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Sudhakar K, Dugar N, Jupudi S, Ashwin R, Gowthamarajan K. Unveiling molecular insights: in silico exploration of TLR4 antagonist for management of dry eye syndrome. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2024; 9:e001610. [PMID: 38702178 PMCID: PMC11086362 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry eye disease is the most commonplace multifractional ocular complication, which has already affected millions of people in the world. It is identified by the excessive buildup of reactive oxygen species, leading to substantial corneal epithelial cell demise and ocular surface inflammation attributed to TLR4. In this study, we aimed to identify potential compounds to treat of dry eye syndrome by exploring in silico methods. METHODS In this research, molecular docking and dynamics simulation tests were used to examine the effects of selected compounds on TLR4 receptor. Compounds were extracted from different databases and were prepared and docked against TLR4 receptor via Autodock Vina. Celastrol, lumacaftor and nilotinib were selected for further molecular dynamics studies for a deeper understanding of molecular systems consisting of protein and ligands by using the Desmond module of the Schrodinger Suite. RESULTS The docking results revealed that the compounds are having binding affinity in the range of -5.1 to -8.78 based on the binding affinity and three-dimensional interactions celastrol, lumacaftor and nilotinib were further studied for their activity by molecular dynamics. Among the three compounds, celastrol was the most stable based on molecular dynamics trajectory analysis from 100 ns in the catalytic pockets of 2Z63.pdb.pdb. Root mean square deviation of celastrol/2Z63 was in the range of 1.8-4.8 Å. CONCLUSION In particular, Glu376 of TLR4 receptor is crucial for the identification and binding of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are part of Gram-negative bacteria's outer membrane. In our investigation, celastrol binds to Glu376, suggesting that celastrol may prevent the dry eye syndrome by inhibiting LPS's binding to TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kothandan Sudhakar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty,The Nilgiris-643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Neeru Dugar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris-643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srikanth Jupudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris-643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravichandran Ashwin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty,The Nilgiris-643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty,The Nilgiris-643001, Tamil Nadu, India
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Harish V, Tewari D, Mohd S, Govindaiah P, Babu MR, Kumar R, Gulati M, Gowthamarajan K, Madhunapantula SV, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, Dua K, Dallavalasa S, Singh SK. Quality by Design Based Formulation of Xanthohumol Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles with Improved Bioavailability and Anticancer Effect against PC-3 Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2403. [PMID: 36365221 PMCID: PMC9699314 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many natural products with greater therapeutic efficacy are limited to target several chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Among the natural products from hops, i.e., Xanthohumol (XH), is a prenylated chalcone. The present research work focuses on the enhancement of the poor oral bioavailability and weak pharmacokinetic profile of XH. We exemplified the development of a Xanthohumol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (XH-SLNs) cargo system to overcome the limitations associated with its bioavailability. The XH-SLNs were prepared by a high-shear homogenization/ultrasonication method and graphical, numerical optimization was performed by using Box-Behnken Design. Optimized XH-SLNs showed PS (108.60 nm), PDI (0.22), ZP (-12.70 mV), %EE (80.20%) and an amorphous nature that was confirmed by DSC and PXRD. FE-SEM and HRTEM revealed the spherical morphology of XH-SLNs. The results of release studies were found to be 9.40% in 12 h for naive XH, whereas only 28.42% of XH was released from XH-SLNs. The slow release of drugs may be due to immobilization of XH in the lipid matrix. In vivo pharmacokinetic study was performed for the developed XH-SLNs to verify the enhancement in the bioavailability of XH than naive XH. The enhancement in the bioavailability of the XH was confirmed from an increase in Cmax (1.07-folds), AUC0-t (4.70-folds), t1/2 (6.47-folds) and MRT (6.13-folds) after loading into SLNs. The relative bioavailability of XH loaded in SLNs and naive XH was found to be 4791% and 20.80%, respectively. The cytotoxicity study of naive XH, XH-SLNs were performed using PC-3 cell lines by taking camptothecin as positive control. The results of cytotoxicity study revealed that XH-SLNs showed good cell inhibition in a sustained pattern. This work successfully demonstrated formulation of XH-SLNs with sustained release profile and improved oral bioavailability of XH with good anticancer properties against PC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vancha Harish
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Sharfuddin Mohd
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Pilli Govindaiah
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Malakapogu Ravindra Babu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty 643001, India
| | - SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (A DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (A DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Bannimantapa, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570015, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Siva Dallavalasa
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (A DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (A DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Bannimantapa, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570015, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Kaur J, Gulati M, Famta P, Corrie L, Awasthi A, Saini S, Khatik GL, Bettada VG, Madhunapantula SV, Paudel KR, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Arshad MF, Adams J, Gowthamarajan K, Dua K, Hansbro PM, Singh SK. Polymeric micelles loaded with glyburide and vanillic acid: I. Formulation development, in-vitro characterization and bioavailability studies. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121987. [PMID: 35878873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The co-formulation of glyburide (Gly) and vanillic acid (VA) as such in the form of nanomedicine has never been explored to treat metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both the drugs possess dissolution rate-limited oral bioavailability leading to poor therapeutic efficacy. Hence, co-loading these drugs into a nanocarrier could overcome their poor oral bioavailability related challenges. Owing to this objective, both drugs were co-loaded in amphiphilic polymeric micelles (APMs) and evaluated for their biopharmaceutical outcomes. The APMs were prepared using mPEG-b-PCL/CTAB as a copolymer-surfactant system via the liquid antisolvent precipitation (LAP) method. The design of these APMs were optimized using Box Behnken Design by taking various process/formulation based variables to achieve the desired micellar traits. The release of both the drugs from the optimized co-loaded APMs was compared in different media and displayed a remarkable sustained release profile owing to their hydrophobic interactions with the PCL core. The in vitro cytotoxicity study of co-loaded APMs on Caco-2 cells revealed 70 % cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. The preventive effects of Gly and VA co-loaded in APMs on glucose uptake was studied in insulin-responsive human HepG2 cells treated with high glucose. The co-loading of both the drugs in optimized APMs exhibited synergistic glucose-lowering activity (p < 0.001) than raw drugs with low cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells within the test concentration. This could be attributed to an increase in the relative oral bioavailability of both the drugs in APMs i.e., 868 % for Gly and 87 % for VA respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskiran Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sumant Saini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Gopal L Khatik
