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Bluhm SL, Eitzinger B, Ferlian O, Bluhm C, Schröter K, Pena R, Maraun M, Scheu S. Deprivation of root-derived resources affects microbial biomass but not community structure in litter and soil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214233. [PMID: 30921392 PMCID: PMC6438447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The input of plant leaf litter has been assumed to be the most important resource for soil organisms of forest ecosystems, but there is increasing evidence that root-derived resources may be more important. By trenching roots of trees in deciduous and coniferous forests, we cut-off the input of root-derived resources and investigated the response of microorganisms using substrate-induced respiration and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. After one and three years, root trenching strongly decreased microbial biomass and concentrations of PLFAs by about 20%, but the microbial community structure was little affected and the effects were similar in deciduous and coniferous forests. However, the reduction in microbial biomass varied between regions and was more pronounced in forests on limestone soils (Hainich) than in those on sandy soils (Schorfheide). Trenching also reduced microbial biomass in the litter layer but only in the Hainich after one year, whereas fungal and bacterial marker PLFAs as well as the fungal-to-plant marker ratio in litter were reduced in the Schorfheide both after one and three years. The pronounced differences between forests of the two regions suggest that root-derived resources are more important in fueling soil microorganisms of base-rich forests characterized by mull humus than in forests poor in base cations characterized by moder soils. The reduction in microbial biomass and changes in microbial community characteristics in the litter layer suggests that litter microorganisms do not exclusively rely on resources from decomposing litter but also from roots, i.e. from resources based on labile recently fixed carbon. Our results suggest that both bacteria and fungi heavily depend on root-derived resources with both suffering to a similar extent to deprivation of these resources. Further, the results indicate that the community structure of microorganisms is remarkably resistant to changes in resource supply and adapts quickly to new conditions irrespective of tree species composition and forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Bluhm
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Animal Ecology, Untere Karspüle 2, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Eitzinger
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Animal Ecology, Untere Karspüle 2, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Animal Ecology, Untere Karspüle 2, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Bluhm
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Animal Ecology, Untere Karspüle 2, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Schröter
- University of Göttingen, Büsgen Institute, Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rodica Pena
- University of Göttingen, Büsgen Institute, Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Maraun
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Animal Ecology, Untere Karspüle 2, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- University of Göttingen, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Animal Ecology, Untere Karspüle 2, Göttingen, Germany
- University of Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Göttingen, Germany
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Schröter K, Wemheuer B, Pena R, Schöning I, Ehbrecht M, Schall P, Ammer C, Daniel R, Polle A. Assembly processes of trophic guilds in the root mycobiome of temperate forests. Mol Ecol 2018; 28:348-364. [PMID: 30276908 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Root-associated mycobiomes (RAMs) link plant and soil ecological processes, thereby supporting ecosystem functions. Understanding the forces that govern the assembly of RAMs is key to sustainable ecosystem management. Here, we dissected RAMs according to functional guilds and combined phylogenetic and multivariate analyses to distinguish and quantify the forces driving RAM assembly processes. Across large biogeographic scales (>1,000 km) in temperate forests (>100 plots), RAMs were taxonomically highly distinct but composed of a stable trophic structure encompassing symbiotrophic, ectomycorrhizal (55%), saprotrophic (7%), endotrophic (3%) and pathotrophic fungi (<1%). Taxonomic community composition of RAMs is explained by abiotic factors, forest management intensity, dominant tree family (Fagaceae, Pinaceae) and root resource traits. Local RAM assemblies are phylogenetically clustered, indicating stronger habitat filtering on roots in dry, acid soils and in conifer stands