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Hosaka AJ, Sanetomo R, Hosaka K. Allotetraploid nature of a wild potato species, Solanum stoloniferum Schlechtd. et Bché., as revealed by whole-genome sequencing. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39585203 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/09/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
Mexican wild diploid potato species are reproductively isolated from A-genome species, including cultivated potatoes; thus, their genomic relationships remain unknown. Solanum stoloniferum Schlechtd. et Bché. (2n = 4x = 48, AABB) is a Mexican allotetraploid species frequently used in potato breeding. We constructed a chromosome-scale assembly of the S. stoloniferum genome using PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding technologies. The final assembly consisted of 1742 Mb, among which 745 Mb and 713 Mb were anchored to the 12 A-genome and 12 B-genome chromosomes, respectively. Using the RNA-seq datasets, we detected 20 994 and 19 450 genes in the A and B genomes, respectively. Among these genes, 5138 and 3594 were specific to the A and B genomes, respectively, and 15 856 were homoeologous, of which 18.6-25.4% were biasedly expressed. Structural variations such as large pericentromeric inversions were frequently found between the A- and B-genome chromosomes. A comparison of the gene sequences from 38 diverse genomes of the related Solanum species revealed that the S. stoloniferum B genome and Mexican diploid species, with the exception of S. verrucosum, were monophyletically distinct from the S. stoloniferum A genome and the other A-genome species, indicating that the Mexican diploid species share the B genome. The content and divergence of transposable elements (TEs) revealed recent bursts and transpositions of TEs after polyploidization. Thus, the S. stoloniferum genome has undergone dynamic structural differentiation and TE mobilization and reorganization to stabilize the genomic imbalance. This study provides new insights into polyploid evolution and the efficient use of allotetraploid species in potato breeding.
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Hosaka AJ, Sanetomo R, Hosaka K. A de novo genome assembly of Solanum bulbocastanum Dun., a Mexican diploid species reproductively isolated from the A-genome species, including cultivated potatoes. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae080. [PMID: 38608140 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Potato and its wild relatives are distributed mainly in the Mexican highlands and central Andes of South America. The South American A-genome species, including cultivated potatoes, are reproductively isolated from Mexican diploid species. Whole-genome sequencing has disclosed genome structure and similarity, mostly in cultivated potatoes and their closely related species. In this study, we generated a chromosome-scale assembly of the genome of a Mexican diploid species, Solanum bulbocastanum Dun., using PacBio long-read sequencing, optical mapping, and Hi-C scaffolding technologies. The final sequence assembly consisted of 737.9 Mb, among which 647.0 Mb were anchored to the 12 chromosomes. Compared with chromosome-scale assemblies of S. lycopersicum (tomato), S. etuberosum (non-tuber-bearing species with E-genome), S. verrucosum, S. chacoense, S. multidissectum, and S. phureja (all four are A-genome species), the S. bulbocastnum genome was the shortest. It contained fewer transposable elements (56.2%) than A-genome species. A cluster analysis was performed based on pairwise ratios of syntenic regions among the seven chromosome-scale assemblies, showing that the A-genome species were first clustered as a distinct group. Then, this group was clustered with S. bulbocastanum. Sequence similarity in 1,624 single-copy orthologous gene groups among 36 Solanum species and clones separated S. bulbocastanum as a specific group, including other Mexican diploid species, from the A-genome species. Therefore, the S. bulbocastanum genome differs in genome structure and gene sequences from the A-genome species. These findings provide important insights into understanding and utilizing the genetic diversity of S. bulbocastanum and the other Mexican diploid species in potato breeding.
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Yang Y, Inoue G, Hosaka K, Tichy A, Ikeda M, Tagami J, Shimada Y. The Effect of a Deproteinizing Pretreatment on the Bonding Performance and Acid Resistance of a Two-step Self-etch Adhesive on Eroded Dentin. Oper Dent 2024; 49:65-75. [PMID: 38019217 DOI: 10.2341/23-005-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated how deproteinization using sodium hypochlorite (6% NaOCl) or hypochlorous acid (50 ppm HOCl) with or without the subsequent use of an arylsulfinate salt-containing agent (Clearfil DC Activator; DCA; Kuraray Noritake Dental) affects the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) and formation of an acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) of a two-step self-etch adhesive on eroded dentin. METHODS Coronal dentin surfaces of sound human molars were exposed to 48 cycles of demineralization (1% citric acid; 5 minutes) and remineralization (buffer solution with pH=6.4; 3.5 hours). They were then assigned to experimental groups according to the pretreatment used: none (negative control), NaOCl, NaOCl+DCA, HOCl, and HOCl+DCA. Sound dentin surfaces with no pretreatment were used as a positive control. The dentin surfaces were bonded with Clearfil SE Bond 2 (Kuraray Noritake Dental), and μTBS was measured either after 24 hours or 20,000 thermal cycles (TC). The μTBS data were statistically analyzed using a mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests with Bonferroni correction. Failure mode was determined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which was also used for the observation of ABRZ. RESULTS Among experimental groups, there was no significant difference between the negative control, HOCl, and HOCl+DCA after 24 hours, but the HOCl-pretreated groups exhibited significantly higher μTBS than the negative control after TC (p<0.01). Pretreatment with NaOCl and NaOCl+DCA resulted in significantly higher μTBS (p<0.001), but the highest μTBS was measured on sound dentin (p<0.001). TC decreased μTBS significantly in all groups (p<0.001) except for sound dentin and NaOCl+DCA (p>0.05). Adhesive failures prevailed in eroded groups, whereas cohesive failures were predominant on sound dentin. ABRZ was recognized in all groups but marked morphological differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS The combined use of 6% NaOCl and the arylsulfinate salt-containing agent partially reversed the compromised bonding performance on eroded dentin, while the effect of 50 ppm HOCl was negligible.
