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Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies, such as Leber congenital amaurosis, Stargardt disease, and retinitis pigmentosa, are characterized by photoreceptor dysfunction and death and currently have few treatment options. Recent technological advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and differentiation methods mean that human photoreceptors can now be studied in vitro. For example, retinal organoids provide a platform to study the development of the human retina and mechanisms of diseases in the dish, as well as being a potential source for cell transplantation. Here, we describe differentiation protocols for 3D cultures that produce retinal organoids containing photoreceptors with rudimentary outer segments. These protocols can be used as a model to understand retinal disease mechanisms and test potential therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) to alter gene expression or RNA processing. This "retina in a dish" model is well suited for use with AONs, as the organoids recapitulate patient mutations in the correct genomic and cellular context, to test potential efficacy and examine off-target effects on the translational path to the clinic.
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2
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Wang H, Marrosu E, Brayson D, Wasala NB, Johnson EK, Scott CS, Yue Y, Hau KL, Trask AJ, Froehner SC, Adams ME, Zhang L, Duan D, Montanaro F. Proteomic analysis identifies key differences in the cardiac interactomes of dystrophin and micro-dystrophin. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1321-1336. [PMID: 33949649 PMCID: PMC8255133 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ΔR4-R23/ΔCT micro-dystrophin (μDys) is a miniaturized version of dystrophin currently evaluated in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene therapy trial to treat skeletal and cardiac muscle disease. In pre-clinical studies, μDys efficiently rescues cardiac histopathology, but only partially normalizes cardiac function. To gain insights into factors that may impact the cardiac therapeutic efficacy of μDys, we compared by mass spectrometry the composition of purified dystrophin and μDys protein complexes in the mouse heart. We report that compared to dystrophin, μDys has altered associations with α1- and β2-syntrophins, as well as cavins, a group of caveolae-associated signaling proteins. In particular, we found that membrane localization of cavin-1 and cavin-4 in cardiomyocytes requires dystrophin and is profoundly disrupted in the heart of mdx5cv mice, a model of DMD. Following cardiac stress/damage, membrane-associated cavin-4 recruits the signaling molecule ERK to caveolae, which activates key cardio-protective responses. Evaluation of ERK signaling revealed a profound inhibition, below physiological baseline, in the mdx5cv mouse heart. Expression of μDys in mdx5cv mice prevented the development of cardiac histopathology but did not rescue membrane localization of cavins nor did it normalize ERK signaling. Our study provides the first comparative analysis of purified protein complexes assembled in vivo by full-length dystrophin and a therapeutic micro-dystrophin construct. This has revealed disruptions in cavins and ERK signaling that may contribute to DMD cardiomyopathy. This new knowledge is important for ongoing efforts to prevent and treat heart disease in DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH 43205, USA.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, China Medical University, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Elena Marrosu
- Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Molecular Neurosciences Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Daniel Brayson
- Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Molecular Neurosciences Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Nalinda B Wasala
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Eric K Johnson
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH 43205, USA
| | - Charlotte S Scott
- Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Molecular Neurosciences Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Yongping Yue
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kwan-Leong Hau
- Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Molecular Neurosciences Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Aaron J Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Stan C Froehner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marvin E Adams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Federica Montanaro
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH 43205, USA.,Developmental Neuroscience Research and Teaching Department, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Molecular Neurosciences Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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3
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Vlahova F, Hawkins KE, Ranzoni AM, Hau KL, Sagar R, De Coppi P, David AL, Adjaye J, Guillot PV. Human mid-trimester amniotic fluid (stem) cells lack expression of the pluripotency marker OCT4A. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8126. [PMID: 31148575 PMCID: PMC6544653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of OCT4A is one of the hallmarks of pluripotency, defined as a stem cell's ability to differentiate into all the lineages of the three germ layers. Despite being defined as non-tumorigenic cells with high translational potential, human mid-trimester amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) are often described as sharing features with embryonic stem cells, including the expression of OCT4A, which could hinder their clinical potential. To clarify the OCT4A status of hAFSCs, we first undertook a systematic review of the literature. We then performed extensive gene and protein expression analyses to discover that neither frozen, nor fresh hAFSCs cultivated in multipotent stem cell culture conditions expressed OCT4A, and that the OCT4A positive results from the literature are likely to be attributed to the expression of pseudogenes or other OCT4 variants. To address this issue, we provide a robust protocol for the assessment of OCT4A in other stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Vlahova
- University College London, Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, London, UK
| | - Kate E Hawkins
- University College London, Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, London, UK
| | - Anna Maria Ranzoni
- University College London, Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, London, UK
| | - Kwan-Leong Hau
- University College London, Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, London, UK
| | - Rachel Sagar
- University College London, Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, London, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna L David
- University College London, Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, London, UK.,Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7DN, UK
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pascale V Guillot
- University College London, Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, London, UK.