than in other forest types. The local assembly of ectomycorrhizal communities is driven by forest management intensity. At larger scales, root resource traits and soil pH shift the assembly process of ectomycorrhizal fungi from deterministic to neutral. Neutral or weak deterministic assembly processes are prevalent in saprotrophic and endophytic guilds. The remarkable consistency of the trophic composition of the RAMs suggests that temperate forests attract fungal assemblages that afford functional resilience under the current range of climatic and edaphic conditions. At local scales, the filtering processes that structure symbiotrophic assemblies can be influenced by forest management and tree selection, but at larger scales, environmental cues and host resource traits are the most prevalent forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Schröter
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wemheuer
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodica Pena
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Ehbrecht
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Goldmann K, Schröter K, Pena R, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Buscot F, Polle A, Wubet T. Divergent habitat filtering of root and soil fungal communities in temperate beech forests. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31439. [PMID: 27511465 PMCID: PMC4980589 DOI: 10.1038/srep31439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Distance decay, the general reduction in similarity of community composition with increasing geographical distance, is known as predictor of spatial variation and distribution patterns of organisms. However, changes in fungal communities along environmental gradients are little known. Here we show that distance decays of soil-inhabiting and root-associated fungal assemblages differ, and identify explanatory environmental variables. High-throughput sequencing analysis of fungal communities of beech-dominated forests at three study sites across Germany shows that root-associated fungi are recruited from the soil fungal community. However, distance decay is substantially weaker in the root-associated than in the soil community. Variance partitioning of factors contributing to the observed distance decay patterns support the hypothesis that host trees stabilize the composition of root-associated fungi communities, relative to soil communities. Thus, they not only have selective impacts on associated communities, but also buffer effects of changes in microclimatic and environmental variables that directly influence fungal community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezia Goldmann
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- University of Leipzig, Department of Biology II, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristina Schröter
- Georg-August University, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rodica Pena
- Georg-August University, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marion Schrumpf
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Georg-August University, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Soil Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Singer S, Bretschneider N, Lehmann-Laue A, Schröter K, Porzig R, Frenschkowski S, Riedel S. [Counselling centres for patients with cancer--analysis of service provision in Saxony]. Gesundheitswesen 2011; 74:736-41. [PMID: 22012562 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1285899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to understand the quantity and quality of psychosocial services offered at counselling centres for outpatients with cancer in Saxony, a federal state of Germany. METHODS Structured interviews with employees on site at the counselling centres in Saxony (N=30) and an analysis of their yearly reports were undertaken. RESULTS The majority of the counselling centres (N=25) was situated at local health departments. All institutions document their activities regularly and offer continuous training for their employees. Services include primarily information on and admission to social services whereas psychological and psychotherapeutic services are rare. Considering the guideline criteria for staffing with a ratio of one counsellor per 75,000 inhabitants, a total of 23 counsellors were lacking in the federal state of Saxony at the time of investigation. CONCLUSIONS The method of situating counselling centres at local health departments ensures good access for almost all cancer patients and relatives seeking counselling. However, due to restricted financial resources the services offered are not sufficient according to the guidelines and solutions for this situation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Singer
- Abteilung Gesundheitspsychologie und Angewandte Diagnostik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal.
