differentially downregulated transcripts were associated with high-open reading frame (ORF) dominance score, which is associated with the translation efficiency of transcripts. These transcripts were enriched in splicing factors, including MYCN-target genes such as HNRNPA1 and PTBP1. Furthermore, transcripts with a high-ORF dominance score were significantly associated with genes whose high expression is associated with a poor prognosis in NB. Because the ORF dominance score correlates with the translation efficiency of transcripts, our findings suggest that MYCN maintains the expression of transcripts with high translation efficiency, contributing to a poor prognosis in NB. In conclusion, the inhibition of OCT4 binding at the MYCN locus resulted in reduced MYCN activity, which in turn led to the downregulation of high-ORF dominance transcripts and subsequently induced caspase-2-mediated cell death in MYCN-amplified NB cells. Therefore, disruption of the OCT4 binding at the MYCN locus may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy for MYCN-amplified NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Nakatani
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Oncology, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Innovative Medicine CHIBA Doctoral WISE Program, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- All Directional Innovation Creator Ph.D. Project, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kogashi
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Oncology, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takanori Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Oncology, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taiki Setoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kugou
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hippo
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Oncology, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory of Precision Tumor Model Systems, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suenaga
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Oncology, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Otake K, Kugou K, Robertlee J, Ohzeki JI, Okazaki K, Hanano S, Takahashi S, Shibata D, Masumoto H. De novo induction of a DNA-histone H3K9 methylation loop on synthetic human repetitive DNA in cultured tobacco cells. Plant J 2023; 114:668-682. [PMID: 36825961 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Genetic modifications in plants are crucial tools for fundamental and applied research. Transgene expression usually varies among independent lines or their progeny and is associated with the chromatin structure of the insertion site. Strategies based on understanding how to manipulate the epigenetic state of the inserted gene cassette would help to ensure transgene expression. Here, we report a strategy for chromatin manipulation by the artificial tethering of epigenetic effectors to a synthetic human centromeric repetitive DNA (alphoid DNA) platform in plant Bright-Yellow-2 (BY-2) culture cells. By tethering DNA-methyltransferase (Nicotiana tabacum DRM1), we effectively induced DNA methylation and histone methylation (H3K9me2) on the alphoid DNA platform. Tethering of the Arabidopsis SUVH9, which has been reported to lack histone methyltransferase activity, also induced a similar epigenetic state on the alphoid DNA in BY-2 cells, presumably by activating the RNA-dependent DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway. Our results emphasize that the interplay between DNA and histone methylation mechanisms is intrinsic to plant cells. We also found that once epigenetic modification states were induced by the tethering of either DRM1 or SUVH9, the modification was maintained even when the direct tethering of the effector was inhibited. Our system enables the analysis of more diverse epigenetic effectors and will help to elucidate the chromatin assembly mechanisms of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Otake
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kugou
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Jekson Robertlee
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichirou Ohzeki
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Koei Okazaki
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hanano
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Seiji Takahashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shibata
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
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3
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Ohzeki J, Kugou K, Otake K, Okazaki K, Takahashi S, Shibata D, Masumoto H. Introduction of a long synthetic repetitive DNA sequence into cultured tobacco cells. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2022; 39:101-110. [PMID: 35937535 PMCID: PMC9300429 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1210a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Genome information has been accumulated for many species, and these genes and regulatory sequences are expected to be applied in plants by enhancing or creating new metabolic pathways. We hypothesized that manipulating a long array of repetitive sequences using tethered chromatin modulators would be effective for robust regulation of gene expression in close proximity to the arrays. This approach is based on a human artificial chromosome made of long synthetic repetitive DNA sequences in which we manipulated the chromatin by tethering the modifiers. However, a method for introducing long repetitive DNA sequences into plants has not yet been established. Therefore, we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome-based binary vector in Escherichia coli cells to generate a construct in which a cassette of marker genes was inserted into 60-kb synthetic human centromeric repetitive DNA. The binary vector was then transferred to Agrobacterium cells and its stable maintenance confirmed. Next, using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation, this construct was successfully introduced into the genome of cultured tobacco BY-2 cells to obtain a large number of stable one-copy strains. ChIP analysis of obtained BY-2 cell lines revealed that the introduced synthetic repetitive DNA has moderate chromatin modification levels with lower heterochromatin (H3K9me2) or euchromatin (H3K4me3) modifications compared to the host centromeric repetitive DNA or an active Tub6 gene, respectively. Such a synthetic DNA sequence with moderate chromatin modification levels is expected to facilitate manipulation of the chromatin structure to either open or closed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichirou Ohzeki
