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Knowledge, attitudes and behaviors on antimicrobial resistance among general public across 14 member states in the WHO European region: results from a cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1274818. [PMID: 38074764 PMCID: PMC10704021 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1274818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health threat requiring urgent action. Pan-European data on knowledge, attitudes and behaviors among the general public regarding antibiotic use and AMR is limited. Methods A multicentric, cross-sectional survey of the general public was conducted in the capital cities of 14 Member States of the WHO European Region. A validated questionnaire from the AMR Eurobarometer survey was used to collect data on antibiotic use and knowledge, access to antibiotics, and understanding of policy responses through face-to-face exit interviews. Results Out of 8,221 respondents from 14 Member States, 50% took antibiotics in the past 12 months and the majority (53%) obtained their most recent course from a medical practitioner. The most reported reasons for taking antibiotics orally in the past 12 months were cold (24%), sore throat (21%), cough (18%), and flu (16%). Overall, 84% of participants showed a lack of knowledge about appropriate antibiotic use. However, only 37% of respondents reported receiving any information in the past year about the importance of avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use. Doctors were the most cited (50%) and most trusted (80%) source of information. Among respondents who experienced COVID-19, 28% took antibiotics with a prescription, while 8% took antibiotics without a prescription. Conclusion This study highlights the urgent need for targeted awareness campaigns and educational initiatives to address knowledge gaps and promote responsible antibiotic use. The findings emphasize the role of the general population in combating AMR. The data serve as baseline information for future evaluations and interventions in the Region.
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Erratum: Search for Cosmic-Ray Boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter Using Recoil Protons at Super-Kamiokande [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 031802 (2023)]. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:159903. [PMID: 37897794 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.159903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.031802.
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Clinical Implementation of Weak Magnetic Field Generator in Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e701-e702. [PMID: 37786058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The application of weak magnetic fields may improve radiation therapy efficacy by manipulating the free radical activity induced by radiation to optimize tumor death. Once the device is commercially available, we will conduct clinical trials to determine the clinical impact of the weak magnetic field. However, the magnetic field generator (MFG) restricts Linac gantry rotation to approximately 180° and this limitation may limit treatment plan quality. This work is a continuation of an ongoing study to determine if the gantry angle restrictions can be compensated for during treatment planning. MATERIALS/METHODS Previous work has demonstrated the feasibility for GBM cases. For this work, 10 prostate cancer treatment plans were retrospectively replanned using only coplanar arcs that spanned from 90° to 270° (half-arcs). The prescriptions were 60 Gy for 6 patients, 55.8 Gy for 2 patients, 54 Gy for 1 patient, and 40.05 Gy for 1 patient. The prescription doses were delivered to 95% of the planning target volume (PTV = GTV + 2 cm). The critical structure doses were compared to determine if clinically equivalent plans could be delivered using half-arcs. RESULTS The dose criteria that were met by the clinical plans were also met by the half-arc plans except for the cases shown in Table 1. Table 1: Doses that did not meet criteria CONCLUSION: The half-arc plans were able to deliver clinically equivalent dose distributions as the clinical treatment plans. This provides continuing evidence that clinical trials will be able to be developed to evaluate the use of weak magnetic fields for radiation therapy.
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Measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters from the T2K experiment using 3.6×1021 protons on target. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 2023; 83:782. [PMID: 37680254 PMCID: PMC10480298 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The T2K experiment presents new measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using 19.7 ( 16.3 ) × 10 20 protons on target (POT) in (anti-)neutrino mode at the far detector (FD). Compared to the previous analysis, an additional 4.7 × 10 20 POT neutrino data was collected at the FD. Significant improvements were made to the analysis methodology, with the near-detector analysis introducing new selections and using more than double the data. Additionally, this is the first T2K oscillation analysis to use NA61/SHINE data on a replica of the T2K target to tune the neutrino flux model, and the neutrino interaction model was improved to include new nuclear effects and calculations. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses are presented, including results on sin 2 θ 13 and the impact of priors on the δ CP measurement. Both analyses prefer the normal mass ordering and upper octant of sin 2 θ 23 with a nearly maximally CP-violating phase. Assuming the normal ordering and using the constraint on sin 2 θ 13 from reactors, sin 2 θ 23 = 0 . 561 - 0.032 + 0.021 using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and Δ m 32 2 = 2 . 494 - 0.058 + 0.041 × 10 - 3 eV 2 using constant Δ χ 2 intervals. The CP-violating phase is constrained to δ CP = - 1 . 97 - 0.70 + 0.97 using Feldman-Cousins corrected intervals, and δ CP = 0 , π is excluded at more than 90% confidence level. A Jarlskog invariant of zero is excluded at more than 2 σ credible level using a flat prior in δ CP , and just below 2 σ using a flat prior in sin δ CP . When the external constraint on sin 2 θ 13 is removed, sin 2 θ 13 = 28 . 0 - 6.5 + 2.8 × 10 - 3 , in agreement with measurements from reactor experiments. These results are consistent with previous T2K analyses.