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Watanabe K, Tichy A, Kamoi K, Hiasa M, Yonekura K, Tanaka E, Nakajima M, Hosaka K. Restoration of a Microdont Using the Resin Composite Injection Technique With a Fully Digital Workflow: A Flexible 3D-printed Index With a Stabilization Holder. Oper Dent 2023; 48:483-489. [PMID: 37503684 DOI: 10.2341/23-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Direct composite restorations are accepted as a treatment option for microdontia, which is a relatively prevalent condition that poses esthetic concerns. While free-hand composite placement is technique-sensitive and time-consuming, the resin composite injection technique is more straightforward and predictable. A fully digital workflow has been recently introduced, but the 3D-printed resin index is rigid and challenged by undercuts, as opposed to the silicone index. This case report presents a flexible 3D-printed resin index, which can accurately transfer the digitally simulated functional and esthetic form to the final restoration. In addition, a rigid stabilization holder was designed to stabilize the flexible index.
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Hosaka AJ, Sanetomo R, Hosaka K. A de novo genome assembly of Solanum verrucosum Schlechtendal, a Mexican diploid species geographically isolated from other diploid A-genome species of potato relatives. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2022; 12:6625657. [PMID: 35775942 PMCID: PMC9339273 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are over 100 known species of cultivated potatoes and their wild relatives. Many of these species, including cultivated potatoes, share the A genome; these species are mainly distributed in South America and are reproductively isolated from Mexican diploid species. The only diploid A-genome species distributed in Mexico is Solanum verrucosum Schlechtendal, which is also a maternal progenitor of Mexican polyploid species. In this study, we constructed a high-quality de novo assembly of the S. verrucosum genome using PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding technologies. A monohaploid clone (2n = x = 12) of S. verrucosum was used to reduce assembly difficulty due to the heterozygous nature of the species. The final sequence assembly consisted of 780.2 Mb of sequence, 684.0 Mb of which were anchored to the 12 chromosomes, with a scaffold N50 of 55.2 Mb. Putative centromeres were identified using publicly available data obtained via chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing against a centromere-specific histone 3 protein. Transposable elements accounted for approximately 61.8% (482.1 Mb) of the genome, and 46,904 genes were functionally annotated. High gene synteny and similarity were revealed among the genomes of S. verrucosum, Solanum commersonii, Solanum chacoense, Solanum phureja, Solanum tuberosum, and Solanum lycopersicum. The reference-quality S. verrucosum genome will provide new insights into the evolution of Mexican polyploid species and contribute to potato breeding programs.
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Davoodian N, Lebel T, Castellano MA, Hosaka K. Hysterangiales revisited: expanded phylogeny reveals new genera and two new suborders. Fungal Syst Evol 2022; 8:65-80. [PMID: 35005573 PMCID: PMC8687064 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.08.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hysterangiales (Phallomycetidae, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) is a diverse, nearly cosmopolitan order of predominantly hypogeous, sequestrate, ectomycorrhizal fungi. Expanding on previously published phylogenies, we significantly increased sampling of Hysterangiales specimens, emphasizing representatives from Australia. Using protein-coding genes atp6 (adenosine triphosphate synthase subunit 6) and tef1 (translation elongation factor 1-á), we recovered 26 provisional novel genera, and corroborated existing genera and families. Further, two new suborders (Phallogastrineae subord. nov. and Hysterangineae subord. nov.) and a new family (Phallogastraceae fam. nov.) are described, and three new combinations made to Phallogaster. Aspects of classification and biogeography are presented.
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Sanon K, Hatayam T, Hosaka K, Nakajima M. Effect of Zinc Chloride on HOCl-Smear Layer Deproteinization. Dent Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zimmer R, Leite ML, de Souza Costa CA, Hebling J, Anovazzi G, Klein CA, Hosaka K, Reston ED. Effect of Time and Temperature of Air Jet on the Mechanical and Biological Behavior of a Universal Adhesive System. Oper Dent 2021; 47:87-96. [PMID: 34624102 DOI: 10.2341/20-038-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the influence of heat application on the degree of conversion (DC) of the 3M Single Bond Universal Adhesive System, as well as its transdentinal cytotoxicity and microtensile bond strength to dentin. METHODS Experimental groups were established according to the time and temperature of the air jet: G1: 5 seconds-25°C; G2: 10 seconds-25°C; G3: 20 seconds-25°C; G4: 5 seconds-50°C; G5: 10 seconds-50°C; G6: 20 seconds-50°C. In control group (G7), no treatment was performed. The DC was assessed using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) technique. For the transdentinal cytotoxicity test, dentin discs fitted in artificial pulp chambers (APC) received the application of the adhesive system and the air jets. For the microtensile bond strength, healthy molars were restored and submitted to the microtensile test after 24 hours and 6 months, respectively. RESULTS Significant reduction in viability of Mouse Dental Papilla Cell-23 (MDPC-23), which exhibited morphological changes, was observed in all experimental groups compared to control (p<0.05). Although all tested protocols resulted in transdentinal diffusion of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), the group G6 presented the highest degree of monomeric conversion and the lowest cytotoxic effect, with higher dentin bond strength values in comparison to group G1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Applying an air blast at 50°C for 20 seconds increases the DC and microtensile bond strength of the 3M Single Bond Universal Adhesive System to dentin, as well as reduces the transdentinal cytotoxicity of the material to pulp cells.