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kugou
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Koichiro Otake
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Koei Okazaki
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Seiji Takahashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shibata
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-438-52-3952 Fax: +81-438-52-3946
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Okazaki K, Nakano M, Ohzeki JI, Otake K, Kugou K, Larionov V, Earnshaw WC, Masumoto H. Combination of CENP-B Box Positive and Negative Synthetic Alpha Satellite Repeats Improves De Novo Human Artificial Chromosome Formation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091378. [PMID: 35563684 PMCID: PMC9105310 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) can be formed de novo by introducing large (>30 kb) centromeric sequences consisting of highly repeated 171-bp alpha satellite (alphoid) DNA into HT1080 cells. However, only a subset of transformed cells successfully establishes HACs. CENP-A chromatin and heterochromatin assemble on the HACs and play crucial roles in chromosome segregation. The CENP-B protein, which binds a 17-bp motif (CENP-B box) in the alphoid DNA, functions in the formation of alternative CENP-A chromatin or heterochromatin states. A balance in the coordinated assembly of these chromatin states on the introduced alphoid DNA is important for HAC formation. To obtain information about the relationship between chromatin architecture and de novo HAC formation efficiency, we tested combinations of two 60-kb synthetic alphoid sequences containing either tetO or lacO plus a functional or mutated CENP-B box combined with a multiple fusion protein tethering system. The combination of mutated and wild-type CENP-B box alphoid repeats significantly enhanced HAC formation. Both CENP-A and HP1α were enriched in the wild-type alphoid DNA, whereas H3K27me3 was enriched on the mutant alphoid array. The presence or absence of CENP-B binding resulted in differences in the assembly of CENP-A chromatin on alphoid arrays and the formation of H3K9me3 or H3K27me3 heterochromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koei Okazaki
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan; (M.N.); (J.-i.O.); (K.O.); (K.K.)
- Public Relations and Research Promotion Group, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.O.); (H.M.); Tel.: +81-438-52-3930 (K.O.); +81-438-52-3952 (H.M.)
| | - Megumi Nakano
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan; (M.N.); (J.-i.O.); (K.O.); (K.K.)
| | - Jun-ichirou Ohzeki
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan; (M.N.); (J.-i.O.); (K.O.); (K.K.)
| | - Koichiro Otake
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan; (M.N.); (J.-i.O.); (K.O.); (K.K.)
| | - Kazuto Kugou
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan; (M.N.); (J.-i.O.); (K.O.); (K.K.)
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | | | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan; (M.N.); (J.-i.O.); (K.O.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.O.); (H.M.); Tel.: +81-438-52-3930 (K.O.); +81-438-52-3952 (H.M.)
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5
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Otake K, Ohzeki JI, Shono N, Kugou K, Okazaki K, Nagase T, Yamakawa H, Kouprina N, Larionov V, Kimura H, Earnshaw WC, Masumoto H. CENP-B creates alternative epigenetic chromatin states permissive for CENP-A or heterochromatin assembly. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs243303. [PMID: 32661090 PMCID: PMC7438015 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CENP-B binds to CENP-B boxes on centromeric satellite DNAs (known as alphoid DNA in humans). CENP-B maintains kinetochore function through interactions with CENP-A nucleosomes and CENP-C. CENP-B binding to transfected alphoid DNA can induce de novo CENP-A assembly, functional centromere and kinetochore formation, and subsequent human artificial chromosome (HAC) formation. Furthermore, CENP-B also facilitates H3K9 (histone H3 lysine 9) trimethylation on alphoid DNA, mediated by Suv39h1, at ectopic alphoid DNA integration sites. Excessive heterochromatin invasion into centromere chromatin suppresses CENP-A assembly. It is unclear how CENP-B controls such different chromatin states. Here, we show that the CENP-B acidic domain recruits histone chaperones and many chromatin modifiers, including the H3K36 methylase ASH1L, as well as the heterochromatin components Suv39h1 and HP1 (HP1α, β and γ, also known as CBX5, CBX1 and CBX3, respectively). ASH1L facilitates the formation of open chromatin competent for CENP-A assembly on alphoid DNA. These results indicate that CENP-B is a nexus for histone modifiers that alternatively promote or suppress CENP-A assembly by mutually exclusive mechanisms. Besides the DNA-binding domain, the CENP-B acidic domain also facilitates CENP-A assembly de novo on transfected alphoid DNA. CENP-B therefore balances CENP-A assembly and heterochromatin formation on satellite DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Otake
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichirou Ohzeki
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shono
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kugou
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Koei Okazaki
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagase
- Public Relations and Research Promotion Group, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamakawa
- Clinical Analysis Team, Department of Omics Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Natalay Kouprina
- Genome Structure and Function Group, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Genome Structure and Function Group, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Laboratory of Chromosome Engineering, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
