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Johnson G, Dave S, Teeter W, Scalea T, Kolokythas C, Gaasch S, Mursch D, Broski J, Daniels B, Powell E, Boswell K, Haase D, Andersen B, Sai-Ho C, Sadler C, Galvagno S. 8: MOLECULAR ADSORBENT RECIRCULATING SYSTEM THERAPY FOR ACUTE LIVER FAILURE: INSTITUTIONAL INDICATIONS. Crit Care Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000806500.99070.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hansen MJ, Krause S, Breuker M, Kurvers RHJM, Dhellemmes F, Viblanc PE, Müller J, Mahlow C, Boswell K, Marras S, Domenici P, Wilson ADM, Herbert-Read JE, Steffensen JF, Fritsch G, Hildebrandt TB, Zaslansky P, Bach P, Sabarros PS, Krause J. Linking hunting weaponry to attack strategies in sailfish and striped marlin. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192228. [PMID: 31937224 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Linking morphological differences in foraging adaptations to prey choice and feeding strategies has provided major evolutionary insights across taxa. Here, we combine behavioural and morphological approaches to explore and compare the role of the rostrum (bill) and micro-teeth in the feeding behaviour of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and striped marlin (Kajikia audax) when attacking schooling sardine prey. Behavioural results from high-speed videos showed that sailfish and striped marlin both regularly made rostrum contact with prey but displayed distinct strategies. Marlin used high-speed dashes, breaking schools apart, often contacting prey incidentally or tapping at isolated prey with their rostra; while sailfish used their rostra more frequently and tended to use a slower, less disruptive approach with more horizontal rostral slashes on cohesive prey schools. Capture success per attack was similar between species, but striped marlin had higher capture rates per minute. The rostra of both species are covered with micro-teeth, and micro-CT imaging showed that species did not differ in average micro-tooth length, but sailfish had a higher density of micro-teeth on the dorsal and ventral sides of their rostra and a higher amount of micro-teeth regrowth, suggesting a greater amount of rostrum use is associated with more investment in micro-teeth. Our analysis shows that the rostra of billfish are used in distinct ways and we discuss our results in the broader context of relationships between morphological and behavioural feeding adaptations across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hansen
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin 12587, Germany
| | - S Krause
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lübeck University of Applied Sciences, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - M Breuker
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lübeck University of Applied Sciences, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - R H J M Kurvers
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin 12587, Germany.,Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - F Dhellemmes
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin 12587, Germany
| | - P E Viblanc
- Faculty of Life Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - J Müller
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - C Mahlow
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - K Boswell
- Department of Biological Science, Marine Sciences Program, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - S Marras
- IAMC-CNR, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Località Sa Mardini, 09170 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - P Domenici
- IAMC-CNR, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Località Sa Mardini, 09170 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - A D M Wilson
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - J E Herbert-Read
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - J F Steffensen
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, Helsingør 3000, Denmark
| | - G Fritsch
- Department for Reproduction Management and Reproduction Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße, Berlin 1710315, Germany
| | - T B Hildebrandt
- Department for Reproduction Management and Reproduction Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße, Berlin 1710315, Germany
| | - P Zaslansky
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - P Bach
- IRD, Centre Halieutique Méditerranéen et Tropical, BP 171, Sète Cedex 34203, France
| | - P S Sabarros
- IRD, Centre Halieutique Méditerranéen et Tropical, BP 171, Sète Cedex 34203, France.,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 248 MARBEC, Ob7, Avenue Jean Monnet, CS 30171, Sète Cedex 34203, France
| | - J Krause
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin 12587, Germany.,Faculty of Life Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, Berlin 10115, Germany