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226301, India
| | - Vidya G Bettada
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (A DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (A DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Bannimantapa, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (A DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (A DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Bannimantapa, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed F Arshad
- Department of Research and Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, New Delhi 110044, India
| | - Jon Adams
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Ashique S, Upadhyay A, Garg A, Mishra N, Hussain A, Negi P, Hing GB, Bhatt S, Ali MK, Gowthamarajan K, Singh SK, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Impact of ecDNA: A mechanism that directs tumorigenesis in cancer drug Resistance-A review. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 363:110000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Khursheed R, Singh SK, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, Kapoor B, Jain SK, Gowthamarajan K, Zacconi F, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Dua K. Development of mushroom polysaccharide and probiotics based solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system loaded with curcumin and quercetin to improve their dissolution rate and permeability: State of the art. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:744-757. [PMID: 34464640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of mushroom polysaccharides and probiotics as pharmaceutical excipients for development of nanocarriers has never been explored. In the present study an attempt has been made to explore Ganoderma lucidum extract powder (GLEP) containing polysaccharides and probiotics to convert liquid self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) into solid free flowing powder. Two lipophilic drugs, curcumin and quercetin were used in this study due to their dissolution rate limited oral bioavailability and poor permeability. These were loaded into liquid SNEDDS by dissolving them into isotropic mixture of Labrafill M1944CS, Capmul MCM, Tween-80 and Transcutol P. The liquid SNEDDS were solidified using probiotics and mushroom polysaccharides as carriers and Aerosil-200 as coating agent. The solidification was carried out using spray drying process. The process and formulation variables for spray drying process of liquid SNEDDS were optimized using Box Behnken Design to attain required powder properties. The release of both drugs from the optimized spray dried (SD) formulation was found to be more than 90%, whereas, it was less than 20% for unprocessed drugs. The results of DSC, PXRD and SEM, showed that the developed L-SNEDDS preconcentrate was successfully loaded onto the porous surface of probiotics, mushroom polysaccharides and Aerosil-200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
| | - Sheetu Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience & Technology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Flavia Zacconi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Kaur J, Gulati M, Gowthamarajan K, Vishwas S, Kumar Chellappan D, Gupta G, Dua K, Pandey NK, Kumar B, Singh SK. Combination therapy of vanillic acid and oxaliplatin co-loaded in polysaccharide based functionalized polymeric micelles could offer effective treatment for colon cancer: A hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2021; 156:110679. [PMID: 34555619 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is characterised by the persistent change in bowel habits due to the formation of polyps (cancerous) in the inner lining of the colon. Clinically, there are several anticancer drugs available to treat colon cancer. Oxaliplatin (third generation platinum drug) is widely prescribed anticancer drug due to its broad range anticancer properties and low toxicities over cisplatin and carboplatin. Currently, use of oxaliplatin as adjuvant chemotherapy represents a standard care for the treatment of advanced colon cancer. Despite this, its rapid degradation in systemic circulations upon administration, lack of tumor specificity, and low bioavailability limits its anticancer potential. On the other hand, vanillic acid (VA) has shown anticancer potential in colon cancer by targeting mTOR/Ras pathway, HIF-1α inhibition, NF-ĸB, and Nrf2 that regulate cell growth, cell survival, proliferation and adaptation to cancer microenvironment. Normal oral delivery of these two drugs offers non-specific drug release in gastrointestinal tract that leads to unwanted toxicity and very less amount of drug become available for colonic site. Therefore, loading of these two drugs in polysaccharide based functionalized polymeric micelles (FPMs) can offer selective targeting at colonic site and could offer better therapeutic efficacy at much lesser doses of drugs. Therefore, a new hypothesis has been proposed that the combination of vanillic acid with oxaliplatin co-loaded in FPMs could provide colon targeting ability with enhanced potency and safety profile by targeting multiple pathways than current adjuvant chemotherapies available in the market for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskiran Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - K Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience & Technology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Narendra Kumar Pandey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Bimlesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
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Kaur J, Mishra V, Singh SK, Gulati M, Kapoor B, Chellappan DK, Gupta G, Dureja H, Anand K, Dua K, Khatik GL, Gowthamarajan K. Harnessing amphiphilic polymeric micelles for diagnostic and therapeutic applications: Breakthroughs and bottlenecks. J Control Release 2021; 334:64-95. [PMID: 33887283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers are widely utilized in the design of formulations owing to their unique physicochemical properties, flexible structures and functional chemistry. Amphiphilic polymeric micelles (APMs) formed from such copolymers have gained attention of the drug delivery scientists in past few decades for enhancing the bioavailability of lipophilic drugs, molecular targeting, sustained release, stimuli-responsive properties, enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reducing drug associated toxicity. Their properties including ease of surface modification, high surface area, small size, and enhanced permeation as well as retention (EPR) effect are mainly responsible for their utilization in the diagnosis and therapy of various diseases. However, some of the challenges associated with their use are premature drug release, low drug loading capacity, scale-up issues and their poor stability that need to be addressed for their wider clinical utility and commercialization. This review describes comprehensively their physicochemical properties, various methods of preparation, limitations followed by approaches employed for the development of optimized APMs, the impact of each preparation technique on the physicochemical properties of the resulting APMs as well as various biomedical applications of APMs. Based on the current scenario of their use in treatment and diagnosis of diseases, the directions in which future studies need to be carried out to explore their full potential are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskiran Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | | | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gopal L Khatik