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Muschalla D, Schneider S, Schröter K, Gamerith V, Gruber G. Sewer modelling based on highly distributed calibration data sets and multi-objective auto-calibration schemes. Water Sci Technol 2008; 57:1547-1554. [PMID: 18520011 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2008.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pollutant load modelling for sewer systems is state-of-the-art, especially for the estimation of discharged pollutant loads and development of sewer management strategies. However, conventionally obtained calibration data sets are often not exhaustive and have significant drawbacks. In the Graz West catchment area (Graz, Austria), continuous high-resolution long-term online measurements for discharge and pollutant concentration have been carried out since 2002. In this paper, the application of single- and multi-objective auto-calibration schemes based on evolution strategies for a deterministic hydrological pollutant load model will be discussed. Three approaches for pollutant load modelling are examined and compared: using a constant storm weather concentration and two build-up wash-off approaches with basic respectively extended wash-off equations. It is shown that the applied auto-calibration method leads to very satisfying results for both the calibration and the validation data set, and also for the dry and the storm weather runoff. However, until now, convective storms have not been convincingly represented. The build-up wash-off approach using the basic wash-off equation shows the best correlations between measured data and simulation results. As one of the chosen objectives for the multi-objective optimisation reacted highly sensitively to measurement errors, additional improvements can be expected after refining the criteria used in this algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Muschalla
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute of Hydraulic and Water Resources, Petersenstrasse 13, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Abstract
A recent article by Shi et al. [J. Chem. Phys.123, 174507 (2005)] reports results from mechanical measurements on three simple inorganic glass formers: glycerol, m-toluidine, and sucrose benzoate. The experiments carried out were stress relaxation, aging, and dynamic (all in shear) using a torsional rheometer, an advanced rheometric expansion system (TA Instruments). The original force rebalance transducer (2KFRT) supplied with the system was replaced with a custom-made load cell (Sensotec) that had a capacity of 20 000 g cm in torque and 5000 g in normal force. The replacement of the load cell was done due to the belief that the main source of compliance in this instrument was from the 2KFRT. With this assumption, the authors published their results for the three materials of interest and compared their results with the techniques of Schroter and Donth [J. Chem. Phys.113, 9101 (2000)] for the measurements on glycerol and reported important differences. These differences were disputed by one of the present authors (Schroter), and the present report shows that the results from Schroter and Donth are correct. We show that the reasons have to do with the instrument compliance being greater than originally thought by Shi et al. Here we examine the effects of platen diameter/geometry on the glycerol dynamic moduli, describe a means to correct dynamic data, present a revised comparison of the corrected data with that of Schroter and Donth, and provide a discussion of future work and conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schröter
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle, Germany.
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von Stuckrad-Barre S, Schröter K. [Alfred Döblin (1878-1957). Notes on the cover picture]. Nervenarzt 2003; 74:1055-6. [PMID: 14598043 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-003-1537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Alfred Döblin studied medicine after completing his Abitur (A-levels). In 1905 he earned his doctorate under Alfred Hoche, director of the psychiatric clinic, by presenting a study on "Memory disorders in Korsakoff's psychosis." He subsequently worked as an assistant doctor in various psychiatric clinics until he switched to internal medicine in 1908. He opened a practice as panel doctor in 1911, which he operated until 1930. Although Döblin had already published a few stories, he first became generally known in 1929 with the appearance of his novel entitled "Berlin Alexanderplatz: the story of Franz Biberkopf." After the burning of the Reichstag in February 1933, as a Jewish socialist Döblin was forced to emigrate. He was unable to work as a physician during his exile, but remained active in his literary pursuits. Döblin died on 26 June 1957 in the state hospital in Emmendingen.
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Corezzi S, Beiner M, Huth H, Schröter K, Capaccioli S, Casalini R, Fioretto D, Donth E. Two crossover regions in the dynamics of glass forming epoxy resins. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1486214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Schröter K, Flaschel E, Pühler A, Becker A. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris secretes the endoglucanases ENGXCA and ENGXCB: construction of an endoglucanase-deficient mutant for industrial xanthan production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2001; 55:727-33. [PMID: 11525621 DOI: 10.1007/s002530100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris secretes at least two cellulose-degrading endoglucanases. One of these endoglucanases is encoded by the engXCA gene of X. c. pv. campestris 8400 that was previously characterized by Gough et al. [Gene (1990) 89: 53-59]. An additional endoglucanase encoded by the engXCB gene was identified in X. c. pv. campestris 8400 and FC2. The engXCB gene product that was grouped into the endoglucanase family E contains a putative N-terminal signal peptide, suggesting a secretion by the type II secretion system. The ENGXCB protein contributed approximately 8% to the cellulase activity in xanthan preparations. Deletion of engXCA and engXCB resulted in a fivefold reduction of the cellulose-degrading activity in xanthan preparations. The cellulase activity determined in xanthan preparations of the engXCA-engXCB mutant was only slightly higher than the activity found in preparations that were subjected to heat treatment. Mutations in engXCA and engXCB did not affect the growth rate and xanthan production of X. c. pv. campestris FC2 under several cultivation conditions. The engXCA-engXCB deletion mutant is markerless, which makes this mutant a valuable strain for xanthan production and approaches aimed at inactivating further genes encoding extracellular enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schröter
- Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Bielefeld, Germany
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Kahle S, Schröter K, Hempel E, Donth E. Calorimetric indications of a cooperativity onset in the crossover region of dynamic glass transition for benzoin isobutylether. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Beiner M, Schröter K, Hempel E, Reissig S, Donth E. Multiple Glass Transition and Nanophase Separation in Poly(n-alkyl methacrylate) Homopolymers. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma981780n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Beiner
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-6099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - K. Schröter
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-6099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - E. Hempel
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-6099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - S. Reissig
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-6099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - E. Donth
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-6099 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Donth E, Schröter K, Kahle S. Comment on "Merging of the alpha and beta relaxations in polybutadiene: a neutron spin echo and dielectric study". Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1999; 60:1099-102; author reply 1103-5. [PMID: 11969864 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/1996] [Revised: 04/03/1998] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation method of dielectric data based on a Williams product ansatz [A. Arbe, D. Richter, J. Colmenero, and B. Farago, Phys. Rev. E 54, 3853 (1996)] is not suited to the crossover region of the dynamic glass transition. This method is insensitive to the shape, position, or even existence of at least one of the relaxation functions if, in the extrapolation from below to above the crossover region, the two processes cross or approach one another. Since a crossover region without any particular change in the relaxation mechanism of these processes can in fact be adjusted by this method, better dielectric data for polybutadiene in the gigahertz frequency region are needed to determine whether or not there are peculiarities in the dielectric function. It would be an odd assumption that the many particularities in the crossover region in other instances are not reflected in the dielectric response.
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Kahle S, Hempel E, Beiner M, Unger R, Schröter K, Donth E. Confirmation of a calorimetric peculiarity in the crossover region of glass transition in poly(n-hexyl methacrylate) by differential scanning calorimetry. J Mol Struct 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(98)00866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lach R, Grellmann W, Schröter K, Donth E. Temperature dependence of dynamic yield stress in amorphous polymers as indicator for the dynamic glass transition at negative pressure. POLYMER 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(98)00365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Beiner M, Kahle S, E. Hempel,, Schröter K, Donth E. Crossover Region of Dynamic Glass Transition in Poly(n-hexyl methacrylate) by Heat Capacity Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma980754m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Beiner
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S. Kahle
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E. Hempel,
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - K. Schröter
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E. Donth
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Schröter K, Unger R, Reissig S, Garwe F, Kahle S, Beiner M, Donth E. Dielectric Spectroscopy in the αβ Splitting Region of Glass Transition in Poly(ethyl methacrylate) and Poly(n-butyl methacrylate): Different Evaluation Methods and Experimental Conditions. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9713318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Schröter
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - R. Unger
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S. Reissig
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - F. Garwe
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S. Kahle
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - M. Beiner
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E. Donth
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Kahle S, Korus J, Hempel E, Unger R, Höring S, Schröter K, Donth E. Glass-Transition Cooperativity Onset in a Series of Random Copolymers Poly(n-butyl methacrylate-stat-styrene). Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma961933b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kahle
- Fachbereich Physik and Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - J. Korus
- Fachbereich Physik and Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E. Hempel
- Fachbereich Physik and Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - R. Unger
- Fachbereich Physik and Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S. Höring
- Fachbereich Physik and Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - K. Schröter
- Fachbereich Physik and Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E. Donth