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Boswell K, Cameron H, West J, Fleming C, Ibbotson S, Dawe R, Foerster J. Cost of narrowband ultraviolet B for psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Boswell K, Cameron H, West J, Fleming C, Ibbotson S, Dawe R, Foerster J. 窄波 UVB 用于银屑病治疗的费用. Br J Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Boswell K, Cameron H, West J, Fleming C, Ibbotson S, Dawe R, Foerster J. Narrowband ultraviolet B treatment for psoriasis is highly economical and causes significant savings in cost for topical treatments. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:1148-1156. [PMID: 29901862 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) treatment for psoriasis is considered expensive. However, existing data are based on estimates and do not consider indirect cost savings. OBJECTIVES To define the actual costs of NB-UVB incurred by the service provider, as well as treatment-associated cost savings. METHODS We performed data linkage of (i) comprehensive treatment records and (ii) prescribing data for all NB-UVB treatment episodes spanning 6 years in a population of 420 000. We minimized data fluctuation by compiling data from four independent treatment sites, and using drug prescriptions unrelated to psoriasis as a negative control. RESULTS National Health Service Tayside spent an average of £257 per NB-UVB treatment course (mean 257 ± 63, range 150-286, across four independent treatment sites), contrasting sharply with the estimate of £1882 used by the U.K. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. The cost of topical treatments averaged £128 per patient in the 12 months prior to NB-UVB, accounting for 42% of the overall drug costs incurred by these patients. This was reduced by 40% to £53 per patient over the 12-month period following NB-UVB treatment, while psoriasis-unrelated drug prescription remained unchanged, suggesting disease-specific effects of NB-UVB. The data were not due to site-specific factors, as confirmed by highly similar results observed between treatment sites operated by distinct staff. Finally, we detail all staff hours directly and indirectly involved in treatment, allowing direct translation of cost into other healthcare systems. CONCLUSIONS NB-UVB is a low-cost treatment; cost figures currently used in health technology appraisals are an overestimate based on the data presented here. Creating or extending access to NB-UVB is likely to offer additional savings by delaying or avoiding costly third-line treatments for many patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Boswell
- University of Dundee, Medical School, Dundee, U.K.,Department of Dermatology and Photobiology Unit, NHS Tayside, Dundee, U.K
| | - H Cameron
- University of Dundee, Medical School, Dundee, U.K.,Department of Dermatology and Photobiology Unit, NHS Tayside, Dundee, U.K
| | - J West
- University of Dundee, Medical School, Dundee, U.K.,Department of Dermatology and Photobiology Unit, NHS Tayside, Dundee, U.K
| | - C Fleming
- University of Dundee, Medical School, Dundee, U.K.,Department of Dermatology and Photobiology Unit, NHS Tayside, Dundee, U.K
| | - S Ibbotson
- University of Dundee, Medical School, Dundee, U.K.,Department of Dermatology and Photobiology Unit, NHS Tayside, Dundee, U.K
| | - R Dawe
- University of Dundee, Medical School, Dundee, U.K.,Department of Dermatology and Photobiology Unit, NHS Tayside, Dundee, U.K.,National Managed Clinical Network for Phototherapy (Photonet), NHS Scotland, Dundee, U.K
| | - J Foerster
- University of Dundee, Medical School, Dundee, U.K.,Department of Dermatology and Photobiology Unit, NHS Tayside, Dundee, U.K
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Lewis MH, Lindenmaier Z, Boswell K, Edington G, King MA, Muehlmann AM. Subthalamic nucleus pathology contributes to repetitive behavior expression and is reversed by environmental enrichment. Genes Brain Behav 2018; 17:e12468. [PMID: 29457676 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive motor behaviors are common in neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and neurological disorders. Despite their prevalence in certain clinical populations, our understanding of the neurobiological cause of repetitive behavior is lacking. Likewise, not knowing the pathophysiology has precluded efforts to find effective drug treatments. Our comparisons between mouse strains that differ in their expression of repetitive behavior showed an important role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). In mice with high rates of repetitive behavior, we found significant differences in dendritic spine density, gene expression and neuronal activation in the STN. Taken together, these data show a hypoglutamatergic state. Furthermore, by using environmental enrichment to reduce repetitive behavior, we found evidence of increased glutamatergic tone in the STN with our measures of spine density and gene expression. These results suggest the STN is a major contributor to repetitive behavior expression and highlight the potential of drugs that increase STN function to reduce repetitive behavior in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Z Lindenmaier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - K Boswell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - G Edington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - M A King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - A M Muehlmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Boswell K, Kwong WJ, Kavanagh S. Burden of opioid-associated gastrointestinal side effects from clinical and economic perspectives: a systematic literature review. J Opioid Manag 2010; 6:269-289. [PMID: 20862907 DOI: 10.5055/jom.2010.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Opioid analgesia is the mainstay of treatment for moderate to severe acute and chronic pain and is highly effective in relieving pain but can be limited by side effects, the most common of which affect the gastrointestinal (GI) and central nervous systems. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that opioid-associated GI side effects constitute an important health problem with significant humanistic and economic consequences that warrant consideration by healthcare professionals and administrators in optimizing patients' pain management. This article documents the frequency of opioid-associated GI side effects and describes its clinical and economic burdens based on a systematic review of the medical literature between 1966 and 2008.