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Tichy A, Hosaka K, Abdou A, Nakajima M, Tagami J. Degree of Conversion Contributes to Dentin Bonding Durability of Contemporary Universal Adhesives. Oper Dent 2020; 45:556-566. [DOI: 10.2341/19-165-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
The degree of conversion of contemporary universal adhesives positively correlates with the bond strength to dentin. The correlation is more marked after thermocycling, suggesting that a high degree of conversion is required for long-term dentin bonding durability.
SUMMARY
Purpose: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of five contemporary universal adhesives to dentin after 24 hours and thermocycling (TC), to measure their degrees of conversion (DC) and to test the correlation between μTBS and DC.
Methods and Materials: Four commercially available universal adhesives, Prime&Bond universal (PBU), Ecosite Bond (EB), G-Premio Bond (GPB), and Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (UBQ), and one experimental adhesive, UBQ without an amide monomer (UBQ-A), were used in this study. For the μTBS test, midcoronal dentin of 50 human molars was exposed, ground using 600-grit SiC paper, and the adhesives were applied according to the manufacturers’ instructions. After resin-composite buildup and 24-hour water storage, one-half of the specimens were subjected to 15,000 thermal cycles. The specimens were sectioned into beams and stressed in tension at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. The DC of adhesives applied to dentin was evaluated using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy immediately after light-curing. All data were statistically analyzed at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The highest μTBSs were obtained with UBQ, UBQ-A, and PBU, which were not significantly different from each other both after 24 hours and TC. The μTBS of GPB was lower compared with the aforementioned adhesives, but significantly only after TC, and the lowest μTBSs were obtained with EB. TC did not affect the μTBSs of UBQ, UBQ-A, and PBU significantly, but a significant decrease was observed with GPB and EB. The highest DC was obtained with PBU and UBQ, followed by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate–rich adhesives UBQ-A and EB, which exhibited significantly lower DCs. The DC of GPB could not be determined because the reference peak at 1608 cm−1 was not detected in its spectra. A significant positive correlation was shown between μTBS and DC after 24 hours (r=0.716) and TC (r=0.856).
Conclusion: μTBS and DC were positively correlated, more markedly after TC, which suggests that DC may be an important factor for bond durability.
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Crous P, Wingfield M, Burgess T, Hardy G, Gené J, Guarro J, Baseia I, García D, Gusmão L, Souza-Motta C, Thangavel R, Adamčík S, Barili A, Barnes C, Bezerra J, Bordallo J, Cano-Lira J, de Oliveira R, Ercole E, Hubka V, Iturrieta-González I, Kubátová A, Martín M, Moreau PA, Morte A, Ordoñez M, Rodríguez A, Stchigel A, Vizzini A, Abdollahzadeh J, Abreu V, Adamčíková K, Albuquerque G, Alexandrova A, Álvarez Duarte E, Armstrong-Cho C, Banniza S, Barbosa R, Bellanger JM, Bezerra J, Cabral T, Caboň M, Caicedo E, Cantillo T, Carnegie A, Carmo L, Castañeda-Ruiz R, Clement C, Čmoková A, Conceição L, Cruz R, Damm U, da Silva B, da Silva G, da Silva R, de A. Santiago A, de Oliveira L, de Souza C, Déniel F, Dima B, Dong G, Edwards J, Félix C, Fournier J, Gibertoni T, Hosaka K, Iturriaga T, Jadan M, Jany JL, Jurjević Ž, Kolařík M, Kušan I, Landell M, Leite Cordeiro T, Lima D, Loizides M, Luo S, Machado A, Madrid H, Magalhães O, Marinho P, Matočec N, Mešić A, Miller A, Morozova O, Neves R, Nonaka K, Nováková A, Oberlies N, Oliveira-Filho J, Oliveira T, Papp V, Pereira O, Perrone G, Peterson S, Pham T, Raja H, Raudabaugh D, Řehulka J, Rodríguez-Andrade E, Saba M, Schauflerová A, Shivas R, Simonini G, Siqueira J, Sousa J, Stajsic V, Svetasheva T, Tan Y, Tkalčec Z, Ullah S, Valente P, Valenzuela-Lopez N, Abrinbana M, Viana Marques D, Wong P, Xavier de Lima V, Groenewald J. Fungal Planet description sheets: 716-784. PERSOONIA 2018; 40:240-393. [PMID: 30505003 PMCID: PMC6146637 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetopsina eucalypti on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Colletotrichum