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Yamada S, Kugou K, Ding DQ, Fujita Y, Hiraoka Y, Murakami H, Ohta K, Yamada T. The histone variant H2A.Z promotes initiation of meiotic recombination in fission yeast. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:609-620. [PMID: 29145618 PMCID: PMC5778600 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is initiated by programmed formation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), which are mainly formed at recombination hotspots. Meiotic DSBs require multiple proteins including the conserved protein Spo11 and its cofactors, and are influenced by chromatin structure. For example, local chromatin around hotspots directly impacts DSB formation. Moreover, DSB is proposed to occur in a higher-order chromatin architecture termed 'axis-loop', in which many loops protrude from cohesin-enriched axis. However, still much remains unknown about how meiotic DSBs are generated in chromatin. Here, we show that the conserved histone H2A variant H2A.Z promotes meiotic DSB formation in fission yeast. Detailed investigation revealed that H2A.Z is neither enriched around hotspots nor axis sites, and that transcript levels of DSB-promoting factors were maintained without H2A.Z. Moreover, H2A.Z appeared to be dispensable for chromatin binding of meiotic cohesin. Instead, in H2A.Z-lacking mutants, multiple proteins involved in DSB formation, such as the fission yeast Spo11 homolog and its regulators, were less associated with chromatin. Remarkably, nuclei were more compact in the absence of H2A.Z. Based on these, we propose that fission yeast H2A.Z promotes meiotic DSB formation partly through modulating chromosome architecture to enhance interaction between DSB-related proteins and cohesin-loaded chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Yamada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kugou
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Da-Qiao Ding
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Yurika Fujita
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hiraoka
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe 651-2492, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murakami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Takatomi Yamada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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Okamoto Y, Iwasaki WM, Kugou K, Takahashi KK, Oda A, Sato K, Kobayashi W, Kawai H, Sakasai R, Takaori-Kondo A, Yamamoto T, Kanemaki MT, Taoka M, Isobe T, Kurumizaka H, Innan H, Ohta K, Ishiai M, Takata M. Replication stress induces accumulation of FANCD2 at central region of large fragile genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:2932-2944. [PMID: 29394375 PMCID: PMC5888676 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During mild replication stress provoked by low dose aphidicolin (APH) treatment, the key Fanconi anemia protein FANCD2 accumulates on common fragile sites, observed as sister foci, and protects genome stability. To gain further insights into FANCD2 function and its regulatory mechanisms, we examined the genome-wide chromatin localization of FANCD2 in this setting by ChIP-seq analysis. We found that FANCD2 mostly accumulates in the central regions of a set of large transcribed genes that were extensively overlapped with known CFS. Consistent with previous studies, we found that this FANCD2 retention is R-loop-dependent. However, FANCD2 monoubiquitination and RPA foci formation were still induced in cells depleted of R-loops. Interestingly, we detected increased Proximal Ligation Assay dots between FANCD2 and R-loops following APH treatment, which was suppressed by transcriptional inhibition. Collectively, our data suggested that R-loops are required to retain FANCD2 in chromatin at the middle intronic region of large genes, while the replication stress-induced upstream events leading to the FA pathway activation are not triggered by R-loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okamoto
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Watal M Iwasaki
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kugou
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Arisa Oda
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Kawai
- Department of Molecular Radiobiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryo Sakasai
- Department of Biochemistry I, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato T Kanemaki
- Division of Molecular Cell Engineering, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Taoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Innan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ishiai
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Takata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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8
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Yamada S, Kugou K, Ding DQ, Fujita Y, Hiraoka Y, Murakami H, Ohta K, Yamada T. The conserved histone variant H2A.Z illuminates meiotic recombination initiation. Curr Genet 2018; 64:1015-1019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Tashiro S, Nishihara Y, Kugou K, Ohta K, Kanoh J. Subtelomeres constitute a safeguard for gene expression and chromosome homeostasis. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:10333-10349. [PMID: 28981863 PMCID: PMC5737222 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The subtelomere, a telomere-adjacent chromosomal domain, contains species-specific homologous DNA sequences, in addition to various genes. However, the functions of subtelomeres, particularly subtelomeric homologous (SH) sequences, remain elusive. Here, we report the first comprehensive analyses of the cellular functions of SH sequences in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Complete removal of SH sequences from the genome revealed that they are dispensable for mitosis, meiosis and telomere length control. However, when telomeres are lost, SH sequences prevent deleterious inter-chromosomal end fusion by facilitating intra-chromosomal circularization. Surprisingly, SH-deleted cells sometimes survive telomere loss through inter-chromosomal end fusions via homologous loci such as LTRs, accompanied by centromere inactivation of either chromosome. Moreover, SH sequences function as a buffer region against the spreading of subtelomeric heterochromatin into the neighboring gene-rich regions. Furthermore, we found a nucleosome-free region at the subtelomeric border, which may be a second barrier that blocks heterochromatin spreading into the subtelomere-adjacent euchromatin. Thus, our results demonstrate multiple defense functions of subtelomeres in chromosome homeostasis and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanki Tashiro
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishihara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kugou
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Junko Kanoh