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Search for Cosmic-Ray Boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter Using Recoil Protons at Super-Kamiokande. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:031802. [PMID: 36763398 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.031802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a search for cosmic-ray boosted dark matter with protons using the 0.37 megaton×years data collected at Super-Kamiokande experiment during the 1996-2018 period (SKI-IV phase). We searched for an excess of proton recoils above the atmospheric neutrino background from the vicinity of the Galactic Center. No such excess is observed, and limits are calculated for two reference models of dark matter with either a constant interaction cross section or through a scalar mediator. This is the first experimental search for boosted dark matter with hadrons using directional information. The results present the most stringent limits on cosmic-ray boosted dark matter and exclude the dark matter-nucleon elastic scattering cross section between 10^{-33}cm^{2} and 10^{-27}cm^{2} for dark matter mass from 1 MeV/c^{2} to 300 MeV/c^{2}.
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Dosimetric Evaluation of Physical Radiation Delivery Limits of a Weak Magnetic Field Generator on GBM Dose Distributions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Corrigendum: Variations in the Consumption of Antimicrobial Medicines in the European Region, 2014-2018: Findings and Implications From ESAC-Net and WHO Europe. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:765748. [PMID: 34658897 PMCID: PMC8515024 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.765748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639207.].
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Variations in the Consumption of Antimicrobial Medicines in the European Region, 2014-2018: Findings and Implications from ESAC-Net and WHO Europe. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639207. [PMID: 34220495 PMCID: PMC8248674 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption (AMC) is important to address inappropriate use. AMC data for countries in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) and Eastern European and Central Asian countries were compared to provide future guidance. Methods: Analyses of 2014-2018 data from 30 EU/EEA countries of the European Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption network (ESAC-Net) and 15 countries of the WHO Regional Office for Europe (WHO Europe) AMC Network were conducted using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and Defined Daily Dose (DDD) methodology. Total consumption (DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day) of antibacterials for systemic use (ATC group J01), relative use (percentages), trends over time, alignment with the WHO Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) classification, concordance with the WHO global indicator (60% of total consumption should be Access agents), and composition of the drug utilization 75% (DU75%) were calculated. Findings: In 2018, total consumption of antibacterials for systemic use (ATC J01) ranged from 8.9 to 34.1 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (population-weighted mean for ESAC-Net 20.0, WHO Europe AMC Network 19.6, ESAC-Net Study Group, and WHO Europe AMC Network Study Group). ESAC-Net countries consumed more penicillins (J01C; 8.7 versus 6.3 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day), more tetracyclines (J01A; 2.2 versus 1.2), less cephalosporins (J01D; 2.3 versus 3.8) and less quinolones (J01M; 1.7 versus 3.4) than WHO Europe AMC Network countries. Between 2014 and 2018, there were statistically significant reductions in total consumption in eight ESAC-Net countries. In 2018, the relative population-weighted mean consumption of Access agents was 57.9% for ESAC-Net and 47.4% for the WHO Europe AMC Network. For each year during 2014-2018, 14 ESAC-Net and one WHO Europe AMC Network countries met the WHO global monitoring target of 60% of total consumption being Access agents. DU75% analyses showed differences in the choices of agents in the two networks. Interpretation: Although total consumption of antibacterials for systemic use was similar in the two networks, the composition of agents varied substantially. The greater consumption of Watch group agents in WHO Europe AMC Network countries suggests opportunities for improved prescribing. Significant decreases in consumption in several ESAC-Net countries illustrate the value of sustained actions to address antimicrobial resistance.