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4
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Omairi S, Hau KL, Collins-Hooper H, Scott C, Vaiyapuri S, Torelli S, Montanaro F, Matsakas A, Patel K. Regulation of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex composition by the metabolic properties of muscle fibres. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2770. [PMID: 30808964 PMCID: PMC6391483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) links the muscle cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and is responsible for force transduction and protects the muscle fibres from contraction induced damage. Mutations in components of the DGC are responsible for muscular dystrophies and congenital myopathies. Expression of DGC components have been shown to be altered in many myopathies. In contrast we have very little evidence of whether adaptive changes in muscle impact on DGC expression. In this study we investigated connection between muscle fibre phenotype and the DGC. Our study reveals that the levels of DGC proteins at the sarcolemma differ in highly glycolytic muscle compared to wild-type and that these changes can be normalised by the super-imposition of an oxidative metabolic programme. Importantly we show that the metabolic properties of the muscle do not impact on the total amount of DGC components at the protein level. Our work shows that the metabolic property of a muscle fibre is a key factor in regulating the expression of DGC proteins at the sarcolemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Omairi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,College of Medicine, Wasit University, Kut, Iraq
| | - Kwan-Leong Hau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Developmental Neurosciences, Programme, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, 30 Guilford Street, WC1N 1EH, London, UK
| | | | - Charlotte Scott
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Developmental Neurosciences, Programme, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, 30 Guilford Street, WC1N 1EH, London, UK
| | | | - Silvia Torelli
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Developmental Neurosciences, Programme, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, 30 Guilford Street, WC1N 1EH, London, UK
| | - Federica Montanaro
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Developmental Neurosciences, Programme, London, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, 30 Guilford Street, WC1N 1EH, London, UK
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
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5
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Hawkins KE, Corcelli M, Dowding K, Ranzoni AM, Vlahova F, Hau KL, Hunjan A, Peebles D, Gressens P, Hagberg H, de Coppi P, Hristova M, Guillot PV. Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Have a Superior Neuroprotective Capacity Over Fetal MSCs in the Hypoxic-Ischemic Mouse Brain. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:439-449. [PMID: 29489062 PMCID: PMC5905231 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have huge potential for regenerative medicine. In particular, the use of pluripotent stem cell‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (PSC‐MSCs) overcomes the hurdle of replicative senescence associated with the in vitro expansion of primary cells and has increased therapeutic benefits in comparison to the use of various adult sources of MSCs in a wide range of animal disease models. On the other hand, fetal MSCs exhibit faster growth kinetics and possess longer telomeres and a wider differentiation potential than adult MSCs. Here, for the first time, we compare the therapeutic potential of PSC‐MSCs (ES‐MSCs from embryonic stem cells) to fetal MSCs (AF‐MSCs from the amniotic fluid), demonstrating that ES‐MSCs have a superior neuroprotective potential over AF‐MSCs in the mouse brain following hypoxia‐ischemia. Further, we demonstrate that nuclear factor (NF)‐κB‐stimulated interleukin (IL)‐13 production contributes to an increased in vitro anti‐inflammatory potential of ES‐MSC‐conditioned medium (CM) over AF‐MSC‐CM, thus suggesting a potential mechanism for this observation. Moreover, we show that induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived MSCs (iMSCs) exhibit many similarities to ES‐MSCs, including enhanced NF‐κB signaling and IL‐13 production in comparison to AF‐MSCs. Future studies should assess whether iMSCs also exhibit similar neuroprotective potential to ES‐MSCs, thus presenting a potential strategy to overcome the ethical issues associated with the use of embryonic stem cells and providing a potential source of cells for autologous use against neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy in humans. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2018;7:439–449
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Hawkins
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelangelo Corcelli
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Dowding
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna M Ranzoni
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa Vlahova
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kwan-Leong Hau
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Avina Hunjan
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Donald Peebles
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo de Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariya Hristova
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pascale V Guillot
- Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Omairi S, Hau KL, Collin-Hooper H, Montanaro F, Goyenvalle A, Garcia L, Patel K. Link between MHC Fiber Type and Restoration of Dystrophin Expression and Key Components of the DAPC by Tricyclo-DNA-Mediated Exon Skipping. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2017; 9:409-418. [PMID: 29246319 PMCID: PMC6114118 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Exon skipping mediated by tricyclo-DNA (tc-DNA) antisense oligonucleotides has been shown to induce significant levels of dystrophin restoration in mdx, a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This translates into significant improvement in key disease indicators in muscle, cardio-respiratory function, heart, and the CNS. Here we examine the relationship between muscle fiber type, based on myosin heavy chain (MHC) profile, and the ability of tc-DNA to restore not only dystrophin but also other members of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DAPC). We first profiled this relationship in untreated mdx muscle, and we found that all fiber types support reversion events to a dystrophin-positive state, in an unbiased manner. Importantly, we show that only a small fraction of revertant fibers expressed other members of the DAPC. Immunoblot analysis of protein levels, however, revealed robust expression of these components, which failed to correctly localize to the sarcolemma. We then show that tc-DNA treatment leads to nearly all fibers expressing not only dystrophin but also other key components of the DAPC. Of significance, our work shows that MHC fiber type does not bias the expression of any of these important proteins. This work also highlights that the improved muscle physiology following tc-DNA treatment reported previously results from the complete restoration of the dystrophin complex in all MHCII fibers with equal efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Omairi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Kwan-Leong Hau