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Ohzeki JI, Shono N, Otake K, Martins NMC, Kugou K, Kimura H, Nagase T, Larionov V, Earnshaw WC, Masumoto H. KAT7/HBO1/MYST2 Regulates CENP-A Chromatin Assembly by Antagonizing Suv39h1-Mediated Centromere Inactivation. Dev Cell 2017; 37:413-27. [PMID: 27270040 PMCID: PMC4906249 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Centromere chromatin containing histone H3 variant CENP-A is required for accurate chromosome segregation as a foundation for kinetochore assembly. Human centromere chromatin assembles on a part of the long α-satellite (alphoid) DNA array, where it is flanked by pericentric heterochromatin. Heterochromatin spreads into adjacent chromatin and represses gene expression, and it can antagonize centromere function or CENP-A assembly. Here, we demonstrate an interaction between CENP-A assembly factor M18BP1 and acetyltransferase KAT7/HBO1/MYST2. Knocking out KAT7 in HeLa cells reduced centromeric CENP-A assembly. Mitotic chromosome misalignment and micronuclei formation increased in the knockout cells and were enhanced when the histone H3-K9 trimethylase Suv39h1 was overproduced. Tethering KAT7 to an ectopic alphoid DNA integration site removed heterochromatic H3K9me3 modification and was sufficient to stimulate new CENP-A or histone H3.3 assembly. Thus, KAT7-containing acetyltransferases associating with the Mis18 complex provides competence for histone turnover/exchange activity on alphoid DNA and prevents Suv39h1-mediated heterochromatin invasion into centromeres. The histone acetyltransferase KAT7 positively regulates centromeric CENP-A assembly Human Mis18 complex is a scaffold for assembly of KAT7 and HJURP, a CENP-A chaperone KAT7 or RSF1 stimulates histone turnover/exchange on alphoid DNA KAT7 antagonizes H3K9-trimethylase Suv39h1-mediated centromere inactivation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichirou Ohzeki
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shono
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Koichiro Otake
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Nuno M C Martins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Kazuto Kugou
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagase
- Public Relations Team, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Genome Structure and Function Group, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan.
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11
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Suntronpong A, Kugou K, Masumoto H, Srikulnath K, Ohshima K, Hirai H, Koga A. CENP-B box, a nucleotide motif involved in centromere formation, occurs in a New World monkey. Biol Lett 2016; 12:20150817. [PMID: 27029836 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Centromere protein B (CENP-B) is one of the major proteins involved in centromere formation, binding to centromeric repetitive DNA by recognizing a 17 bp motif called the CENP-B box. Hominids (humans and great apes) carry large numbers of CENP-B boxes in alpha satellite DNA (AS, the major centromeric repetitive DNA of simian primates). Only negative results have been reported regarding the presence of the CENP-B box in other primate taxa. Consequently, it is widely believed that the CENP-B box is confined, within primates, to the hominids. We report here that the common marmoset, a New World monkey, contains an abundance of CENP-B boxes in its AS. First, in a long contig sequence we constructed and analysed, we identified the motif in 17 of the 38 alpha satellite repeat units. We then sequenced terminal regions of additional clones and found the motif in many of them. Immunostaining of marmoset cells demonstrated that CENP-B binds to DNA in the centromeric regions of chromosomes. Therefore, functional CENP-B boxes are not confined to hominids. Our results indicate that the efficiency of identification of the CENP-B box may depend largely on the sequencing methods used, and that the CENP-B box in centromeric repetitive DNA may be more common than researchers previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aorarat Suntronpong
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kazuto Kugou
- Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Ohshima
- Graduate School of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama 526-0829, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Hirai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan
| | - Akihiko Koga
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan
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12
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Kugou K, Hirai H, Masumoto H, Koga A. Formation of functional CENP-B boxes at diverse locations in repeat units of centromeric DNA in New World monkeys. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27833. [PMID: 27292628 PMCID: PMC4904201 DOI: 10.1038/srep27833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromere protein B, which is involved in centromere formation, binds to centromeric repetitive DNA by recognizing a nucleotide motif called the CENP-B box. Humans have large numbers of CENP-B boxes in the centromeric repetitive DNA of their autosomes and X chromosome. The current understanding is that these CENP-B boxes are located at identical positions in the repeat units of centromeric DNA. Great apes also have CENP-B boxes in locations that are identical to humans. The purpose of the present study was to examine the location of CENP-B box in New World monkeys. We recently identified CENP-B box in one species of New World monkeys (marmosets). In this study, we found functional CENP-B boxes in CENP-A-assembled repeat units of centromeric DNA in 2 additional New World monkeys (squirrel monkeys and tamarins) by immunostaining and ChIP-qPCR analyses. The locations of the 3 CENP-B boxes in the repeat units differed from one another. The repeat unit size of centromeric DNA of New World monkeys (340–350 bp) is approximately twice that of humans and great apes (171 bp). This might be, associated with higher-order repeat structures of centromeric DNA, a factor for the observed variation in the CENP-B box location in New World monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Kugou
- Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Hirai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
| | - Akihiko Koga
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan
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13