cobbittiense from Cordyline stricta × C. australis hybrid, Cyanodermella banksiae on Banksia ericifolia subsp. macrantha, Discosia macrozamiae on Macrozamia miquelii, Elsinoë banksiigena on Banksia marginata, Elsinoë elaeocarpi on Elaeocarpus sp., Elsinoë leucopogonis on Leucopogon sp., Helminthosporium livistonae on Livistona australis, Idriellomyces eucalypti (incl. Idriellomyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus obliqua, Lareunionomyces eucalypti on Eucalyptus sp., Myrotheciomyces corymbiae (incl. Myrotheciomyces gen. nov., Myrotheciomycetaceae fam. nov.), Neolauriomyces eucalypti (incl. Neolauriomyces gen. nov., Neolauriomycetaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus sp., Nullicamyces eucalypti (incl. Nullicamyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Oidiodendron eucalypti on Eucalyptus maidenii, Paracladophialophora cyperacearum (incl. Paracladophialophoraceae fam. nov.) and Periconia cyperacearum on leaves of Cyperaceae, Porodiplodia livistonae (incl. Porodiplodia gen. nov., Porodiplodiaceae fam. nov.) on Livistona australis, Sporidesmium melaleucae (incl. Sporidesmiales ord. nov.) on Melaleuca sp., Teratosphaeria sieberi on Eucalyptus sieberi, Thecaphora australiensis in capsules of a variant of Oxalis exilis. Brazil, Aspergillus serratalhadensis from soil, Diaporthe pseudoinconspicua from Poincianella pyramidalis, Fomitiporella pertenuis on dead wood, Geastrum magnosporum on soil, Marquesius aquaticus (incl. Marquesius gen. nov.) from submerged decaying twig and leaves of unidentified plant, Mastigosporella pigmentata from leaves of Qualea parviflorae, Mucor souzae from soil, Mycocalia aquaphila on decaying wood from tidal detritus, Preussia citrullina as endophyte from leaves of Citrullus lanatus, Queiroziella brasiliensis (incl. Queiroziella gen. nov.) as epiphytic yeast on leaves of Portea leptantha, Quixadomyces cearensis (incl. Quixadomyces gen. nov.) on decaying bark, Xylophallus clavatus on rotten wood. Canada, Didymella cari on Carum carvi and Coriandrum sativum. Chile, Araucasphaeria foliorum (incl. Araucasphaeria gen. nov.) on Araucaria araucana, Aspergillus tumidus from soil, Lomentospora valparaisensis from soil. Colombia, Corynespora pseudocassiicola on Byrsonima sp., Eucalyptostroma eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus pellita, Neometulocladosporiella eucalypti (incl. Neometulocladosporiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla, Tracylla eucalypti (incl. Tracyllaceae fam. nov., Tracyllalales ord. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla. Cyprus, Gyromitra anthracobia (incl. Gyromitra subg. Pseudoverpa) on burned soil. Czech Republic, Lecanicillium restrictum from the surface of the wooden barrel, Lecanicillium testudineum from scales of Trachemys scripta elegans. Ecuador, Entoloma yanacolor and Saproamanita quitensis on soil. France, Lentithecium carbonneanum from submerged decorticated Populus branch. Hungary, Pleuromyces hungaricus (incl. Pleuromyces gen. nov.) from a large Fagus sylvatica log. Iran, Zymoseptoria crescenta on Aegilops triuncialis. Malaysia, Ochroconis musicola on Musa sp. Mexico, Cladosporium michoacanense from soil. New Zealand , Acrodontium metrosideri on Metrosideros excelsa, Polynema podocarpi on Podocarpus totara, Pseudoarthrographis phlogis (incl. Pseudoarthrographis gen. nov.) on Phlox subulata. Nigeria, Coprinopsis afrocinerea on soil. Pakistan, Russula mansehraensis on soil under Pinus roxburghii. Russia, Baorangia alexandri on soil in deciduous forests with Quercus mongolica. South Africa, Didymocyrtis brachylaenae on Brachylaena discolor. Spain, Alfaria dactylis from fruit of Phoenix dactylifera, Dothiora infuscans from a blackened wall, Exophiala nidicola from the nest of an unidentified bird, Matsushimaea monilioides from soil, Terfezia morenoi on soil. United Arab Emirates, Tirmania honrubiae on soil. USA, Arxotrichum wyomingense (incl. Arxotrichum gen. nov.) from soil, Hongkongmyces snookiorum from submerged detritus from a fresh water fen, Leratiomyces tesquorum from soil, Talaromyces tabacinus on leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. Vietnam, Afroboletus vietnamensis on soil in an evergreen tropical forest, Colletotrichum condaoense from Ipomoea pes-caprae. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.