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Bijnor-Sisendi road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226301, India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience & Technology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ramaswamy S, Gowthamarajan K, Priyanka Dwarampudi L, Bhaskaran M, Kadiyala M. Analytical method development, validation and forced degradation studies for rutin, quercetin, curcumin, and piperine by RP-UFLC method. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:562-568. [PMID: 33648389 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1892740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Curcumin, rutin, and quercetin are well-known flavonoids and piperine is an alkaloid, commonly used as spices and traditionally used to treat a variety of conditions. In the current scenario, the stability problems of phytoconstituents are a major problem for regulators and because of the complex nature of the components of plant extracts. OBJECTIVE A simple, fast, and sensitive ultra-force reverse phase liquid chromatography (RP-UFLC) has been developed, validated, and studied for degradation studies. METHODS Seven different plant extracts were quantified and the stability of the constituents was estimated by forced degradation studies. The separation of the phytoconstituents was performed on a Phenomenex C18 column with a mobile phase of 80% acetonitrile and 20% (25 mM) ammonium acetate (pH 3) at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 detected at 380 nm. RESULTS The results of the study showed that the method developed was linear with a range of correlation coefficient 0.994-0.999. The specificity, precision, and accuracy were well within the limits. Quantification showed that a maximum content of curcumin (3.61%, w/w) was found in the extract of Curcuma longa L extract, piperine in Piper nigrum L (13.92%, w/w), rutin in Glycyrrhiza glabra L (15.19%, w/w), and quercetin in Camellia sinensis L (0.36%, w/w). Forced degradation studies have shown that rutin was very stable in acidic media (6.65%, w/w) and curcumin was less stable in alkaline media (100%, w/w). CONCLUSION The method developed was simple, fast, accurate, sensitive, and applicable for the determination of phytoconstituents in natural extracts and herbal formulations, individually or in combination and can be used as a quality control tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Ramaswamy
- TIFAC, CORE-HD, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lalitha Priyanka Dwarampudi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahendran Bhaskaran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Madhuri Kadiyala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, India
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9
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Khursheed R, Singh SK, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, Kapoor B, Awasthi A, Kr A, Kumar R, Pottoo FH, Kumar V, Dureja H, Anand K, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Gowthamarajan K. Opening eyes to therapeutic perspectives of bioactive polyphenols and their nanoformulations against diabetic neuropathy and related complications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:427-448. [PMID: 33356647 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1846517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the major complications arising from hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients. In recent years polyphenols present in plants have gained attention to treat DN. The main advantages associated with them are their action via different molecular pathways to manage DN and their safety. However, they failed to gain clinical attention due to challenges associated with their formulation development such as lipophilicity,poor bioavailability, rapid systemic elimination, and enzymatic degradation.Area covered: This article includes different polyphenols that have shown their potential against DN in preclinical studies and the research carried out towards development of their nanoformulations in order to overcome aforementioned issues.Expert opinion: In this review various polyphenol based nanoformulations such as nanospheres, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, niosomes, electrospun nanofibers, metallic nanoparticles explored exclusively to treat DN are discussed. However, the literature available related to polyphenol based nanoformulations to treat DN is limited. Moreover, these experiments are limited to preclinical studies. Hence, more focus is required towards development of nanoformulations using simple and single step process as well as inexpensive and non-toxic excipients so that a stable, scalable, reproducible and non-toxic formulation could be achieved and clinical trials could be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sheetu Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Arya Kr
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rajan Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - K Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.,Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience & Technology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Kumar A, Gulati M, Singh SK, Gowthamarajan K, Prashar R, Mankotia D, Gupta JP, Banerjee M, Sinha S, Awasthi A, Corrie L, Kumar R, Patni P, Kumar B, Pandey NK, Sadotra M, Kumar P, Kumar R, Wadhwa S, Khursheed R. Effect of co-administration of probiotics with guar gum, pectin and eudragit S100 based colon targeted mini tablets containing 5-Fluorouracil for site specific release. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Kaur G, Singh SK, Kumar R, Kumar B, Kumari Y, Gulati M, Pandey NK, Gowthamarajan K, Ghosh D, Clarisse A, Wadhwa S, Mehta M, Satija S, Dua K, Dureja H, Gupta S, Singh PK, Kapoor B, Chitranshi N, Kumar A, Porwal O. Development of modified apple polysaccharide capped silver nanoparticles loaded with mesalamine for effective treatment of ulcerative colitis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Kapoor B, Gulati M, Singh SK, Khatik GL, Gupta R, Kumar R, Kumar R, Gowthamarajan K, Mahajan S, Gupta S. Fail-safe nano-formulation of prodrug of sulfapyridine: Preparation and evaluation for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020; 118:111332. [PMID: 33254964 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to give a second life to the long-abandoned drug, sulfapyridine (SP) for its anti-arthritic potential by design of nano-vesicular delivery system. For this, intra-articular delivery of its liposomal formulation was tried. As the prepared formulation exhibited rapid drug leakage, an arthritis responsive prodrug of SP showing lability towards synovial enzymes was synthesized to exploit the over-expression of arthritis specific enzymes. Prodrug (SP-PD) exhibited better retention in liposomes as compared to the drug, preventing its escape from synovium. Hydrolysis of SP-PD in human plasma and synovial fluid indicated its high susceptibility to enzymes. The liposomes of SP-PD exhibited larger mean size, less PDI and higher zeta potential as compared to those for SP liposomes. In arthritic rats, prodrug liposomes were found to reverse the symptoms of inflammation, including the levels of biochemical markers. Liposomes of bio-responsive prodrug, therefore, offer a revolutionary approach in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144401, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144401, Punjab, India.