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Mitsumori R, Ohashi T, Kugou K, Ichino A, Taniguchi K, Ohta K, Uchida H, Oki M. Analysis of novel Sir3 binding regions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biochem 2016; 160:11-7. [PMID: 26957548 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the HMR, HML, telomere and rDNA regions are silenced. Silencing at the rDNA region requires Sir2, and silencing at the HMR, HML and telomere regions requires binding of a protein complex, consisting of Sir2, Sir3 and Sir4, that mediates repression of gene expression. Here, several novel Sir3 binding domains, termed CN domains (Chromosomal Novel Sir3 binding region), were identified using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) on chip analysis of S. cerevisiae chromosomes. Furthermore, analysis of G1-arrested cells demonstrated that Sir3 binding was elevated in G1-arrested cells compared with logarithmically growing asynchronous cells, and that Sir3 binding varied with the cell cycle. In addition to 14 CN regions identified from analysis of logarithmically growing asynchronous cells (CN1-14), 11 CN regions were identified from G1-arrested cells (CN15-25). Gene expression at some CN regions did not differ between WT and sir3Δ strains. Sir3 at conventional heterochromatic regions is thought to be recruited to chromosomes by Sir2 and Sir4; however, in this study, Sir3 binding occurred at some CN regions even in sir2Δ and sir4Δ backgrounds. Taken together, our results suggest that Sir3 exhibits novel binding parameters and gene regulatory functions at the CN binding domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Mitsumori
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoe Ohashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kugou
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Department of Frontier Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Ayako Ichino
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Kei Taniguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Masaya Oki
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; Research and Education Program for Life Science, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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14
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Fawcett JA, Iida T, Takuno S, Sugino RP, Kado T, Kugou K, Mura S, Kobayashi T, Ohta K, Nakayama JI, Innan H. Population genomics of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104241. [PMID: 25111393 PMCID: PMC4128662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been widely used as a model eukaryote to study a diverse range of biological processes. However, population genetic studies of this species have been limited to date, and we know very little about the evolutionary processes and selective pressures that are shaping its genome. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 32 worldwide S. pombe strains and examined the pattern of polymorphisms across their genomes. In addition to introns and untranslated regions (UTRs), intergenic regions also exhibited lower levels of nucleotide diversity than synonymous sites, suggesting that a considerable amount of noncoding DNA is under selective constraint and thus likely to be functional. A number of genomic regions showed a reduction of nucleotide diversity probably caused by selective sweeps. We also identified a region close to the end of chromosome 3 where an extremely high level of divergence was observed between 5 of the 32 strains and the remain 27, possibly due to introgression, strong positive selection, or that region being responsible for reproductive isolation. Our study should serve as an important starting point in using a population genomics approach to further elucidate the biology of this important model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Fawcett
- Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail: (JAF); (JN); (HI)
| | | | - Shohei Takuno
- Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryuichi P. Sugino
- Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kado
- Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kugou
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Mura
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail: (JAF); (JN); (HI)
| | - Hideki Innan
- Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail: (JAF); (JN); (HI)
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15
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Ito M, Kugou K, Fawcett JA, Mura S, Ikeda S, Innan H, Ohta K. Meiotic recombination cold spots in chromosomal cohesion sites. Genes Cells 2014; 19:359-73. [PMID: 24635992 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic chromosome architecture called 'axis-loop structures' and histone modifications have been shown to regulate the Spo11-dependent formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that trigger meiotic recombination. Using genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses followed by deep sequencing, we compared the genome-wide distribution of the axis protein Rec8 (the kleisin subunit of meiotic cohesin) with that of oligomeric DNA covalently bound to Spo11, indicative of DSB sites. The frequency of DSB sites is overall constant between Rec8 binding sites. However, DSB cold spots are observed in regions spanning ±0.8 kb around Rec8 binding sites. The axis-associated cold spots are not due to the exclusion of Spo11 localization from the axis, because ChIP experiments showed that substantial Spo11 persists at Rec8 binding sites during DSB formation. Spo11 fused with Gal4 DNA binding domain (Gal4BD-Spo11) tethered in close proximity (≤0.8 kb) to Rec8 binding sites hardly forms meiotic DSBs, in contrast with other regions. In addition, H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) remarkably decreases at Rec8 binding sites. These results suggest that reduced histone H3K4me3 in combination with inactivation of Spo11 activity on the axis discourages DSB hot spot formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ito
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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16