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Fujimatsu M, Hashizume H, Fudan T, Koma Y, Sanetomo R, Ono S, Hosaka K. Harimaru: a new potato variety for a local specialty. BREEDING SCIENCE 2018; 68:284-288. [PMID: 29875613 PMCID: PMC5982187 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.17109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
'Harimaru' is a new potato variety bred from a cross between 'Saikai 35' as a female parent and 'Pike' as a male parent. Marker selection was performed for 1,647 seedlings to combine resistance genes to late blight (R1), Potato virus Y (Rychc ), Potato virus X (Rx1), and golden cyst nematode (H1). In total, 194 selected clones were evaluated in the field, among which the best clone was officially released as 'Harimaru'. Its yield was slightly lower than the local standard variety, 'May Queen'. However, it produces tasty potatoes, that do not become mushy with long boiling times despite its high starch content. 'Harimaru' may become a local specialty potato and its multiple resistance to potato viruses may allow cultivation using homemade seed tubers from the previous season's crop.
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Fazal ZH, Hosaka K, Manfredsson FP, Hoh BL. Introducing a Novel Method of Intravascular Adeno-associated Virus-mediated Gene Delivery. VIROLOGY (HYDERABAD) 2018; 2:105. [PMID: 30498814 PMCID: PMC6258074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has shown therapeutic potential as a viral vector in various studies of gene therapy. However, research on its use in targeting intravascular cells in a localized manner is lacking. We introduce a novel method to deliver various AAV serotypes intravascularly and examine their efficiency in transducing cells of the murine carotid artery. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to examine the transduction efficiency of AAV-mediated gene delivery in cells of the murine carotid artery both with and without a fully-formed aneurysm. Results of infection were visualized with green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter gene. METHODS Naïve murine carotid artery or experimentally-induced murine carotid aneurysm was ligated distally and proximally. A small incision was made and 5 uL AAV2, AAV5, AAV8, or AAV9 was microsurgically injected and allowed to incubate for 30 min. Incision was closed and tissue was excised three weeks following AAV injection. Carotid artery or aneurysm tissue was excised and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution. On both naïve carotid artery tissue and aneurysm tissue, GFP was visualized by immunofluorescence using antibody against GFP. RESULTS Three out of four serotypes of AAV successfully transduced cells within both the murine aneurysm tissue and the naïve carotid artery tissue. AAV5- and AAV9-transduced aneurysm tissue showed the greatest presence of GFP, with AAV8 showing less overall fluorescence. AAV2 showed no fluorescence. CONCLUSION AAV-mediated gene delivery is an effective way to transduce cells intravascularly with a transgene of interest. Our method can be generalized across a wide variety of studies to further research or treat other vascular disease.
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Crous P, Wingfield M, Burgess T, Hardy G, Barber P, Alvarado P, Barnes C, Buchanan P, Heykoop M, Moreno G, Thangavel R, van der Spuy S, Barili A, Barrett S, Cacciola S, Cano-Lira J, Crane C, Decock C, Gibertoni T, Guarro J, Guevara-Suarez M, Hubka V, Kolařík M, Lira C, Ordoñez M, Padamsee M, Ryvarden L, Soares A, Stchigel A, Sutton D, Vizzini A, Weir B, Acharya K, Aloi F, Baseia I, Blanchette R, Bordallo J, Bratek Z, Butler T, Cano-Canals J, Carlavilla J, Chander J, Cheewangkoon R, Cruz R, da Silva M, Dutta A, Ercole E, Escobio V, Esteve-Raventós F, Flores J, Gené J, Góis J, Haines L, Held B, Jung MH, Hosaka K, Jung T, Jurjević Ž, Kautman V, Kautmanova I, Kiyashko A, Kozanek M, Kubátová A, Lafourcade M, La Spada F, Latha K, Madrid H, Malysheva E, Manimohan P, Manjón J, Martín M, Mata M, Merényi Z, Morte A, Nagy I, Normand AC, Paloi S, Pattison N, Pawłowska J, Pereira O, Petterson M, Picillo B, Raj K, Roberts A, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez-Campo F, Romański M, Ruszkiewicz-Michalska M, Scanu B, Schena L, Semelbauer M, Sharma R, Shouche Y, Silva V, Staniaszek-Kik M, Stielow J, Tapia C, Taylor P, Toome-Heller M, Vabeikhokhei J, van Diepeningen A, Van Hoa N, M. VT, Wiederhold N, Wrzosek M, Zothanzama J, Groenewald J. Fungal Planet description sheets: 558-624. PERSOONIA 2017; 38:240-384. [PMID: 29151634 PMCID: PMC5645186 DOI: 10.3767/003158517x698941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia: Banksiophoma australiensis (incl. Banksiophoma gen. nov.) on Banksia coccinea, Davidiellomycesaustraliensis (incl. Davidiellomyces gen. nov.) on Cyperaceae, Didymocyrtis banksiae on Banksia sessilis var. cygnorum, Disculoides calophyllae on Corymbia calophylla, Harknessia banksiae on Banksia sessilis, Harknessia banksiae-repens on Banksia repens, Harknessia banksiigena on Banksia sessilis