- Fachbereich Physik and Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Zeeb S, Höring S, Garwe F, Beiner M, Hempel E, Schönhals A, Schröter K, Donth E. The influence of copolymerization and plasticization on the αβ splitting behaviour of the glass transition in poly(n-alkylmethacrylate)s. POLYMER 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(97)89026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Donth E, Beiner M, Reissig S, Korus J, Garwe F, Vieweg S, Kahle S, Hempel E, Schröter K. Fine Structure of the Main Transition in Amorphous Polymers: Entanglement Spacing and Characteristic Length of the Glass Transition. Discussion of Examples. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma951881a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Donth
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - M. Beiner
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S. Reissig
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - J. Korus
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - F. Garwe
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S. Vieweg
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S. Kahle
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E. Hempel
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - K. Schröter
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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22
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Beiner M, Korus J, Lockwenz H, Schröter K, Donth E. Heat Capacity Spectroscopy Compared to Other Linear Response Methods at the Dynamic Glass Transition in Poly(vinyl acetate). Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9504025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Beiner
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - J. Korus
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - H. Lockwenz
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - K. Schröter
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E. Donth
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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23
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Reissig S, Beiner M, Vieweg S, Schröter K, Donth E. Fine Structure of the Glass Transition in Amorphous Polymers: Slight Shoulder in the Shear H Spectrum at the L Peak. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma951346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Reissig
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - M. Beiner
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S. Vieweg
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - K. Schröter
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E. Donth
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Halle, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Garwe F, Schönhals A, Lockwenz H, Beiner M, Schröter K, Donth E. Influence of Cooperative α Dynamics on Local β Relaxation during the Development of the Dynamic Glass Transition in Poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)s. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9506142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Garwe
- Universität Halle, Fachbereich Physik, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany, and Institut für Angewandte Chemie Berlin-Adlershof, Rudower Chaussee 5, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Schönhals
- Universität Halle, Fachbereich Physik, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany, and Institut für Angewandte Chemie Berlin-Adlershof, Rudower Chaussee 5, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Lockwenz
- Universität Halle, Fachbereich Physik, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany, and Institut für Angewandte Chemie Berlin-Adlershof, Rudower Chaussee 5, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Beiner
- Universität Halle, Fachbereich Physik, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany, and Institut für Angewandte Chemie Berlin-Adlershof, Rudower Chaussee 5, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Schröter
- Universität Halle, Fachbereich Physik, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany, and Institut für Angewandte Chemie Berlin-Adlershof, Rudower Chaussee 5, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Donth
- Universität Halle, Fachbereich Physik, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany, and Institut für Angewandte Chemie Berlin-Adlershof, Rudower Chaussee 5, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Loth P, Herschel A, Schröter K, Liebert HP. Massenentwicklungen von Algen und Wasserlinsen in der Talsperre Bleiloch (Thüringen) — gegenwärtige Situation, Ursachenanalyse und erste Ergebnisse zu deren Verringerung Algal Blooms and Duckweed Covers in the Bleiloch Reservoir (Thuringia) — Actually Situation, Causal Analysis and First Results of its Overcome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/iroh.19950800405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Beiner M, Garwe F, Schröter K, Donth E. Ageing effects on dynamic shear moduli at the onset of the dynamic glass transition in two poly(alkyl methacrylate)s. POLYMER 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(94)90586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Schröter K. [Analysis of a therapeutic discourse sequence]. Psyche (Stuttg) 1986; 40:327-40. [PMID: 3704182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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Schröter K. Asymmetrical jelly secretion of zygotes of Pelvetia and Fucus: An early polarization event. Planta 1978; 140:69-73. [PMID: 24414363 DOI: 10.1007/bf00389382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/1977] [Accepted: 12/22/1977] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Five hours before germination the zygotes of Pelvetia fastigiata adhere to their substrate. A jelly layer covers the entire cell but most of the transparent jelly, artificially outlined by a layer of resin beads, is secreted at the prospective rhizoid pole. If the direction of the growth-orienting light is shifted after the asymmetrical secretion has already started, the direction of the secretion is also shifted. The polarization axis can be predicted by the site of the intensive jelly secretion. The germination of Fucus vesiculosus and F. spiralis is also preceded by an intensive asymmetrical jelly secretion. However, at the rhizoid pole of F. serratus the jelly secretion does not increase until the germinating zygote becomes pear-shaped. Fucoid zygotes do not adhere, neither do they have a jelly cover as long as they develop in sulfate-free sea water.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schröter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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29