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Neutron-antineutron oscillation search using a 0.37 megaton-years exposure of Super-Kamiokande. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.103.012008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Shortages and price variability of essential cytotoxic medicines for treating children with cancers. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:bmjgh-2020-003282. [PMID: 33173011 PMCID: PMC7656942 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) face the largest burden of mortality from childhood cancers with limited access to curative therapies. Few comparative analyses across all income groups and world regions have examined the availability and acquisition costs of essential medicines for treating cancers in children. Methods A cross-sectional survey involved countries in five income groups—low-income (LIC), lower-middle-income (LMC), upper-middle-income (UMC), two high-income country groups (HIC1, HIC2). Physicians and pharmacists reported institutional use, availability, stock outs and prices (brand and generic products) of 34 essential medicines. Price comparisons used US$, applying foreign exchange rates (XR) and purchasing power parity (PPP) adjustments. Medicine costs for treating acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and Wilms tumour (WT) were calculated (child 29 kg, body surface area 1 m2). Comparisons were conducted using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results Fifty-eight respondents (50 countries) provided information on medicine use, availability and stock outs, with usable price data from 42 facilities (37 countries). The extent of use of International Society of Paediatric Oncology core and ancillary medicines varied across income groups (p<0.0001 and p=0.0002 respectively). LMC and LIC facilities used fewer medicines than UMC and HIC facilities. UMC and LMC facilities were more likely to report medicines not available or stockouts. Medicine prices varied widely within and between income bands; generic products were not always cheaper than brand equivalents. PPP adjustment showed relatively higher prices in UMC and LMC facilities for some medicines. Medicine costs were highest in HICs for ALL (p=0.0075 XR; p=0.0178 PPP-adjusted analyses) and WT (p =<0.0001 XR; p=0.0007 PPP-adjusted). Medicine costs for BL were not significantly different. Conclusion Problems with the availability of essential medicines, dependable supply chains, confidential medicine prices and wide variability in treatment costs contribute to persistent challenges in the care of children with treatable cancers, especially in LMICs.
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0575 Sleep Monitoring with a Single Channel EEG Recorder in Patients with Psychiatric Disorders. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The gold standard of sleep measurement has been laboratory polysomnography (PSG). However, electrodes and cables can cause discomfort, and exposure to an unfamiliar environment can cause the “first-night effect.” Difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep, poor sleep quality, and nightmares are some of the key clinical symptoms observed among individuals with psychiatric disorders. Those suffering from sleep disorders often present with symptoms of discontent with regard to sleep quality, timing, and quantity, and these symptoms have an adverse impact on function and quality of life. A minimally invasive technique would be preferable in patients with psychiatric disorders, who tend to be sensitive to environmental change. Accordingly, we evaluated the performance of a single-channel electroencephalography (EEG)-based sleep monitoring system in patients with psychiatric disorders.
Methods
Fifty-nine patients undergoing PSG were enrolled in this study. Single-channel EEG sleep monitoring was performed simultaneously with PSG. PSG and the EEG recordings were used to evaluate sleep parameters, such as total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, light sleep (stages N1 and N2), and deep sleep (stage N3). Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the agreement on sleep parameters and attributing factors to the inaccuracies of the single-channel EEG recording.
Results
TST, sleep efficiency, REM sleep duration, and non-REM sleep duration of the single-channel EEG-based sleep monitoring showed a significant correlation with those of PSG. Lower sleep efficiency, a decrease in REM sleep, and increases in waking after sleep onset, arousal index, and apnea/hypopnea index were associated with the difference of sleep parameters between the two methods.
Conclusion
Among patients with psychiatric disorders who are sensitive to environmental change single-channel EEG sleep monitoring would be a useful technique to objectively evaluate sleep quality.
Support
Collaboration study with The KAITEKI Institute, Inc.
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Search for Electron Antineutrino Appearance in a Long-Baseline Muon Antineutrino Beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:161802. [PMID: 32383902 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.161802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electron antineutrino appearance is measured by the T2K experiment in an accelerator-produced antineutrino beam, using additional neutrino beam operation to constrain parameters of the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) mixing matrix. T2K observes 15 candidate electron antineutrino events with a background expectation of 9.3 events. Including information from the kinematic distribution of observed events, the hypothesis of no electron antineutrino appearance is disfavored with a significance of 2.40σ and no discrepancy between data and PMNS predictions is found. A complementary analysis that introduces an additional free parameter which allows non-PMNS values of electron neutrino and antineutrino appearance also finds no discrepancy between data and PMNS predictions.