var. cygnorum, Harknessia communis on Podocarpus sp., Harknessia platyphyllae on Eucalyptus platyphylla, Myrtacremonium eucalypti (incl. Myrtacremonium gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus globulus, Myrtapenidiella balenae on Eucalyptus sp., Myrtapenidiella eucalyptigena on Eucalyptus sp., Myrtapenidiella pleurocarpae on Eucalyptuspleurocarpa, Paraconiothyrium hakeae on Hakea sp., Paraphaeosphaeria xanthorrhoeae on Xanthorrhoea sp., Parateratosphaeria stirlingiae on Stirlingia sp., Perthomyces podocarpi (incl. Perthomyces gen. nov.) on Podocarpus sp., Readeriella ellipsoidea on Eucalyptus sp., Rosellinia australiensis on Banksia grandis, Tiarosporella corymbiae on Corymbia calophylla, Verrucoconiothyriumeucalyptigenum on Eucalyptus sp., Zasmidium commune on Xanthorrhoea sp., and Zasmidium podocarpi on Podocarpus sp. Brazil: Cyathus aurantogriseocarpus on decaying wood, Perenniporia brasiliensis on decayed wood, Perenniporia paraguyanensis on decayed wood, and Pseudocercospora leandrae-fragilis on Leandrafragilis.Chile: Phialocephala cladophialophoroides on human toe nail. Costa Rica: Psathyrella striatoannulata from soil. Czech Republic: Myotisia cremea (incl. Myotisia gen. nov.) on bat droppings. Ecuador: Humidicutis dictiocephala from soil, Hygrocybe macrosiparia from soil, Hygrocybe sangayensis from soil, and Polycephalomyces onorei on stem of Etlingera sp. France: Westerdykella centenaria from soil. Hungary: Tuber magentipunctatum from soil. India: Ganoderma mizoramense on decaying wood, Hodophilus indicus from soil, Keratinophyton turgidum in soil, and Russula arunii on Pterigota alata.Italy: Rhodocybe matesina from soil. Malaysia: Apoharknessia eucalyptorum, Harknessia malayensis, Harknessia pellitae, and Peyronellaea eucalypti on Eucalyptus pellita, Lectera capsici on Capsicum annuum, and Wallrothiella gmelinae on Gmelina arborea.Morocco: Neocordana musigena on Musa sp. New Zealand: Candida rongomai-pounamu on agaric mushroom surface, Candida vespimorsuum on cup fungus surface, Cylindrocladiella vitis on Vitis vinifera, Foliocryphia eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus sp., Ramularia vacciniicola on Vaccinium sp., and Rhodotorula ngohengohe on bird feather surface. Poland: Tolypocladium fumosum on a caterpillar case of unidentified Lepidoptera.Russia: Pholiotina longistipitata among moss. Spain: Coprinopsis pseudomarcescibilis from soil, Eremiomyces innocentii from soil, Gyroporus pseudocyanescens in humus, Inocybe parvicystis in humus, and Penicillium parvofructum from soil. Unknown origin: Paraphoma rhaphiolepidis on Rhaphiolepsis indica.USA: Acidiella americana from wall of a cooling tower, Neodactylaria obpyriformis (incl. Neodactylaria gen. nov.) from human bronchoalveolar lavage, and Saksenaea loutrophoriformis from human eye. Vietnam: Phytophthora mekongensis from Citrus grandis, and Phytophthora prodigiosa from Citrus grandis. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided.
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Hatayama T, Nakajima M, Hosaka K, Kainose K, Wakabayashi N, Tagami J. Stress distribution in resin-core build-up tooth under different load directions. Dent Mater 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nakajima M, Takahashi M, Teerapong M, Thitthaweerat S, Seki N, Hosaka K, Tagami J. Bond strengths of dual-cure adhesive resin cements to dentin. Dent Mater 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Katsuki H, Delagnes J, Hosaka K, Ishioka K, Chiba H, Zijlstra E, Garcia M, Takahashi H, Watanabe K, Kitajima M, Matsumoto Y, Nakamura K, Ohmori K. All-optical control and visualization of ultrafast two-dimensional atomic motions in a single crystal of bismuth. Nat Commun 2013. [PMCID: PMC3868158 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In a bulk solid, optical control of atomic motion provides a better understanding of its physical properties and functionalities. Such studies would benefit from active control and visualization of atomic motions in arbitrary directions, yet, so far, mostly only one-dimensional control has been shown. Here we demonstrate a novel method to optically control and visualize two-dimensional atomic motions in a bulk solid. We use a femtosecond laser pulse to coherently superpose two orthogonal atomic motions in crystalline bismuth. The relative amplitudes of those two motions are manipulated by modulating the intensity profile of the laser pulse, and these controlled motions are quantitatively visualized by density functional theory calculations. Our control-visualization scheme is based on the simple, robust and universal concept that in any physical system, two-dimensional particle motion is decomposed into two orthogonal one-dimensional motions, and thus it is applicable to a variety of condensed matter systems. Controlling the motion of atoms in solids with light allows for a deeper understanding of their fundamental properties, yet most studies only deal with one spatial dimension. Katsuki et al. extend this approach to two-dimensional control and use it to visualize atomic motion in bismuth.
