A Clinical Re-Evaluation of an Unexplored Technique for Post Gap Arthroplasty Retrognathic Mandible

Aims

The current manuscript explores the viability of reverse sagittal split osteotomy technique for correction of ankylotic cases with post gap arthroplasty mandibular retrognathia to achieve socially acceptable esthetic results.

Method

Reverse sagittal split osteotomy which was introduced by Collins et al in 1983 was performed with certain modifications on two cases to correct mandibular hypoplasia in post gap arthroplasty cases. The paper also highlights intraoral as well as extraoral approach for performing the osteotomy along with better management of bad split under direct vision.

Result

It was observed that the reverse sagittal split technique for advancement of mandible in cases of tmj ankylosis-induced dentofacial deformity provided better proximal control, reduced chances of bad split, greater range of advancement (11-14 mm) with esthetically acceptable results. The osteotomy cuts on lateral surface of mandible make the procedure effectively easier and quicker with better control over proximal segment and management under direct vision.

Conclusion

When Distraction Osteogenesis and conventional orthognathic is not a choice in management of dentofacial deformity of post-release ankylosis cases due to the poor proximal control and concern over bad split, reverse sagittal split can be an appropriate choice to manage these deformities without any donor site morbidity.

Synthesis and anti-melanoma effect of 3-O-prenyl glycyrrhetinic acid against B16F10 cells via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy through ERK/AKT signaling pathway

Melanoma is an aggressive form of cancer with poor prognosis and survival rates and limited therapeutic options. Here, we report the anti-melanoma effect of 3-O-prenyl glycyrrhetinic acid (NPC-402), a derivative of glycyrrhtinic acid, from a reputed medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra against B16F10 cells. We studied the cytotoxic effect of NPC-402 on melanoma cells and investigated the role of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, AKT axis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response (UPR)-mediated autophagy as the involved signaling cascade by studying specific marker proteins. In this study, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4PBA, a chemical chaperone) and small interference RNA (siRNA) knockdown of C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP)/growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153(GAD153) blocked NPC-402-mediated autophagy induction, thus confirming the role of ER stress and autophagy in melanoma cell death. NPC-402 induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in melanoma cells, which were effectively mitigated by treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). In vivo studies showed that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of NPC-402 at 10 mg/kg (5 days in 1 week) significantly retarded angiogenesis in the Matrigel plug assay and reduced the tumor size and tumor weight without causing any significant toxic manifestation in C57BL/6J mice. We conclude that NPC-402 has a high potential to be developed as a chemotherapeutic drug against melanoma.

Therapeutic effectiveness of AdvanSync2 at different stages of skeletal maturity in skeletal Class II malocclusion: A single-blind clinical trial

Objectives:

AdvanSync2 (Ormco, Glendora, California, USA) is a molar-to-molar fixed Class II corrector, based on the philosophy of Herbst which allows the bonding of the both upper and lower arches simultaneously along with fixed functional therapy. The purpose of this study was to cephalometrically compare the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of AdvanSync2 in the correction of Class II malocclusions in circumpubertal and post-pubertal patients.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-eight samples were selected and divided into two groups based on their CVMI staging, Group A, i.e., at CVMI Stages 2 and 3 (18 girls and six boys) and Group B, i.e., CVMI Stages 4, 5, and 6 (19 girls and five boys). Cephalograms taken at pre- and post-AdvanSync2 stages were compared and analyzed.

Results:

The results showed that there was a significant increase in mandibular length in both groups. Both the groups also showed sagittal maxillary restriction, maxillary molar distalization, and retroclination of maxillary incisors. On comparison between Group A and Group B, there was no statistically significant differences in terms of maxillary position, size of maxilla, as well as upper and lower incisor inclinations in Group A except for improvement of mandibular position (SNB; P ≤ 0.01) and greater amount of chin growth (B -Pg; P ≤ 0.01) with respect to Group B.

Conclusion:

AdvanSync2 can be used as an effective fixed functional appliance in post-pubertal group for sagittal mandibular correction in skeletal Class II patients.

Synthesis and Bio-Compatibility Study of Thermal-CVD Grown Graphene

Graphene based nanomaterials have attracted tremendous attention for their potential applications in various fields. In the present investigation, the growth of graphene on silicon substrate using thermal chemical vapor deposition (Thermal-CVD) method has been reported and the biocompatibility of obtained yield has been critically assessed. Raman spectra confirm the formation of graphene which was found to be the best to obtain minimal number of layers of graphene. Three prominent peaks have been observed at approximately 1360[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] (D Peak), 1595[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] (G Peak) and 2700[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] (2D Peak). Haemolysis test and simulated body fluid (SBF) test are performed to check the biocompatibility of the synthesized graphene samples. Atomic force micrographs of the samples are taken prior and after soaking them in SBF solution to study their interaction with the fluid. Haemolysis percentage is determined using UV-Vis to determine the hemocompatible nature of the samples. The results of haemolysis and SBF test demonstrated that Thermal-CVD grown graphene samples are biocompatible.

Imaging findings after radiotherapy to the pelvis

Carcinoma cervix is the second most common malignancy in women worldwide, and it remains a leading cause of cancer-related death in women in developing countries. The use of radiation therapy to treat cancer inevitably involves exposure of normal tissues. As a result, patients may experience symptoms associated with damage to normal tissue during the course of therapy for a few weeks after therapy or months or years later. Here we describe few cases developed normal tissue complications following radiotherapy to the pelvis. Many factors contribute to risk and severity of normal tissue reactions; these factors are site specific and vary with time after treatment. Treatments that reduce the risk or severity of damage to normal tissue or that facilitate the healing of radiation injury are being developed. These could greatly improve the quality of life of patients treated for cancer.