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Constraint on the matter–antimatter symmetry-violating phase in neutrino oscillations. Nature 2020; 580:339-344. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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P2.01-59 PD-L1 Very High Expression Associated with Clinical Outcome of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy of Advanced NSCLC with PD-L1 TPS of 50% or Greater. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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370 Cytokines and filaggrin expression alter AD skin-derived Staphylococcus aureus uptake into keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Assessing the impact of law enforcement to reduce over-the-counter (OTC) sales of antibiotics in low- and middle-income countries; a systematic literature review. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:536. [PMID: 31366363 PMCID: PMC6670201 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are moving towards enforcing prescription-only access to antibiotics. This systematic literature review aims to assess the interventions used to enforce existing legislation prohibiting over-the-counter (OTC) sales of antibiotics in LMICs, their impact and examine the methods chosen for impact measurement including their strengths and weaknesses. METHODS Both PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for studies reporting on impact measurement in moving towards prescription only access to antibiotics in LMICs. The PRISMA methodological review framework was used to ensure systematic data collection and analysis of literature. Narrative data synthesis was used due to heterogeneity of study designs. RESULTS In total, 15 studies were included that assessed policy impact in 10 different countries. Strategies employed to enforce regulations prohibiting OTC sales of systemic antibiotics included retention of prescriptions for antibiotics by pharmacies, government inspections, engaging pharmacists in the design of interventions, media campaigns for the general public and educational activities for health care workers. A variety of outcomes was used to assess the policy impact; changes in antimicrobial resistance rates, changes in levels of antibiotic use, changes in trends of antibiotic use, changes in OTC supply of antibiotics, and changes in reported practices and knowledge of pharmacists, medicine sellers and the general public. Differences in methodological approaches and outcome assessment made it difficult to compare the effectiveness of law enforcement activities. Most effective appeared to be multifaceted approaches that involved all stakeholders. Monitoring of the impact on total sales of antibiotics by means of an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis and analysis of pharmacies selling antibiotics OTC using mystery clients were the methodologically strongest designs used. CONCLUSIONS The published literature describing activities to enforce prescription-only access to antibiotics in LMICs is sparse and offers limited guidance. Most likely to be effective are comprehensive multifaceted interventions targeting all stakeholders with regular reinforcement of messages. Policy evaluation should be planned as part of implementation to assess the impact and effectiveness of intervention strategies and to identify targets for further activities. Robust study designs such as ITS analyses and mystery client surveys should be used to monitor policy impact.
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Antimicrobial Medicines Consumption in Eastern Europeand Central Asia - An Updated Cross-National Study and Assessment of QuantitativeMetrics for Policy Action. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1156. [PMID: 30890943 PMCID: PMC6411709 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Surveillance of antimicrobial medicines consumption is central to improving their use and reducing resistance rates. There are few published data on antibiotic consumption in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. To address this, 18 non-European Union (EU) countries and territories contribute to the WHO Regional Office for Europe (WHO Europe) Antimicrobial Medicines Consumption (AMC) Network. Objectives: (i) Analyze 2015 consumption of J01 class antibacterials for systemic use from 16 AMC Network members; (ii) compare results with 2011 data and 2015 ESAC-Net estimates; (iii) assess consumption against suggested indicators; (iv) evaluate the impact of planned changes to defined daily doses (DDDs) in 2019 for some commonly used antibiotics; and (v) consider the utility of quantitative metrics of consumption for policy action. Methods: Analysis methods are similar to ESAC-Net for EU countries. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and DDD methodology were used to calculate total consumption (DDD/1000 inhabitants/day [DID]), relative use measures (percentages), extent of use of WHO Watch and Reserve group antibiotics and impact of DDD changes. Findings: Total J01 consumption in 2015 ranged 8.0-41.5 DID (mean 21.2 DID), generally lower than in 2011 (6.4-42.3 DID, mean 23.6 DID). Beta-lactam penicillins, cephalosporins, and quinolones represented 16.2-56.6, 9.4-28.8, and 7.5-24.6% of total J01 consumption, respectively. Third-generation cephalosporins comprised up to 90% of total cephalosporin consumption in some countries. Consumption of WHO Reserve antibiotics was very low; Watch antibiotics comprised 17.3-49.5% of total consumption (mean 30.9%). Variability was similar to 2015 ESAC-Net data (11.7-38.3 DID; mean 22.6 DID). DDD changes in 2019 impact both total and relative consumption estimates: total DIDs reduced on average by 12.0% (7.3-35.5 DID), mostly due to reduced total DDDs for commonly used penicillins; impact on rankings and relative use estimates were modest. Discussion: Quantitative metrics of antibiotic consumption have value. Improvements over time reflect national activities, however, changes in total volumes may conceal shifts to less desirable choices. Relative use measures targeting antibiotics of concern may be more informative. Some, including WHO Watch and Reserve classifications, lend themselves to prescribing targets supported by guidelines and treatment protocols.