| | - Sachin K Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144401, Punjab, India
| | - Gopal L Khatik
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144401, Punjab, India
| | - Reena Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144401, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144401, Punjab, India
| | - Rajan Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144401, Punjab, India
| | - K Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience & Technology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjeev Mahajan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Joint Replacement and Sports Injuries, Fortis Hospital, Chandigarh Road, Ludhiana 141015, Punjab, India
| | - Som Gupta
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation(,) Fortis Hospital, Chandigarh Road, Ludhiana 141015, Punjab, India
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13
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Ghosh D, Singh SK, Khursheed R, Pandey NK, Kumar B, Kumar R, Kumari Y, Kaur G, Clarisse A, Awasthi A, Gulati M, Jain SK, Porwal O, Bayrakdar E, Sheet M, Gowthamarajan K, Gupta S, Corrie L, Gunjal P, Gupta RK, Singh TG, Sinha S. Impact of solidification on micromeritic properties and dissolution rate of self-nanoemulsifying delivery system loaded with docosahexaenoic acid. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:597-605. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1742143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjoy Ghosh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | | | - Bimlesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Rajan Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Yogita Kumari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Gurmandeep Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Ayinkamiye Clarisse
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Omji Porwal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Esra Bayrakdar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Muath Sheet
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - K. Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Ooty, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
| | - Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Pradnya Gunjal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Rajneesh Kumar Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
| | - Shibanand Sinha
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
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14
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Kumar R, Khursheed R, Kumar R, Awasthi A, Sharma N, Khurana S, Kapoor B, Khurana N, Singh SK, Gowthamarajan K, Wadhwani A. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of fisetin: Formulation, optimization, characterization and cytotoxicity assessment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Kumari Y, Kaur G, Kumar R, Singh SK, Gulati M, Khursheed R, Clarisse A, Gowthamarajan K, Karri VVSNR, Mahalingam R, Ghosh D, Awasthi A, Kumar R, Yadav AK, Kapoor B, Singh PK, Dua K, Porwal O. Gold nanoparticles: New routes across old boundaries. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 274:102037. [PMID: 31655366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, gold nanoparticles have emerged as unique non-invasive drug carriers for targeting drugs to their site of action. Their site specificity has helped in increasing drugs' efficacy at lower dose as well as reduction in their side effects. Moreover, their excellent optical properties and small size offer their utilization as diagnostic tools to diagnose tumors as well as other diseases. This review focuses on various approaches that have been used in last several years for preparation of gold nanoparticles, their characterization techniques and theranostic applications. Their toxicity related aspects are also highlighted. Gold nanoparticles are useful as theranostic agents, owing to their small size, biocompatible nature, size dependent physical, chemical and optical properties etc. However, the challenges associated with these nanoparticles such as scale up, cost, low drug payload, toxicity and stability have been the major impediments in their commercialization. The review looks into all these critical issues and identifies the possibilities to overcome these challenges for successful positioning of metallic nanoparticles in market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Kumari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Gurmandeep Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Ayinkamiye Clarisse
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - K Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Ootacamund, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V V S Narayana Reddy Karri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Ootacamund, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Dipanjoy Ghosh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rajan Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Yadav
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Omji Porwal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ishik University, Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq
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16
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Jyoti J, Anandhakrishnan NK, Singh SK, Kumar B, Gulati M, Gowthamarajan K, Kumar R, Yadav AK, Kapoor B, Pandey NK, Som S, Mohanta S, Melkani I, Khursheed R, Narang R. A three-pronged formulation approach to improve oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of two lipophilic drugs with gastric lability. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:848-865. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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17
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Maharshi P, Singh SK, Gulati M, Yadav AK, Garg V, Kumari B, Gowthamarajan K. A Novel Three-pronged Approach for Colon Delivery of Sulfasalazine: Concomitant Use of pH- Responsive, Microbially Triggered Polymers and Liquisolid Technology. Curr Drug Deliv 2018; 15:1038-1054. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666180320095703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peddi Maharshi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144 401, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144 401, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144 401, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Yadav
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144 401, India
| | - Varun Garg
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144 401, India
| | - Bimlesh Kumari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144 401, India
| | - K. Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Rocklands, Ooty, Tamilnadu- 643 001, India
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18
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Soni A, Gowthamarajan K, Radhakrishnan A. Personalized Medicine and Customized Drug Delivery Systems: The New Trend of Drug Delivery and Disease Management. Int J Pharm Compd 2018; 22:108-121. [PMID: 29877858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the concept of personalized medicine has proved to play an important role in the healthcare sector. Personalized medicine modifies the current dosage forms according to the needs of the patient. Based on this improved concept, we are now able to bring out best treatment options for a particular individual leading to better therapeutic outcomes and decreased adverse effects. It also has the potential to identify the disease at an earlier stage. It links the diseased condition of a person to the basic genetic and molecular profile causing better understanding of the condition of the patient and to pick out better treatment options. This review is to enlighten the past, present, and future perspective of personalized medicine and how the personalized-medicine approach is used as customized drug delivery, as well as the regulatory aspects towards it. Personalized medicine has the potential to modify the way we recognize and manage our health problems and has already proven to have a huge impact on patient care and on clinical research. The impact of personalized medicine is expected to increase with an increased knowledge about the term and related technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Soni
- JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India.