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Miyoshi T, Ito M, Kugou K, Yamada S, Furuichi M, Oda A, Yamada T, Hirota K, Masai H, Ohta K. A central coupler for recombination initiation linking chromosome architecture to S phase checkpoint. Mol Cell 2012; 47:722-33. [PMID: 22841486 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Higher-order chromosome structure is assumed to control various DNA-templated reactions in eukaryotes. Meiotic chromosomes implement developed structures called "axes" and "loops"; both are suggested to tether each other, activating Spo11 to catalyze meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) at recombination hotspots. We found that the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Spo11 homolog Rec12 and its partners form two distinct subcomplexes, DSBC (Rec6-Rec12-Rec14) and SFT (Rec7-Rec15-Rec24). Mde2, whose expression is strictly regulated by the replication checkpoint, interacts with Rec15 to stabilize the SFT subcomplex and further binds Rec14 in DSBC. Rec10 provides a docking platform for SFT binding to axes and can partially interact with DSB sites located in loops depending upon Mde2, which is indicative of the formation of multiprotein-based tethered axis-loop complex. These data lead us to propose a mechanism by which Mde2 functions as a recombination initiation mediator to tether axes and loops, in liaison with the meiotic replication checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoichiro Miyoshi
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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17
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Yoshida T, Shimada K, Oma Y, Kalck V, Akimura K, Taddei A, Iwahashi H, Kugou K, Ohta K, Gasser SM, Harata M. Actin-related protein Arp6 influences H2A.Z-dependent and -independent gene expression and links ribosomal protein genes to nuclear pores. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1000910. [PMID: 20419146 PMCID: PMC2855322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-related proteins are ubiquitous components of chromatin remodelers and are conserved from yeast to man. We have examined the role of the budding yeast actin-related protein Arp6 in gene expression, both as a component of the SWR1 complex (SWR-C) and in its absence. We mapped Arp6 binding sites along four yeast chromosomes using chromatin immunoprecipitation from wild-type and swr1 deleted (swr1Delta) cells. We find that a majority of Arp6 binding sites coincide with binding sites of Swr1, the catalytic subunit of SWR-C, and with the histone H2A variant Htz1 (H2A.Z) deposited by SWR-C. However, Arp6 binding detected at centromeres, the promoters of ribosomal protein (RP) genes, and some telomeres is independent of Swr1 and Htz1 deposition. Given that RP genes and telomeres both show association with the nuclear periphery, we monitored the ability of Arp6 to mediate the localization of chromatin to nuclear pores. Arp6 binding is sufficient to shift a randomly positioned locus to nuclear periphery, even in a swr1Delta strain. Arp6 is also necessary for the pore association of its targeted RP promoters possibly through cell cycle-dependent factors. Loss of Arp6, but not Htz1, leads to an up-regulation of these RP genes. In contrast, the pore-association of GAL1 correlates with Htz1 deposition, and loss of Arp6 reduces both GAL1 activation and peripheral localization. We conclude that Arp6 functions both together with the nucleosome remodeler Swr1 and also without it, to mediate Htz1-dependent and Htz1-independent binding of chromatin domains to nuclear pores. This association is shown to have modulating effects on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Yoshida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimada
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yukako Oma
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Véronique Kalck
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kazumi Akimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Angela Taddei
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut Curie-Section de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Hitoshi Iwahashi
- Human Stress Signal Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kugou
- Shibata Distinguished Senior Laboratory, RIKEN Discovery Research Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Shibata Distinguished Senior Laboratory, RIKEN Discovery Research Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susan M. Gasser
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Masahiko Harata
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
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18
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Kugou K, Fukuda T, Yamada S, Ito M, Sasanuma H, Mori S, Katou Y, Itoh T, Matsumoto K, Shibata T, Shirahige K, Ohta K. Rec8 guides canonical Spo11 distribution along yeast meiotic chromosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:3064-76. [PMID: 19439448 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-12-1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spo11-mediated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate meiotic recombination are temporally and spatially controlled. The meiotic cohesin Rec8 has been implicated in regulating DSB formation, but little is known about the features of their interplay. To elucidate this point, we investigated the genome-wide localization of Spo11 in budding yeast during early meiosis by chromatin immunoprecipitation using high-density tiling arrays. We found that Spo11 is dynamically localized to meiotic chromosomes. Spo11 initially accumulated around centromeres and thereafter localized to arm regions as premeiotic S phase proceeded. During this stage, a substantial proportion of Spo11 bound to Rec8 binding sites. Eventually, some of Spo11 further bound to both DSB and Rec8 sites. We also showed that such a change in a distribution of Spo11 is affected by hydroxyurea treatment. Interestingly, deletion of REC8 influences the localization of Spo11 to centromeres and in some of the intervals of the chromosomal arms. Thus, we observed a lack of DSB formation in a region-specific manner. These observations suggest that Rec8 would prearrange the distribution of Spo11 along chromosomes and will provide clues to understanding temporal and spatial regulation of DSB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Kugou
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Ohuchi T, Seki M, Kugou K, Tada S, Ohta K, Enomoto T. Accumulation of sumoylated Rad52 in checkpoint mutants perturbed in DNA replication. DNA Repair (Amst) 2009; 8:690-6. [PMID: 19261547 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2009.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoints are cellular surveillance and signaling pathways that regulate responses to DNA damage and perturbations of DNA replication. Here we show that high levels of sumoylated Rad52 are present in the mec1 sml1 and rad53 sml1 checkpoint mutants exposed to DNA-damaging agents such as methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) or the DNA replication inhibitor hydroxyurea (HU). The kinase-defective mutant rad53-K227A also showed high levels of Rad52 sumoylation. Elevated levels of Rad52 sumoylation occur in checkpoint mutants proceeding S phase being exposed DNA-damaging agent. Interestingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) on chip analyses revealed non-canonical chromosomal localization of Rad52 in the HU-treated rad53-K227A cells arrested in early S phase: Rad52 localization at dormant and early DNA replication origins. However, such unusual localization was not dependent on the sumoylation of Rad52. In addition, we also found that Rad52 could be highly sumoylated in the absence of Rad51. Double mutation of RAD51 and RAD53 exhibited the similar levels of Rad52 sumoylation to RAD53 single mutation. The significance and regulation mechanism of Rad52 sumoylation by checkpoint pathways will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ohuchi