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Cross-programmatic consultation on the role of primary care in the responsible use of medicines and the reduction of antimicrobial resistance. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:75-78. [PMID: 30626232 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2018.1563482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This meeting was held from the 30 October to the 1 November 2018 in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The meeting brought together participants from 16 countries of central Asia, Caucasus, eastern Europe and expert speakers from western Europe and India. Participants discussed the analysis and use of data on antimicrobial medicines consumption, country experiences in enforcing legislation for prescription-only access to antibiotics, the role of primary health care (PHC) in tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR), strategies to improving competencies of practitioners using evidence-based clinical protocols and public engagement in the responsible use of medicines. Moving toward prescription-only access to antibiotics requires that government involve, from the onset, different stakeholders, e.g. public, patients, practitioners, pharmacists and pharmaceutical industry in designing and applying policies that ensure access to antibiotics accompanied by measures that promote responsible use and limit excessive use.
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Langerhans and inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells in atopic dermatitis are tolerized toward TLR2 activation. Allergy 2018; 73:2205-2213. [PMID: 29672867 DOI: 10.1111/all.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients presents a significant dysbalance of the microbiome with a high colonization by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which positively correlates with the severity of the disease. OBJECTIVE Understanding the role of epidermal dendritic cells (DC) as link between the innate and the adaptive immune systems in AD. METHODS Comparative phenotypic and functional analysis of TLR2 on Langerhans cells (LC) and inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells (IDEC) in organotypic models as well as freshly isolated cells from healthy and AD skin. RESULTS In situ analysis of freshly isolated LC and IDEC from AD skin revealed decreased TLR2 expression compared to LC from healthy skin. In contrast to IDEC, LC from AD skin failed to display any evidence for in situ activation. Exposure to TLR2 ligand Pam3Cys resulted in maturation and increased migratory activity of LC from normal skin. LC and IDEC from AD were unresponsive to TLR2 ligand in that they failed to mature and displayed a high spontaneous migratory activity. Keratinocytes from both healthy and AD skin expressed similar levels of TLR2. The production of IL-6 and IL-10 was impaired by Pam3Cys in supernatants from AD skin. IL-18 was significantly higher in supernatants from AD skin and not influenced by TLR2 ligation, when compared to healthy skin. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TLR2-mediated sensing of S. aureus-derived signals is strongly impaired in LC from AD skin. This phenomenon may partly contribute to the immune deviation in AD and the lack of S. aureus clearance.
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Search for CP Violation in Neutrino and Antineutrino Oscillations by the T2K Experiment with 2.2×10^{21} Protons on Target. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:171802. [PMID: 30411920 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.171802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The T2K experiment measures muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance in accelerator-produced neutrino and antineutrino beams. With an exposure of 14.7(7.6)×10^{20} protons on target in the neutrino (antineutrino) mode, 89 ν_{e} candidates and seven anti-ν_{e} candidates are observed, while 67.5 and 9.0 are expected for δ_{CP}=0 and normal mass ordering. The obtained 2σ confidence interval for the CP-violating phase, δ_{CP}, does not include the CP-conserving cases (δ_{CP}=0, π). The best-fit values of other parameters are sin^{2}θ_{23}=0.526_{-0.036}^{+0.032} and Δm_{32}^{2}=2.463_{-0.070}^{+0.071}×10^{-3} eV^{2}/c^{4}.