| | - Arun Radhakrishnan
- JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
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Thondawada M, Wadhwani AD, S. Palanisamy D, Rathore HS, Gupta RC, Chintamaneni PK, Samanta MK, Dubala A, Varma S, Krishnamurthy PT, Gowthamarajan K. An effective treatment approach of DPP-IV inhibitor encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles conjugated with anti-CD-4 mAb for type 1 diabetes. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1120-1129. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1438460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Thondawada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Ashish Devidas Wadhwani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Dhanabal S. Palanisamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | | | - Ramesh C. Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Nagaland University, Dimapur, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Chintamaneni
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Malay K. Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Anil Dubala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Sameer Varma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Praveen T. Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy (Off campus, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru), Ootacamund, India
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20
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Rajesh SY, Singh SK, Pandey NK, Sharma P, Bawa P, Kumar B, Gulati M, Jain SK, Gowthamarajan K, Singh S. Impact of various solid carriers and spray drying on pre/post compression properties of solid SNEDDS loaded with glimepiride: in vitro-ex vivo evaluation and cytotoxicity assessment. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1056-1069. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1431656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarvi Yadav Rajesh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Pandey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Parth Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Palak Bawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Bimlesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | | | - Saurabh Singh
- School of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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21
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Selvaraj K, Gowthamarajan K, Karri VVSR. Nose to brain transport pathways an overview: potential of nanostructured lipid carriers in nose to brain targeting. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2017; 46:2088-2095. [PMID: 29282995 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1420073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Many of the therapeutics used for the treatment of brain disorders are not effective and not delivered to the brain due to the complex structure and its barriers. In recent years, many advanced approaches have emerged for the brain drug delivery. Intranasal drug delivery is one of non-invasive approach has gained interest because of direct transport of drugs circumventing the brain barriers through olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways. Eventhough through these pathways the therapeutics have direct access to the brain, the main limitations of this approach are only limited drug absorption, and nasal permeability. To overcome the issues related to the brain targeting via nasal drug delivery encourage the development of novel drug delivery by combining with nanotechnology. This article will discuss pathways of drug transport form nose to brain, toxicity of nanoparticles role and need of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and recent advance in combination of NLCs with intranasal drug delivery for targeting the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousalya Selvaraj
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy , JSS University , Ootacamund , India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy , JSS University , Ootacamund , India
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Baruah UK, Gowthamarajan K, Ravisankar V, Karri VVSR, Simhadri PK, Singh V, Babu PP. Design, characterization and antimalarial efficacy of PEGylated galactosylated nano lipid carriers of primaquine phosphate. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2017; 46:1809-1829. [PMID: 29087218 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1394870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to design and optimize primaquine phosphate (PQ) loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) using response surface methodology. The optimized NLCs were evaluated for various physical and morphological characterizations. The in vitro studies for drug release showed that PQ loaded NLCs had a sustained release up to 72 h and the stability studies confirmed that the PQ-NLCs were stable for 90 d at 4 °C and 25 °C. In vitro erythrocyte toxicity revealed that PQ-NLCs were less toxic than the pure drug. In vitro parasite growth inhibition assay showed an IC50 value of 71.11 ± 6.47 ng/ml for the 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum (CQ sensitive) strain and 263.86 ± 5.68 ng/ml for RKL9 P. falciparum (CQ resistant) strain for the PQ-NLCs. Enhanced parasitaemia suppression of 99.46% at 2 mg/kg/d, a better suppression of parasitaemia of about 28% more than pure drug and a higher survivality rate of 66.66% even after the 35th day was observed for the PQ loaded NLCs. Also from the comparative fluorescent imaging study, it was clearly observed that accumulation of PQ-NLCs in the liver was more that of the pure drug. These results clearly indicated that the limitations of antimalarial drug PQ can be overcomed by loading it into the NLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Krishna Baruah
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University , Ootacamund , India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University , Ootacamund , India
| | - Vanka Ravisankar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University , Ootacamund , India
| | | | - Praveen Kumar Simhadri
- b Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- c National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR) , Dwarka , India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- b Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
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Baruah UK, Gowthamarajan K, Ravisankar V, Karri VVSR, Simhadri PK, Singh V. Optimisation of chloroquine phosphate loaded nanostructured lipid carriers using Box–Behnken design and its antimalarial efficacy. J Drug Target 2017; 26:576-591. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1390671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uday Krishna Baruah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University-Mysuru, Ootacamund, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University-Mysuru, Ootacamund, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vanka Ravisankar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University-Mysuru, Ootacamund, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Praveen Kumar Simhadri
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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Pandey NK, Sehal HR, Garg V, Gaur T, Kumar B, Singh SK, Gulati M, Gowthamarajan K, Bawa P, Rajesh SY, Sharma P, Narang R. Stable Co-crystals of Glipizide with Enhanced Dissolution Profiles: Preparation and Characterization. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2454-2465. [PMID: 28176212 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study deciphers preparation of co-crystals of lipophilic glipizide by using four different acids, oxalic, malonic, stearic, and benzoic acids, in order to achieve enhanced solubility and dissolution along with stability. All co-crystals were prepared by dissolving drug and individual acids in the ratio of 1:0.5 in acetonitrile at 60-70°C for 15 min, followed by cooling at room temperature for 24 h. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed no molecular interaction between acids and drug as the internal structure and their geometric configurations remain unchanged. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed closer melting points of raw glipizide and its co-crystals, which speculates absence of difference in crystallinity as well as intermolecular bonding of the co-crystals and drug. PXRD further revealed that all the co-crystals were having similar crystallinity as that of raw glipizide except glipizide-malonic acid co-crystals. This minor difference in the relative intensities of some of the diffraction peaks could be attributed to the crystal habit or crystal size modification. SEM revealed difference in the crystal morphology for all the co-crystals. Micromeritic, solubility, dissolution, and stability data revealed that among all the prepared co-crystals, glipizide-stearic acid co-crystals were found superior. Hence, it was concluded that glipizide-stearic acid co-crystals could offer an improved drug design strategy to overcome dissolution and bioavailability related challenges associated with lipophilic glipizide.