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, London, UK
| | | | - Federica Montanaro
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, London, UK
| | - Aurelie Goyenvalle
- Universite de Versailles St. Quentin, INSERM U1179, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Luis Garcia
- Universite de Versailles St. Quentin, INSERM U1179, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
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7
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Hau KL, Ranzoni AM, Vlahova F, Hawkins K, De Coppi P, David AL, Guillot PV. TGFβ-induced osteogenic potential of human amniotic fluid stem cells via CD73-generated adenosine production. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6601. [PMID: 28747757 PMCID: PMC5529586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human amniotic fluid stem cell (hAFSC) population consists of two morphologically distinct subtypes, spindle-shaped and round-shaped cells (SS-hAFSCs and RS-hAFSCs). Whilst SS-hAFSCs are routinely expanded in mesenchymal-type (MT) conditions, we previously showed that they acquire broader differentiation potential when cultured under embryonic-type (ET) conditions. However, the effects of culture conditions on RS-hAFSCs have not been determined. Here, we show that culturing RS-hAFSCs under ET conditions confers faster proliferation and enhances the efficiency of osteogenic differentiation of the cells. We show that this occurs via TGFβ-induced activation of CD73 and the associated increase in the generation of extracellular adenosine. Our data demonstrate that culture conditions are decisive for the expansion of hAFSCs and that TGFβ present in ET conditions causes the phenotype of RS-hAFSCs to revert to an earlier state of stemness. Cultivating RS-hAFSCs in ET conditions with TGFβ may therefore increase their therapeutic potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Leong Hau
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Institute for Women's Health, Research Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Anna Maria Ranzoni
- Institute for Women's Health, Research Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Filipa Vlahova
- Institute for Women's Health, Research Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Kate Hawkins
- Institute for Women's Health, Research Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anna L David
- Institute for Women's Health, Research Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Pascale V Guillot
- Institute for Women's Health, Research Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
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8
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Hawkins KE, Moschidou D, Faccenda D, Wruck W, Martin-Trujillo A, Hau KL, Ranzoni AM, Sanchez-Freire V, Tommasini F, Eaton S, De Coppi P, Monk D, Campanella M, Thrasher AJ, Adjaye J, Guillot PV. Human Amniocytes Are Receptive to Chemically Induced Reprogramming to Pluripotency. Mol Ther 2017; 25:427-442. [PMID: 28153093 PMCID: PMC5368475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Restoring pluripotency using chemical compounds alone would be a major step forward in developing clinical-grade pluripotent stem cells, but this has not yet been reported in human cells. We previously demonstrated that VPA_AFS cells, human amniocytes cultivated with valproic acid (VPA) acquired functional pluripotency while remaining distinct from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), questioning the relationship between the modulation of cell fate and molecular regulation of the pluripotency network. Here, we used single-cell analysis and functional assays to reveal that VPA treatment resulted in a homogeneous population of self-renewing non-transformed cells that fulfill the hallmarks of pluripotency, i.e., a short G1 phase, a dependence on glycolytic metabolism, expression of epigenetic modifications on histones 3 and 4, and reactivation of endogenous OCT4 and downstream targets at a lower level than that observed in hESCs. Mechanistic insights into the process of VPA-induced reprogramming revealed that it was dependent on OCT4 promoter activation, which was achieved independently of the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway or GSK3β inhibition but was concomitant with the presence of acetylated histones H3K9 and H3K56, which promote pluripotency. Our data identify, for the first time, the pluripotent transcriptional and molecular signature and metabolic status of human chemically induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Hawkins
- Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Dafni Moschidou
- Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Danilo Faccenda
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Wasco Wruck
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Alex Martin-Trujillo
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Kwan-Leong Hau
- Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6HX, UK; Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anna Maria Ranzoni
- Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | | | - Fabio Tommasini
- Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6HX, UK; Institute for Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Simon Eaton
- Institute for Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Institute for Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - David Monk
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Institute for Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Pascale V Guillot
- Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6HX, UK.
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9
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Moschidou D, Corcelli M, Hau KL, Ekwalla VJ, Behmoaras JV, De Coppi P, David AL, Bou-Gharios G, Cook HT, Pusey CD, Fisk NM, Guillot PV. Human Chorionic Stem Cells: Podocyte Differentiation and Potential for the Treatment of Alport Syndrome. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:395-404. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dafni Moschidou
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelangelo Corcelli
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kwan-Leong Hau
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J. Ekwalla
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques V. Behmoaras
- Division of Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L. David
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - H. Terence Cook
- Division of Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles D. Pusey
- Division of Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M. Fisk
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pascale V. Guillot
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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