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0561 Beneficial Effects of Positional Therapy on Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Radical Prostatectomy for Localized Prostate Cancer in Renal Transplant Recipients: 13 Cases Studied at a Single Center. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:2539-2544. [PMID: 30316394 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of surgical prostatectomy in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). METHODS Between January 2008 and February 2017, we identified 13 RTRs who were diagnosed with localized prostate cancer and underwent radical prostatectomy. We reviewed all available clinicopathologic data for these 13 patients. RESULTS The median patient age was 61 years and median serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 8.79 ng/mL. The mean period between transplantation and diagnosis of prostate cancer was 136 months. The sources for the kidney transplants included 10 living and 3 deceased donors. Biopsies indicated that the Gleason scores were 7 in 10 patients and 8 to 10 in 3 patients. Meanwhile, the D'Amico risk classification indicated an intermediate risk in 9 patients and a high risk in 4 patients. Eight patients were at stage cT1 and 5 were at stage cT2. The surgical procedure was retropubic radical prostatectomy in one recipient, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in 3 recipients, and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in 9 RTRs. Intraoperative complications were not noted in any patient, although one patient demonstrated postoperative complications (Clavien grade ≥ 3). An indwelling urinary catheter was required in 3 patients for over 3 weeks due to delayed wound healing. Biochemical recurrence evaluated by PSA monitoring occurred in four patients. Postoperative graft function was stable in all but one patient who required resumption of dialysis before prostatectomy; however, all patients are alive at the time of publication with 12 patients showing well-functioning renal allografts. CONCLUSION Prostatectomy may be a feasible and effective technique as an initial treatment for RTRs with localized prostate cancer.
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Programmed cell death 1 blockade-induced cutaneous sarcoid-like epithelioid granulomas in advanced melanoma: a case report. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:e260-e261. [PMID: 29314333 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Polysomnographic and morphological characteristics in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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P3.01-064 Detection of EGFR Mutations in Circulating Tumor DNA Using Plasma Samples: Clinical Validation of Cobas EGFR Mutation Test V2. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Intravenous immunoglobulin contributes to the control of antimelanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 antibody-associated dermatomyositis with palmar violaceous macules/papules. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1442-1446. [PMID: 28346662 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies to melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) are associated with a subset of patients with dermatomyositis (DM) who have rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) with poor prognosis. Intensive immunosuppressive therapy is initiated before irreversible lung damage can occur; however, there are few lines of evidence for the treatment of RP-ILD. Here, we report three cases of anti-MDA5 antibody-associated DM with RP-ILD in which the patients were treated with combined-modality therapy, including high-dose prednisolone, tacrolimus, intravenous cyclophosphamide and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). In all three cases, serum ferritin levels, which are known to represent the disease activity of RP-ILD, were decreased after IVIG administration. IVIG might contribute to the control of the disease activity of anti-MDA5 antibody-positive DM. Moreover, palmar violaceous macules/papules around the interphalangeal joints, which was observed in all three cases in the incipient stage, might be a useful sign in suggesting a diagnosis of anti-MDA5 antibody-associated DM.