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Abstract
We reside in an era of technological innovation and advancement despite which infectious diseases like malaria remain to be one of the greatest threats to the humans. Mortality rate caused by malaria disease is a huge concern in the twenty-first century. Multiple drug resistance and nonspecific drug targeting of the most widely used drugs are the main reasons/drawbacks behind the failure in malarial therapy. Dose-related toxicity because of high doses is also a major concern. Therefore, to overcome these problems nano-based drug delivery systems are being developed to facilitate site-specific or target-based drug delivery and hence minimizing the development of resistance progress and dose-dependent toxicity issues. In this review, we discuss about the shortcomings in treating malaria and how nano-based drug delivery systems can help in curtailing the infectious disease malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Krishna Baruah
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University , Mysuru , India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University , Mysuru , India
| | - Ravisankar Vanka
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University , Mysuru , India
| | | | - Kousalya Selvaraj
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University , Mysuru , India
| | - Gifty M Jojo
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University , Mysuru , India
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Selvaraj K, Gowthamarajan K, Karri VVSR, Barauah UK, Ravisankar V, Jojo GM. Current treatment strategies and nanocarrier based approaches for the treatment and management of diabetic retinopathy. J Drug Target 2017; 25:386-405. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1280809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kousalya Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University, Mysuru, India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Uday K. Barauah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University, Mysuru, India
| | - Vanka Ravisankar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University, Mysuru, India
| | - Gifty M. Jojo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, JSS University, Mysuru, India
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Jakki SL, Ramesh YV, Gowthamarajan K, Senthil V, Jain K, Sood S, Pathak D. Novel anionic polymer as a carrier for CNS delivery of anti-Alzheimer drug. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3471-3479. [DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1196767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satya Lavanya Jakki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Off Campus J.S.S. University, Mysore, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India,
| | - Yasam Venkata Ramesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Off Campus J.S.S. University, Mysore, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India,
| | - K. Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Off Campus J.S.S. University, Mysore, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India,
| | - V. Senthil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Off Campus J.S.S. University, Mysore, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India,
| | - Kunal Jain
- Scientific Writer, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India,
| | - Sumeet Sood
- Scientific Writer, Indegene Lifesystems Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, and
| | - Deepa Pathak
- Head (R&D), United Biotech Pvt. Ltd, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Tummala S, Gowthamarajan K, Satish Kumar MN. Oxaliplatin immunohybrid nanoparticles in vitro synergistic suppression evaluation in treatment of colorectal cancer. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2016; 45:261-269. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1146730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Tummala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J. S. S. College of Pharmacy (off-Campus), J. S. S University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - K. Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J. S. S. College of Pharmacy (off-Campus), J. S. S University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - M. N. Satish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, J. S. S. College of Pharmacy (off-Campus), J. S. S University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Tummala S, Gowthamarajan K, Satish Kumar MN, Praveen TK, Yamjala K, Tripuraneni NS, Prakash A. Formulation and optimization of oxaliplatin immuno-nanoparticles using Box-Behnken design and cytotoxicity assessment for synergistic and receptor-mediated targeting in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2015; 44:1835-1850. [PMID: 26697734 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2015.1111226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy majorly lacks clinical application attributed to its inspecificity, adverse effects and inability to penetrate into tumor cells. Hence, the aim of the study was to prepare oxaliplatin solid lipid nanoparticles (OP-SLN) by microemulsion method optimizing it by Box-Behnken design and then covalently conjugated to TRAIL (CD-253) monoclonal antibody (TR-OP-SLN) for targeting colorectal cancer cells. The optimized OP-SLN3 has shown an appreciable particle size (121 ± 1.22 nm), entrapment efficiency (78 ± 0.09%) and drug loading (32 ± 1.01%). Fluorescence study and the Bradford assay further confirmed the binding of the protein. A 1.5-fold increase in cytotoxicity of immuno-nanoparticles (4.9 μM) was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Tummala
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy (Off-campus), JSS University , Mysore , India
| | - K Gowthamarajan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy (Off-campus), JSS University , Mysore , India
| | - M N Satish Kumar
- b Department of Pharmacology , JSS College of Pharmacy (Off-campus), JSS University , Mysore , India
| | - T K Praveen
- b Department of Pharmacology , JSS College of Pharmacy (Off-campus), JSS University , Mysore , India
| | - Karthik Yamjala
- c Department of Pharmaceutical analysis , JSS College of Pharmacy (Off-campus), JSS University , Mysore , India
| | - Naga Srinivas Tripuraneni
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , JSS College of Pharmacy (Off-campus), JSS University , Mysore , India
| | - Ashwati Prakash
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , JSS College of Pharmacy (Off-campus), JSS University , Mysore , India
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Prudhviraj G, Vaidya Y, Singh SK, Yadav AK, Kaur P, Gulati M, Gowthamarajan K. Effect of co-administration of probiotics with polysaccharide based colon targeted delivery systems to optimize site specific drug release. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 97:164-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tummala S, Gowthamarajan K, Satish Kumar MN, Wadhwani A. Oxaliplatin immuno hybrid nanoparticles for active targeting: an approach for enhanced apoptotic activity and drug delivery to colorectal tumors. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:1773-87. [PMID: 26377238 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1084400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) proved to be a promising new target for colorectal cancer treatment. Elevated expression of TRAIL protein in tumor cells distinguishes it from healthy cells, thereby delivering the drug at the specific site. Here, we formulated oxaliplatin immunohybrid nanoparticles (OIHNPs) to deliver oxaliplatin and anti-TRAIL for colorectal cancer treatment in xenograft tumor models. The polymeric chitosan layer binds to the lipid film with the mixture of phospholipids by an ultra sound method followed by conjugating with thiolated antibody using DSPE-PEG-mal3400, resulting in the formation of OIHNPs. The polymer layer helps in more encapsulation of the drug (71 ± 0.09%) with appreciable particle size (95 ± 0.01 nm), and lipid layer prevents degradation of the drug in serum by preventing nanoparticle aggregation. OIHNPs have shown a 4-fold decrease in the IC50 value compared to oxaliplatin in HT-29 cells by the MTT assay. These immuno-nanoparticles represent the successful uptake and internalization of oxaliplatin in HT-29 cells rather than in MCF-7 cells determined by triple fluorescence method. Apoptotic activity in vitro of OIHNPs was determined by the change in the mitochondria membrane potential that further elevates its anti-tumor property. Furthermore, the conjugated nanoparticles can effectively deliver the drug to the tumor sites, which can be attributed to its ability in reducing tumor mass and tumor volume in xenograft tumor models in vivo along with sustaining its release in vitro. These findings indicated that the oxaliplatin immuno-hybrid nanoparticles would be a promising nano-sized active targeted formulation for colorectal-tumor targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Tummala