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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20
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Abstract
Cooperative actions of chromosomal proteins play critical roles in the dynamics, structural transition, segregation, and maintenance of meiotic chromosomes. A high-resolutibn genome-tiling array combined with a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP-chip) is a powerful tool for uncovering the precise and dynamic distributions of various proteins along meiotic chromosomes. In this chapter, we describe a method to map the binding sites of meiotic chromosomal proteins such as Spo11, Mre11, and Rec8 using the high-resolution ChIP-chip technology. This system provides us with informative knowledge on the interplay of meiotic chromosomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Kugou
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Sasanuma H, Hirota K, Fukuda T, Kakusho N, Kugou K, Kawasaki Y, Shibata T, Masai H, Ohta K. Cdc7-dependent phosphorylation of Mer2 facilitates initiation of yeast meiotic recombination. Genes Dev 2008; 22:398-410. [PMID: 18245451 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1626608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Meiosis ensures genetic diversification of gametes and sexual reproduction. For successful meiosis, multiple events such as DNA replication, recombination, and chromosome segregation must occur coordinately in a strict regulated order. We investigated the meiotic roles of Cdc7 kinase in the initiation of meiotic recombination, namely, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) mediated by Spo11 and other coactivating proteins. Genetic analysis using bob1-1 cdc7Delta reveals that Cdc7 is essential for meiotic DSBs and meiosis I progression. We also demonstrate that the N-terminal region of Mer2, a Spo11 ancillary protein required for DSB formation and phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), contains two types of Cdc7-dependent phosphorylation sites near the CDK site (Ser30): One (Ser29) is essential for meiotic DSB formation, and the others exhibit a cumulative effect to facilitate DSB formation. Importantly, mutations on these sites confer severe defects in DSB formation even when the CDK phosphorylation is present at Ser30. Diploids of cdc7Delta display defects in the chromatin binding of not only Spo11 but also Rec114 and Mei4, other meiotic coactivators that may assist Spo11 binding to DSB hot spots. We thus propose that Cdc7, in concert with CDK, regulates Spo11 loading to DSB sites via Mer2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sasanuma
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Shimada K, Oma Y, Schleker T, Kugou K, Ohta K, Harata M, Gasser SM. Ino80 Chromatin Remodeling Complex Promotes Recovery of Stalled Replication Forks. Curr Biol 2008; 18:566-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fukuda T, Kugou K, Sasanuma H, Shibata T, Ohta K. Targeted induction of meiotic double-strand breaks reveals chromosomal domain-dependent regulation of Spo11 and interactions among potential sites of meiotic recombination. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 36:984-97. [PMID: 18096626 PMCID: PMC2241902 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is initiated by programmed DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation mediated by Spo11. DSBs occur with frequency in chromosomal regions called hot domains but are seldom seen in cold domains. To obtain insights into the determinants of the distribution of meiotic DSBs, we examined the effects of inducing targeted DSBs during yeast meiosis using a UAS-directed form of Spo11 (Gal4BD-Spo11) and a meiosis-specific endonuclease, VDE (PI-SceI). Gal4BD-Spo11 cleaved its target sequence (UAS) integrated in hot domains but rarely in cold domains. However, Gal4BD-Spo11 did bind to UAS and VDE efficiently cleaved its recognition sequence in either context, suggesting that a cold domain is not a region of inaccessible or uncleavable chromosome structure. Importantly, self-association of Spo11 occurred at UAS in a hot domain but not in a cold domain, raising the possibility that Spo11 remains in an inactive intermediate state in cold domains. Integration of UAS adjacent to known DSB hotspots allowed us to detect competitive interactions among hotspots for activation. Moreover, the presence of VDE-introduced DSB repressed proximal hotspot activity, implicating DSBs themselves in interactions among hotspots. Thus, potential sites for Spo11-mediated DSB are subject to domain-specific and local competitive regulations during and after DSB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Fukuda
- Shibata Distinguished Senior Scientist Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Abstract
Mre11, together with Rad50 and Xrs2/NBS, plays pivotal roles in homologous recombination, repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), activation of damage-induced checkpoint, and telomere maintenance. Here we demonstrate that the absence of Mre11 in yeast causes specific effects on regulation of a class of meiotic genes for spore development. Using DNA microarray assays to analyze yeast mutants defective for meiotic DSB formation, we revealed that the meiotic expression profile in the mre11Delta cells was generally unaffected when compared to the one in the wild-type strain, although the activation of about 90 meiotic genes were severely and specifically impaired in early meiosis. These defects were confirmed by northern and lacZ reporter gene assays. Interestingly, a substantial portion of the severely affected genes includes genes responsible for spore wall biogenesis, the defects of which may account for the fragile spore wall phenotype of the mre11Delta strain. The transcriptional deficiency was not observed in other DSB mutants such as rad50Delta, xrs2Delta, spo11Delta, and spo11Y135F, suggesting the transcriptional defect in mre11Delta is due to neither lack of meiotic DSB formation, nor disintegrity of Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 complex. In addition, the deficiency of mre11Delta in gene activation was not alleviated by the deletion of RAD24. Therefore, it is unlikely that DNA damage checkpoint activation by mre11Delta caused transcriptional deficiency. We also found that a C-terminus DNA binding domain truncation mutant (mre11DeltaC49), which has meiosis-specific defects, exhibited transcriptional defects as observed in mre11Delta, whereas an N-terminal phosphoesterase mutant (mre11D16A) does not. Taken together, we propose that Mre11 is involved in the regulation of a specific class of genes during spore development through its C-terminus domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Kugou