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446 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis accumulates in lysosome and induces IL-1a via TLR9 in keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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420 Staphylococcus aureus from atopic dermatitis skin alters cytokine production triggered by monocyte-derived Langerhans cell. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency during neurodevelopment in mice models the prodromal state of schizophrenia through epigenetic changes in nuclear receptor genes. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1229. [PMID: 28872641 PMCID: PMC5639238 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of schizophrenia is increased in offspring whose mothers experience malnutrition during pregnancy. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are dietary components that are crucial for the structural and functional integrity of neural cells, and PUFA deficiency has been shown to be a risk factor for schizophrenia. Here, we show that gestational and early postnatal dietary deprivation of two PUFAs-arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-elicited schizophrenia-like phenotypes in mouse offspring at adulthood. In the PUFA-deprived mouse group, we observed lower motivation and higher sensitivity to a hallucinogenic drug resembling the prodromal symptoms in schizophrenia. Furthermore, a working-memory task-evoked hyper-neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex was also observed, along with the downregulation of genes in the prefrontal cortex involved in oligodendrocyte integrity and the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic system. Regulation of these genes was mediated by the nuclear receptor genes Rxr and Ppar, whose promoters were hyper-methylated by the deprivation of dietary AA and DHA. In addition, the RXR agonist bexarotene upregulated oligodendrocyte- and GABA-related gene expression and suppressed the sensitivity of mice to the hallucinogenic drug. Notably, the expression of these nuclear receptor genes were also downregulated in hair-follicle cells from schizophrenia patients. These results suggest that PUFA deficiency during the early neurodevelopmental period in mice could model the prodromal state of schizophrenia through changes in the epigenetic regulation of nuclear receptor genes.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The number of patients with foot gangrene caused by critical ischaemia and severe infection is increasing significantly in developed countries. The measurement of perilesional skin blood flow by skin perfusion pressure (SPP) is useful to select the appropriate treatment of gangrenous lesions, in that it is not affected by calcifications of blood vessels. However, the prognosis of a foot ulcer may also be affected by the level of blood sugar and infections. This study aimed to validate the use of SPP in cases of foot gangrene and ulcers in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) and infection. METHOD Clinical symptoms, ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) and SPP were assessed to evaluate the condition of each foot ulcer. Every foot ulcer was treated as independent, even if a participant had multiple ulcers. All ulcers for which we measured SPP were subject to the analysis. All ulcers were purely ischaemic in nature and were exclusively located on the foot or toes. RESULTS Data were collected from 117 foot ulcers on 91 toes and feet from 65 patients. Almost all SPP values in healed cases were > 27 mmHg. There were three patients whose ulcers failed to heal by conservative treatments were complicated with severe infection. However, no effect of DM on the relationship between SPP values and prognosis was observed. Logistic regression analysis of all ulcers except for the 5 cases complicated with infection revealed that those with 30 mmHg or lower SPP values are likely to heal by conservative treatment with 23% or lower probability, whereas any ulcer with more than 50 mmHg SPP value and without severe infection may heal without the need for further operations with 80% or higher probability. CONCLUSION The combination of SPP and careful evaluation of infection may be a good parameter to decide the appropriate treatment for ischaemic skin ulcers, regardless of the complication of DM.
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DRIVING-RELATED RISKS AND MOBILITY IN ELDERLY DRIVERS WITH MCI. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Contact urticaria syndrome with IgE antibody against a cefotiam-unique structure, evoked by nonapparent exposure to cefotiam. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 42:527-531. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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0847 EFFECTS OF SLEEP DISORDER AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Combined Analysis of Neutrino and Antineutrino Oscillations at T2K. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:151801. [PMID: 28452532 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
T2K reports its first results in the search for CP violation in neutrino oscillations using appearance and disappearance channels for neutrino- and antineutrino-mode beams. The data include all runs from January 2010 to May 2016 and comprise 7.482×10^{20} protons on target in neutrino mode, which yielded in the far detector 32 e-like and 135 μ-like events, and 7.471×10^{20} protons on target in antineutrino mode, which yielded 4 e-like and 66 μ-like events. Reactor measurements of sin^{2}2θ_{13} have been used as an additional constraint. The one-dimensional confidence interval at 90% for the phase δ_{CP} spans the range (-3.13, -0.39) for normal mass ordering. The CP conservation hypothesis (δ_{CP}=0, π) is excluded at 90% C.L.
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Measurement of Coherent π^{+} Production in Low Energy Neutrino-Carbon Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:192501. [PMID: 27858422 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.192501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of the flux-averaged cross section for charged current coherent π^{+} production on carbon for neutrino energies less than 1.5 GeV, and with a restriction on the final state phase space volume in the T2K near detector, ND280. Comparisons are made with predictions from the Rein-Sehgal coherent production model and the model by Alvarez-Ruso et al., the latter representing the first implementation of an instance of the new class of microscopic coherent models in a neutrino interaction Monte Carlo event generator. We observe a clear event excess above background, disagreeing with the null results reported by K2K and SciBooNE in a similar neutrino energy region. The measured flux-averaged cross sections are below those predicted by both the Rein-Sehgal and Alvarez-Ruso et al.