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , J.S.S College of Pharmacy (Off-campus), J.S.S University , Mysore , India
| | - K Gowthamarajan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , J.S.S College of Pharmacy (Off-campus), J.S.S University , Mysore , India
| | - M N Satish Kumar
- b Department of Pharmacology , J.S.S College of Pharmacy (Off-campus), J.S.S University , Mysore , India , and
| | - Ashish Wadhwani
- c Department of Biotechnology , J.S.S College of Pharmacy (Off-campus), J.S.S University , Mysore , India
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Jain K, Sood S, Gowthamarajan K. Lipid nanocarriers and molecular targets for malaria chemotherapy. Curr Drug Targets 2014; 15:292-312. [PMID: 24160438 DOI: 10.2174/13894501113146660235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is the most serious tropical disease of humankind and a cause of much debilitation and morbidity throughout the world especially in endemic areas like India and Africa. The development of drug resistance may be due to insufficient drug concentration in presence of high parasite load. In addition, the present pharmaceutical dosage forms are ineffective thereby necessitating the development of novel dosage forms which are effective, safe and affordable to underprivileged population of the developing world. The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has raised the possibility of using lipid nanocarriers that interact within biological environment for treatment of infectious diseases. Thus, lipid based nano-delivery systems offer a platform to formulate old and toxic antimalarial drugs thereby modifying their pharmacokinetic profile, biodistribution and targetability. Further, there is a need to develop new chemotherapy based approaches for inhibiting the parasite-specific metabolic pathways. The present review highlights the advances in lipid nanocarriers and putative molecular targets for antimalarial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu-643001, India.
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Abstract
The objective of the study was to optimize artemether-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (ARM-NLC) for intranasal delivery using central composite design. ARM-NLC was prepared by microemulsion method with optimized formulation having particle size of 123.4 nm and zeta potential of -34.4 mV. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that drug existed in amorphous form in NLC formulation. In vitro cytotoxicity assay using SVG p12 cell line and nasal histopathological studies on sheep nasal mucosa indicated the developed formulations were non-toxic and safe for intranasal administration. In vitro release studies revealed that NLC showed sustained release up to 96 h. Ex vivo diffusion studies using sheep nasal mucosa revealed that ARM-NLC had significantly lower flux compared to drug solution (ARM-SOL). Pharmacokinetic and brain uptake studies in Wistar rats showed significantly higher drug concentration in brain in animals treated intranasally (i.n.) with ARM-NLC. Brain to blood ratios for ARM-NLC (i.n.), ARM-SOL (i.n.) and ARM-SOL (i.v.) were 2.619, 1.642 and 0.260, respectively, at 0.5 h indicating direct nose to brain transport of ARM. ARM-NLC showed highest drug targeting efficiency and drug transport percentage of 278.16 and 64.02, respectively, which indicates NLC had better brain targeting efficiency compared to drug solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Jain
- a J.S.S. College of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutics , Rocklands , Udhagamandalam , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Sumeet Sood
- a J.S.S. College of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutics , Rocklands , Udhagamandalam , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- a J.S.S. College of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutics , Rocklands , Udhagamandalam , Tamil Nadu , India
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive age-related irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that represents 70% of all dementia with 35 million cases worldwide. Successful treatment strategies for AD have so far been limited, and present therapy is based on cholinergic replacement therapy and inhibiting glutamate excitotoxicity. In this context, role of neuroprotective drugs has generated considerable interest in management of AD. Recently, direct intranasal (IN) delivery of drug moieties to the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a therapeutically viable alternative to oral and parenteral routes. IN delivery bypasses the blood-brain barrier by delivering and targeting drugs to the CNS along the olfactory and trigeminal neural pathways which are in direct contact with both the environment and the CNS. In an attempt to understand how neurotherapeutics/nanoparticulate delivery systems can be transported from the nose to the CNS, the present review sets out to discuss the mechanism of transport from nose to brain. The aim of this review is to discuss and summarize the latest findings of some of the major studies on IN drug delivery in AD models, with a focus on the potential efficacy of neuroprotective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Sood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy , Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu , India
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Sood S, Jain K, Gowthamarajan K. Intranasal delivery of curcumin–/INS;donepezil nanoemulsion for brain targeting in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sood S, Jain K, Gowthamarajan K. Optimization of curcumin nanoemulsion for intranasal delivery using design of experiment and its toxicity assessment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 113:330-7. [PMID: 24121076 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to optimize curcumin nanoemulsion for intranasal delivery using design of experiment. Box-Behnken design was constructed using oil, surfactant and co-surfactant concentration as independent variables and their affect on response y1 (globule size) and y2 (zeta potential) were studied. The ANOVA test identified the significant factors that affected the responses. For globule size, percentage of oil, surfactant and co-surfactant were identified as significant model terms whereas for zeta potential, oil and co-surfactant were found to be significant. Critical factors affecting the responses were identified using perturbation and contour plots. The derived polynomial equation and contour graph aid in predicting the values of selected independent variables for preparation of optimum nanoemulsion with desired properties. Further, 2(4) factorial design was used to study influence of chitosan on particle size and zeta potential. The formulations were subjected to in vitro cytotoxicity using SK-N-SH cell line and nasal ciliotoxicity studies. The developed formulations did not show any toxicity and were safe for intranasal delivery for brain targeting. In vitro diffusion studies revealed that nanoemulsions had a significantly higher release compared to drug solution. Ex vivo diffusion studies were carried out using sheep nasal mucosa fixed onto Franz diffusion cells. Mucoadhesive nanoemulsion showed higher flux and permeation across sheep nasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Sood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu 643001, India.
| | - Kunal Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu 643001, India
| | - K Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu 643001, India.