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Schröter K, Läuchli A, Sievers A. [Microanalytical identification of barium sulphate crystals in statoliths of Chara rhizoids (Ch. fragilis, desv.)]. Planta 1975; 122:213-225. [PMID: 24435988 DOI: 10.1007/bf00385269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/1974] [Accepted: 12/09/1974] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the statocytes of higher plants, in which amyloplasts function as statoliths, Chara-rhizoids contain statolith vacuoles filled with biocrystallites of BaSO4. This was revealed by qualitative and quantitative electron microprobe analysis, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and selected area electron diffraction. The barium sulphate crystallites are rods which are linearly composed of globular subunits approximately 7 nm in diameter.The electron optical evidence of the crystallites depends on the nature of the fixatives. Best structural preservation was observed after fixation in a buffered solution of glutaraldehyde plus acrolein without addition of heavy metals. OsO4 and particularly KMnO4 partially dissolve the biocrystallites as well as synthetic BaSO4. The crystal solubility must be taken into consideration when micrographs of such small crystallites are interpreted.The fact that BaSO4 is chemically very inert seems to exclude biochemical interactions of the statoliths with other cell components during graviperception. It favours the theory that only the mass of the statoliths is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schröter
- Botanisches Institut der Universität Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, D-5300, Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany
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30
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Lorenz K, Brückner H, Schröter K, Schmitz HH, Schneider P. [Resumption of sports after rheumatic fever]. Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena) 1974; 68:217-9. [PMID: 4842458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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31
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Weigert S, Schröter K, Görisch V. [Imipramine (melipramine) poisoning in childhood]. Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena) 1972; 66:562-8. [PMID: 5072116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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32
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Sievers A, Schröter K. [An attempt at a causal analysis of the geotropical reaction chain in the Chara rhizoid]. Planta 1971; 96:339-353. [PMID: 24493140 DOI: 10.1007/bf00386948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/1970] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the initial phase of the geotropical reaction of the Chara rhizoid the growth difference postulated by Sievers (1967c) between the physically upper, slightly subapical flank and the lower one is demonstrated. In horizontal exposure the growth of the extreme cell apex is continued, while the growth of the lower flank is inhibited and that of the upper one is promoted. In the end phase the cell apex shows a damped oscillation until it finally reaches the vertical growth direction. The statoliths follow the oscillating growth of the cell tip from one flank to the opposite one until they are statistically equally redistributed in their normal position.-In vertical exposure under reduced turgor pressure the statoliths fall down into the extreme cell apex, where they inhibit the growth of this part of the cell wall, while the subapical wall grows transversally.-It is concluded that the statoliths inhibit the growth of the cell wall area which they cover.-The physical phase of the reaction chain, the susception, is the gravity-induced downward displacement of the statoliths. The physiological phase starts with the diversion of the acropetal transport of the Golgi vesicles to the upper part of the cell, which is caused by the block of statoliths (perception). The greater rate of vesicle incorporation into the upper flank in comparison to the lower one causes the subapical growth difference which results in the curvature (reaction).-In the case of the Chara rhizoid Golgi- and statolith-apparatus function as a self-regulating cellular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sievers
- Abteilung für Cytologie, Botanisches Institut der Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
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Schröter K, Lorenz K. [Nicolau syndrome, form of drug-induced embolism. (Clinical picture--etiology and pathogenesis--prevention--comparison with Hoigné syndrome)]. Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena) 1971; 65:725-31. [PMID: 5123059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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34
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Stiehl P, Weissbach G, Schröter K. [Nicolau syndrome. Pathogenesis and clinical aspects of penicillin-induced arterial embolism]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1971; 101:377-85. [PMID: 5558551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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35
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Schröter K. [A contribution to prevention of side effects of benzathine penicillin injections]. Kinderarztl Prax 1968; 36:327-35. [PMID: 5715797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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36
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Hempel HC, Schröter K. [Pediatric emergency service--a new establishment of the public health service in Karl-Marx-Stadt]. Dtsch Gesundheitsw 1966; 21:2275-81. [PMID: 6010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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