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Trends in Radiation-Induced Second Malignancy With Increased Utilization of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Effect of Adjunctive Aripiprazole on Sexual Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Open-Label Study. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2016; 50:74-78. [PMID: 27656915 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-116323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Although adjunctive aripiprazole improves hyperprolactinemia, sufficient evidence for its effects on sexual dysfunction has not been obtained. We assessed the usefulness of adjunctive aripiprazole for schizophrenia with sexual dysfunction. Methods: 22 Japanese schizophrenia patients with antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia and sexual dysfunction were enrolled, and 19 of them completed the study. Aripiprazole was administrated in a flexible titration schedule to participants according to the judgment of each doctor, and patients were followed for 24 weeks. Serum prolactin, Clinical Global Impression Scales-Severity (CGI-S), and Nagoya Sexual Function Questionnaire (NSFQ) were measured at baseline and at 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. Results: Prolactin at week 4 and later was significantly lower than that at baseline. Compared to baseline, we observed a significant improvement in total sexual dysfunction as measured by NSFQ at week 8 and later. In males, erectile dysfunction was significantly reduced at week 24. In females, menstrual irregularity and galactorrhea were significantly reduced at week 24. CGI-S did not significantly change. Discussion: Although the small sample size is a limitation in this study, adjunctive aripiprazole may be useful treatment for sexual dysfunction including hyperprolactinemia in schizophrenia.
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Measurement of Muon Antineutrino Oscillations with an Accelerator-Produced Off-Axis Beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:181801. [PMID: 27203315 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.181801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
T2K reports its first measurements of the parameters governing the disappearance of ν[over ¯]_{μ} in an off-axis beam due to flavor change induced by neutrino oscillations. The quasimonochromatic ν[over ¯]_{μ} beam, produced with a peak energy of 0.6 GeV at J-PARC, is observed at the far detector Super-Kamiokande, 295 km away, where the ν[over ¯]_{μ} survival probability is expected to be minimal. Using a data set corresponding to 4.01×10^{20} protons on target, 34 fully contained μ-like events were observed. The best-fit oscillation parameters are sin^{2}(θ[over ¯]_{23})=0.45 and |Δm[over ¯]_{32}^{2}|=2.51×10^{-3} eV^{2} with 68% confidence intervals of 0.38-0.64 and 2.26-2.80×10^{-3} eV^{2}, respectively. These results are in agreement with existing antineutrino parameter measurements and also with the ν_{μ} disappearance parameters measured by T2K.
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Measurement of the electron neutrino charged-current interaction rate on water with the T2K ND280π0detector. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.91.112010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Measurement of theνμcharged current quasielastic cross section on carbon with the T2K on-axis neutrino beam. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.91.112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Standing balance on the side slope – influence of arch height and insoles. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Measurement of the inclusive electron neutrino charged current cross section on carbon with the T2K near detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:241803. [PMID: 25541766 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.241803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The T2K off-axis near detector ND280 is used to make the first differential cross-section measurements of electron neutrino charged current interactions at energies ∼1 GeV as a function of electron momentum, electron scattering angle, and four-momentum transfer of the interaction. The total flux-averaged ν(e) charged current cross section on carbon is measured to be ⟨σ⟩(ϕ)=1.11±0.10(stat)±0.18(syst)×10⁻³⁸ cm²/nucleon. The differential and total cross-section measurements agree with the predictions of two leading neutrino interaction generators, NEUT and GENIE. The NEUT prediction is 1.23×10⁻³⁸ cm²/nucleon and the GENIE prediction is 1.08×10⁻³⁸ cm²/nucleon. The total ν(e) charged current cross-section result is also in agreement with data from the Gargamelle experiment.
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RB-01 * A PRECLINICAL MODEL OF TRANSIENT EARLY-DELAYED RADIATION EFFECTS FOLLOWING WHOLE BRAIN IRRADIATION IN THE ADULT RAT. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou271.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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PL-01 * A PRECLINICAL JUVENILE RAT MODEL OF BRAIN INJURY AFTER FRACTIONATED WHOLE BRAIN IRRADIATION. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou267.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current interaction cross section by observing nuclear deexcitationγrays. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.90.072012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Measurement of the inclusiveνμcharged current cross section on iron and hydrocarbon in the T2K on-axis neutrino beam. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.90.052010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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MicroRNA in saliva and serum is a novel biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.06.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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TU-F-17A-08: The Relative Accuracy of 4D Dose Accumulation for Lung Radiotherapy Using Rigid Dose Projection Versus Dose Recalculation On Every Breathing Phase. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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