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Jain K, Sood S, Gowthamarajan K. Modulation of cerebral malaria by curcumin as an adjunctive therapy. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 17:579-91. [PMID: 23906771 PMCID: PMC9425129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is the most severe and rapidly fatal neurological complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection and responsible for more than two million deaths annually. The current therapy is inadequate in terms of reducing mortality or post-treatment symptoms such as neurological and cognitive deficits. The pathophysiology of cerebral malaria is quite complex and offers a variety of targets which remain to be exploited for better therapeutic outcome. The present review discusses on the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria with particular emphasis on scope and promises of curcumin as an adjunctive therapy to improve survival and overcome neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu 643001, India.
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Sood S, Jain K, Gowthamarajan K. P1–382: Curcumin‐donepezil–loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for intranasal delivery in an Alzheimer's disease model. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kunal Jain
- J.S.S. College of Pharmacy Ootacamund India
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Sood S, Jain K, Gowthamarajan K. P1–383: Delivery of neuroprotective polyphenol to the brain via an intranasal route for management of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Sood
- J.S.S. College of Pharmacy Udhagamandalam India
| | - Kunal Jain
- J.S.S. College of Pharmacy Udhagamandalam India
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Abstract
Hydrogel nanoparticles have gained attention in recent years as they demonstrate the features and characters of hydrogels and nanoparticles at the same time. In the present study chitosan and carrageenan have been used, as hydrogel nanoparticles of mercaptopurine are developed using natural, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymers like chitosan and carrageenan. As these polymers are hydrophilic in nature, the particles will have a long life span in systemic circulation. Hydrogel nanoparticles with mercaptopurine is form an antileukemia drug by the counter polymer gelation method. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) studies have shown a compatibility of polymers with the drug. The diameter of hydrogel nanoparticles was about 370 – 800 nm with a positive zeta potential of 26 – 30 mV. The hydrogel nanoparticles were almost spherical in shape, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Drug loading varied from 9 to 17%. Mercaptopurine released from the nanoparticles at the end of the twenty-fourth hour was about 69.48 – 76.52% at pH 7.4. The drug release from the formulation was following zero order kinetics, which was evident from the release kinetic studies and the mechanism of drug release was anomalous diffusion, which indicated that the drug release was controlled by more than one process.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Senthil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, JSS University, Mysore, India
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Singh SK, Srinivasan KK, Singare DS, Gowthamarajan K, Prakash D. Formulation of ternary complexes of glyburide with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and other solubilizing agents and their effect on release behavior of glyburide in aqueous and buffered media at different agitation speeds. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 38:1328-36. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.650645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Singh SK, Srinivasan KK, Gowthamarajan K, Prakash D, Gaikwad NB, Singare DS. Influence of formulation parameters on dissolution rate enhancement of glyburide using liquisolid technique. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 38:961-70. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.634810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gowthamarajan K, Kumar GKP, Gaikwad NB, Suresh B. Preliminary study of Anacardium occidentale gum as binder in formulation of paracetamol tablets. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Singh S, Srinivasan KK, Gowthamarajan K, Narayan GB. Development and validation of discriminatory dissolution procedure for poorly soluble glyburide. Asian J Pharm 2010. [DOI: 10.4103/0973-8398.76744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kulkarni GT, Gowthamarajan K, Dhobe RR, Yohanan F, Suresh B. Development of controlled release spheroids using natural polysaccharide as release modifier. Drug Deliv 2006; 12:201-6. [PMID: 16036714 DOI: 10.1080/10717540590952537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A polysaccharide hydrogel was isolated from the seeds of Tamarindus indica (tamarind) and was used as release modifier for the preparation of diclofenac sodium spheroids, using extrusion-spheronization technique. The process was studied for the effect of variables to arrive at spheroids with satisfactory particle shape, size and size-distribution. The prepared spheroids were characterized for surface morphology, qualitative surface porosity, friability, bulk density, and flow properties. The in vitro release studies exhibited a zero-order release kinetics that was confirmed by Higuchi's and Peppas' models. A credible correlation was obtained among swelling index, viscosity, surface roughness of the polysaccharide, and in vitro dissolution profile of the spheroids. In the comparative bioavailability study, we found that the developed spheroids were able to sustain the drug release over 8 hr and could improve the extent of absorption and bioavailability of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giriraj T Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Tamilnadu, India.
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Gowthamarajan K, Kulkarni TG, Mahadevan N, Santhi K, Suresh B. Antimicrobial activity of selected herbal extracts. Anc Sci Life 2002; 21:188-90. [PMID: 22557052 PMCID: PMC3331033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2001] [Accepted: 12/14/2001] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF OLEORESINS OF ARAUCARIA BIDWILLI HOOK: and aerial parts of Cytisus scoparius Linn. Were screened for antimicrobial activity against two bacterial strains-Bacillus subtilis (Gram Positive) and Escherichia coli (Gem negative), and two fungal strains - Candida albicans and crytococcus neoformans by two-fold serial dilution technique. The results showed that all the microorganisms used were sensitive to the extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for A. bidwilli were found to be 31.25 μg/ml for Bacillus subtilis and 500 μg/ml for all other organisms used in the study. In case of C. Scoparius, the MIC values were 250 μg/ml for B. Subtilis and 500 μg/ml for allthe other strains used. However, in comparison the ampicillin (MIC: 62.5 μg/ml), and Amphotericin-B (MIC: 125 μg/ml ), the activities of both the extracts were less except A. bidwilli against B.Subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N. Mahadevan
- J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Rocklands, Ootacamund-643 001 (TN)
| | - K. Santhi
- J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Rocklands, Ootacamund-643 001 (TN)
| | - B. Suresh
- J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Rocklands, Ootacamund-643 001 (TN)
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