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Sanetomo R, Hosaka K. Pollen transcriptome analysis of Solanum tuberosum (2n = 4x = 48), S. demissum (2n = 6x = 72), and their reciprocal F1 hybrids. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:623-636. [PMID: 23430172 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pollen mRNAs were different in reciprocal F 1 hybrids, which were probably caused by a cytoplasm-nuclear chromosomal genes interaction. We have found reciprocal differences in crossability between F1 hybrids of Solanum tuberosum (T) and a Mexican wild potato species S. demissum (D). When the reciprocal hybrids were crossed as pollen parents with S. demissum, a significantly higher berry-setting rate was obtained in TD compared with DT. In this study, we performed a whole-genome transcript analysis of the pollen mRNA using a high-throughput sequencer. We obtained 12.6 billion bases that were aligned into 13,020 transcripts with 9,366 loci. All possible genetic modes were observed between the parents and their progeny, where over-dominance and under-recessive types were relatively frequent (15.7 and 15.3 %, respectively). We found that 59.1 % of transcripts were more abundant in TD and over fourfold higher transcription levels were found in 66 TD transcripts and three DT transcripts. A higher proportion of over-dominance and a lower proportion of under-recessive transcription types were also observed in TD. The percentage contributions of multiple transcripts at the same locus varied greatly and were transcribed differently between species. In the new allelic combinations created by hybridization, approximately three-fourth of the transcripts had intermediate percentage contributions between the parents but no differential transcription patterns were apparent between the reciprocal hybrids. A broad spectrum of functionally different nuclear genes was over-represented in TD pollen, some of which were directly related to pollen behavior. Since TD and DT pollen had the same composition of nuclear genes, a cytoplasm-nuclear chromosomal genes interaction is suggested for the cause of transcriptional and phenotypic differences between reciprocal hybrids.
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Hosaka K, Sanetomo R. Development of a rapid identification method for potato cytoplasm and its use for evaluating Japanese collections. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2012; 125:1237-51. [PMID: 22696007 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-1909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasm of potatoes, characterized by the presence of T-type chloroplast DNA and β-type mitochondrial DNA, is sensitive to nuclear chromosomal genes that contribute to various types of male sterility. Past breeding efforts with various potato varieties have resulted in several different cytoplasms other than T/β. Varieties with Solanum stoloniferum-derived cytoplasm (W/γ) show complete male sterility, while those with S. demissum-derived cytoplasm (W/α) produce abundant, but non-functional pollen. Thus, identification of cytoplasmic types is important for designing efficient mating combinations. To date, only T-type chloroplast DNA can be accurately identified by a PCR marker. Here, we report a rapid identification technique by multiplex PCR, followed by restriction digestion with BamHI in one reaction tube, and propose a new nomenclature for potato cytoplasm types (T, D, P, A, M, and W). Using this new technique, our collections of 748 genotypes, including 84 Japanese named varieties, 378 breeding lines and 26 landraces, and 260 foreign varieties and breeding lines, were grouped into cytoplasm types: T (73.9 %), D (17.4 %), P (4.5 %), A (1.5 %), M (0.3 %), and W (2.4 %). The utility of this marker system for breeding is discussed.
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Sanetomo R, Hosaka K. A maternally inherited DNA marker, descended from Solanum demissum (2n = 6x = 72) to S. tuberosum (2n = 4x = 48). BREEDING SCIENCE 2011; 61:426-34. [PMID: 23136481 PMCID: PMC3406774 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.61.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A Mexican hexaploid wild potato species, Solanum demissum (dms), was only used as a female in previous breeding programs. The resulting clones with dms cytoplasm produced abundant, but non-functional pollen. A 170 bp DNA fragment, named Band 1, was originally detected in the F(1) hybrid between dms and S. tuberosum. In this study, the sequenced region was extended to 1,032 bp; nevertheless, it did not show any homology to known sequences. This extended region harboring Band 1 was, without introns, all transcribed to mRNA and was maternally inherited from dms to S. tuberosum through backcrosses. Three dms accessions, 168 accessions of 38 cultivated and closely related wild species, and 158 varieties and breeding lines were surveyed, which demonstrated that Band 1 was specific to dms and varieties and breeding lines with dms cytoplasm. Thus, Band 1 is a useful marker to distinguish dms cytoplasm, which enables us to design efficient mating combinations in breeding programs.
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Hosaka K, Sanetomo R. Comparative differentiation in mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA among cultivated potatoes and closely related wild species. Genes Genet Syst 2010; 84:371-8. [PMID: 20154424 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.84.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 476 accessions of seven cultivated and 32 wild potato species previously characterized by nuclear DNA (nDNA) and chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) marker analyses were employed to the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker analysis. Fourteen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with mononucleotide repeat regions were developed from the potato mtDNA, although their variability was extremely low. Six mtDNA markers including three developed SSR markers disclosed 40 banding patterns that discriminated 63 different mtDNAs. For the same set of samples, 72 ctDNA banding patterns discriminated 129 different ctDNAs. Consequently, 164 haplotypes were distinguished. The correlation between ctDNA and mtDNA differentiation was positive (r = 0.226), but poor when compared with that between ctDNA and nDNA (r = 0.415), which likely lowered the utility of mtDNA polymorphisms in evaluating relationships among these species. Nevertheless, a finding of a unique mtDNA type in all T-type ctDNA holders (S. tuberosum and S. tarijense) strongly supports S. tarijense functioned as a maternal ancestor of potato.