- Genetic System Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN, Discovery Research Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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Ogiwara H, Ui A, Kawashima S, Kugou K, Onoda F, Iwahashi H, Harata M, Ohta K, Enomoto T, Seki M. Actin-related protein Arp4 functions in kinetochore assembly. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:3109-17. [PMID: 17452364 PMCID: PMC1888834 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin-related proteins (Arps) comprise a conserved protein family. Arp4p is found in large multisubunits of the INO80 and SWR1 chromatin remodeling complexes and in the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex. Here we show that arp4 (arp4S23A/D159A) temperature-sensitive cells are defective in G2/M phase function. arp4 mutants are sensitive to the microtubule depolymerizing agent benomyl and arrest at G2/M phase at restrictive temperature. Arp4p is associated with centromeric and telomeric regions throughout cell cycle. Ino80p, Esa1p and Swr1p, components of the INO80, NuA4 and SWR1 complexes, respectively, also associate with centromeres. The association of many kinetochore components including Cse4p, a component of the centromere nucleosome, Mtw1p and Ctf3p is partially impaired in arp4 cells, suggesting that the G2/M arrest of arp4 mutant cells is due to a defect in formation of the chromosomal segregation apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Ogiwara
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan, Genetic System Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, The Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan and Tohoku University 21st Century COE Program “Comprehensive Research and Education Center for Planning of Drug development and Clinical Evaluation”, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ayako Ui
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan, Genetic System Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, The Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan and Tohoku University 21st Century COE Program “Comprehensive Research and Education Center for Planning of Drug development and Clinical Evaluation”, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawashima
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan, Genetic System Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, The Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan and Tohoku University 21st Century COE Program “Comprehensive Research and Education Center for Planning of Drug development and Clinical Evaluation”, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kugou
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan, Genetic System Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, The Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan and Tohoku University 21st Century COE Program “Comprehensive Research and Education Center for Planning of Drug development and Clinical Evaluation”, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Onoda
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan, Genetic System Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, The Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan and Tohoku University 21st Century COE Program “Comprehensive Research and Education Center for Planning of Drug development and Clinical Evaluation”, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iwahashi
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan, Genetic System Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, The Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan and Tohoku University 21st Century COE Program “Comprehensive Research and Education Center for Planning of Drug development and Clinical Evaluation”, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masahiko Harata
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan, Genetic System Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, The Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan and Tohoku University 21st Century COE Program “Comprehensive Research and Education Center for Planning of Drug development and Clinical Evaluation”, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan, Genetic System Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, The Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan and Tohoku University 21st Century COE Program “Comprehensive Research and Education Center for Planning of Drug development and Clinical Evaluation”, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takemi Enomoto
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan, Genetic System Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, The Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan and Tohoku University 21st Century COE Program “Comprehensive Research and Education Center for Planning of Drug development and Clinical Evaluation”, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masayuki Seki
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan, Genetic System Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, The Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan and Tohoku University 21st Century COE Program “Comprehensive Research and Education Center for Planning of Drug development and Clinical Evaluation”, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. +81-22-795-6875+81-22-795-6873
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Ohta K, Kugou K. [Regulation of DNA recombination]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2006; 51:2134-40. [PMID: 17471924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
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