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Hill P, O'Grady A, Millar B, Boswell K. The patient care development programme: organisational development through user and staff involvement. Int J Health Care Qual Assur Inc Leadersh Health Serv 2001; 13:153-61. [PMID: 11486668 DOI: 10.1108/09526860010336957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of approaches have been developed in recent years to try effectively to engage service users in the process of planning and delivering health-care services. The consumerist methodology for the strategy described in this paper was designed to maximise staff involvement in capturing user views, in order to develop services at a district general hospital. This strategy--the Patient Care Development Programme (PCDP)--provides a framework for both staff and patient involvement in shaping and influencing the development of health-care services. Uses the findings from applying the strategy to modify care packages, roles, skills, layouts, protocols and procedures, in response to both the "shortfalls" and the service strengths that the patient's view uncovers. Discusses the results of an evaluation of the programme which has been replicated in another part of the UK. The PCDP now forms part of a clinical governance framework and is being used to develop multi-agency integrated care pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hill
- Royal United Hospital, Bath NHS Trust, Bath, UK
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Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA), an n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA), serves an important role in the body as a structural fatty acid of many tissues including neurological tissues. It is also a precursor of the n-6 class of eicosanoids and is the most abundant n-6 LC-PUFA found in human breast milk. We have optimized the production of a microfungal source of a triglyceride oil (ARASCO) which is enriched in AA to about 40% by weight. To establish the safety of this oil as a food, we evaluated the effect of ARASCO in Sprague-Dawley rats (20/sex/group) gavaged at dose levels of 1.0 and 2.5 g/kg/d for a period of 90 d, paying special attention to any potential neurotoxicity of the oil. Two groups of control animals received either untreated standard laboratory diet (untreated control) or the same diet and vehicle oil at the same dose volume administered to the treated animals (vehicle control). Physical observations, ophthalmoscopic examinations, body weight, food consumption, clinical chemistry, hematology parameters, neurobehavioral assessments, and macroscopic as well as microscopic postmortem evaluations were performed. Tissue fatty acid analyses indicated that the AA levels in the brain, heart, and liver of the high-dose ARASCO-fed animals increased by 8, 59, and 76%, respectively, indicating that the AA in the oil was readily incorporated into tissue lipids. In spite of this high elevation in tissue AA levels, no developmental, histopathological, or neuropathological differences were seen in the animals administered ARASCO compared with the vehicle control animals. Being highly enriched in AA, ARASCO offers the means to study the effect of this fatty acid in experimental settings and in human metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Koskelo
- Martek Biosciences Corporation, Columbia, Maryland 21045, USA
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Boswell K, Koskelo EK, Carl L, Glaza S, Hensen DJ, Williams KD, Kyle DJ. Preclinical evaluation of single-cell oils that are highly enriched with arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Food Chem Toxicol 1996; 34:585-93. [PMID: 8761351 DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(96)00019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are important in human brain and retina development, and there is growing evidence showing the importance of these fatty acids in infant nutrition. Triglyceride oils, highly enriched in ARA (ARASCO) and DHA (DHASCO), were evaluated using very high dose acute (20 g/kg) and 4-wk subchronic gavage feedings in weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. The combination of these oils, Formulaid, was also tested in the 4-wk subchronic study, ARASCO, DHASCO and Formulaid were found to have a no-observable-adverse-effect level of more than 2.5 g/ kg/day, 1.25 g/kg/day and 3.75 g/kg/day, respectively. This represents a 50-fold safety margin over the intended use of Formulaid in infant formula. Survival, clinical signs, body weight gain, food consumption, haematology, clinical chemistry and histopathological evaluations failed to show any significant differences in animals administered ARASCO, DHASCO or Formulaid compared with that in control animals administered equal amounts of high oleic sunflower oil. The bioavailability of ARASCO, DHASCO and Formulaid was verified by increases in DHA and ARA levels in heart and liver tissues in these animals. Because these oils are enriched in only a single bioactive fatty acid, and they have been shown to be safe, they may offer a new source of these fatty acids in speciality foods such as infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Boswell
- Martek Biosciences Corporation, Columbia, MD 21045, USA
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Galloway D, Panckhurst F, Boswell K, Boswell C, Green K. Mental health, absences from work, stress and satisfaction in a sample of New Zealand primary school teachers. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1984; 18:359-63. [PMID: 6596943 DOI: 10.3109/00048678409158798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A study of 296 primary school teachers in New Zealand revealed a very low correlation between mental health, measured by the General Health Questionnaire, and absence from work. The correlations between mental health and feelings of stress at work and between mental health and job satisfaction were higher. The most highly rated sources of stress were ranked, as were the most highly rated sources of satisfaction. It is suggested that teachers' experiences of stress are associated with lack of satisfaction with intrinsic aspects of their job rather than with dissatisfaction at their conditions of employment.
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