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Nakamura S, Hosaka K. DNA methylation in diploid inbred lines of potatoes and its possible role in the regulation of heterosis. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2010; 120:205-14. [PMID: 19455300 PMCID: PMC2793386 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatible diploid potatoes were altered to self-compatible ones by a function of S-locus inhibitor gene and continued selfing generated highly homozygous inbreds. In this study, this process was investigated for the status of DNA methylation by a simple method using genomic DNA digested by methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes prior to RAPD analysis. We detected 31 methylation-sensitive RAPD bands, of which 11 were newly appeared in the selfed progenies, and 6 of them stably inherited to subsequent generations. Aberrant segregations and paternal- or atavism-like transmission were also found. Segregating methylation-sensitive bands in initial populations became fixed in the advanced selfed progenies by 75.0-93.8%, of which 41.7% were fixed to all present and 58.3% to all absent. Because DNA methylation is generally recognized to suppress gene expression as regulatory factors, homozygosity/heterozygosity of methylated DNA may be involved in inbreeding depression/heterosis.
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Hosaka K, Nishitani Y, Tagami J, Yoshiyama M, Brackett WW, Agee KA, Tay FR, Pashley DH. Durability of resin-dentin bonds to water- vs. ethanol-saturated dentin. J Dent Res 2009; 88:146-51. [PMID: 19278986 DOI: 10.1177/0022034508328910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher 24-hour resin-dentin bond strengths are created when ethanol is used to replace water during wet bonding. This in vitro study examined if ethanol-wet-bonding can increase the durability of resin-dentin bonds over longer times. Five increasingly hydrophilic experimental resin blends were bonded to acid-etched dentin saturated with water or ethanol. Following composite build-ups, the teeth were reduced into beams for 24-hour microtensile bond strength evaluation, and for water-aging at 37 degrees C for 3, 6, or 12 months before additional bond strength measurements. Although most bonds made to water-saturated dentin did not change over time, those made to ethanol-saturated dentin exhibited higher bond strengths, and none of them fell over time. Decreased collagen fibrillar diameter and increased interfibrillar spacing were seen in hybrid layers created with ethanol-wet-bonding. Increases in bond strength and durability in ethanol-wet-bonding may be due to higher resin uptake and better resin sealing of the collagen matrix, thereby minimizing endogenous collagenolytic activities.
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Sukhotu T, Hosaka K. Origin and evolution of Andigena potatoes revealed by chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers. Genome 2006; 49:636-47. [PMID: 16936843 DOI: 10.1139/g06-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Andigena potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena Hawkes) (2n = 4x = 48) are important, native-farmer-selected cultivars in the Andes, which form a primary gene pool for improving a worldwide grown potato (S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum). To elucidate the origin of Andigena, 196 Andigena accessions were compared with 301 accessions of 33 closely related cultivated and wild species using several types of chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) markers and nuclear DNA (nDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Fourteen ctDNA types (haplotypes) and 115 RFLP bands were detected in Andigena, of which the main haplotypes and frequent RFLP bands were mostly shared with a cultivated diploid species, S. stenotomum Juz. et Buk. Principal component analysis of nDNA polymorphisms revealed a progressive and continuous variation from Peruvian wild species with C-type ctDNA to a group of wild species having S-type ctDNA in its variation range (S. bukasovii, S. canasense, S. candolleanum, and S. multidissectum), to cultivated diploid potatoes (S. phureja and S. stenotomum), and to cultivated tetraploid potatoes (Andigena and Chilean S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum). These results suggest that the initial Andigena population arose with multiple origins exclusively from S. stenotomum. The overall evolutionary process toward the present-day Andigena was discussed.
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Ogawa Y, Hosaka K, Chin M, Zhengxiong C, Mitsuhashi H. Synthesis of (Z)-3-Butylidene-4-hydroxyphthalide. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919208021308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Phumichai C, Mori M, Kobayashi A, Kamijima O, Hosaka K. Toward the development of highly homozygous diploid potato lines using the self-compatibility controllingSligene. Genome 2005; 48:977-84. [PMID: 16391667 DOI: 10.1139/g05-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cultivated diploid potatoes (2n = 2x = 24) are self-incompatible, but can be altered to become self-compatible using the Sli gene. Previously, a diploid clone 97H32–6 was selfed up to S3using the Sli gene. To explore the usefulness of the Sli gene for the production of highly homozygous diploid potatoes, 2 S4families from the above 97H32-6 derived S3lines (inbred series A) and 3 S5families by continuous selfings from a different F1(= S0) plant (inbred series B) were developed. The level of heterozygosity and the location of heterozygous loci on the genetic map were investigated using RFLP and AFLP markers. The average heterozygosity levels of the originally heterozygous loci decreased from 100% in S0to 10.7% in S4and 8.6% in S5(inbred series A and B, respectively). The average rate of reduction in heterozygosity per generation (38.4% and 38.5% for inbred series A and B, respectively) was lower than the theoretically expected rate (50%). However, none of the loci or chromosome sections was exclusively heterozygous in the advanced self-progeny. Thus, highly homozygous and seed-propagated diploid potatoes could be obtained by repeated selfing using the Sli gene.Key words: Selfing, heterozygosity, diploid potato, Sli gene, Solanum.
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