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Nahata L, Halpern JA, Bendle K, Frias O, Orwig K, Reinecke J, Smith JF, Woodard T, Levine J. The Case for Pre-Treatment Sperm Banking as Standard of Care for All Post-Pubertal Males with Cancer. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39347597 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2024.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
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Pelzman D, Dederer G, Joolharzadeh P, Morrill C, Orwig K, Pulaski H, Hwang K. Effect of Distance From Fertility Center on Utilization of Fertility Preservation Referral in Men. JCO Oncol Pract 2023:OP2200789. [PMID: 36927066 DOI: 10.1200/op.22.00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fertility preservation (FP) is underutilized in males with cancer or other diseases requiring gonadotoxic therapies. We sought to evaluate whether patient distance from FP center affected rates of providing a semen analysis after referral. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all males who were referred for FP at a single institution between 2013 and 2021. A multiple logistic regression model was conducted with semen sample submission as the variable of interest. Predictor variables were disease type, distance, and payment method. Secondary outcomes were number of semen samples submitted and number of vials collected. RESULTS Records of 461 males referred to our center were analyzed. Of these patients, 326 (71%) provided a semen sample after referral and 135 (30%) did not. Further distance from our center was associated with lower odds of submitting a semen sample (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.97; P < .05). For patients who submitted at least one sample, distance did not affect the total number of samples submitted but was associated with a small increase in total vials cryopreserved. CONCLUSION Men referred for FP exhibit a high rate of sperm cryopreservation. Further distance from FP center was associated with decreased odds to provide semen sample after referral. Our model estimated a 15% decrease in odds of collection with every doubling of distance from our center. Efforts must be made to improve FP utilization for patients traveling far distances, but distance alone should not preclude referral.
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Teekakirikul P, Zhu W, Xu X, Young CB, Tan T, Smith AM, Wang C, Peterson KA, Gabriel GC, Ho S, Sheng Y, Moreau de Bellaing A, Sonnenberg DA, Lin JH, Fotiou E, Tenin G, Wang MX, Wu YL, Feinstein T, Devine W, Gou H, Bais AS, Glennon BJ, Zahid M, Wong TC, Ahmad F, Rynkiewicz MJ, Lehman WJ, Keavney B, Alastalo TP, Freckmann ML, Orwig K, Murray S, Ware SM, Zhao H, Feingold B, Lo CW. Genetic resiliency associated with dominant lethal TPM1 mutation causing atrial septal defect with high heritability. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100501. [PMID: 35243414 PMCID: PMC8861813 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of large-scale human genomic data has yielded unexplained mutations known to cause severe disease in healthy individuals. Here, we report the unexpected recovery of a rare dominant lethal mutation in TPM1, a sarcomeric actin-binding protein, in eight individuals with large atrial septal defect (ASD) in a five-generation pedigree. Mice with Tpm1 mutation exhibit early embryonic lethality with disrupted myofibril assembly and no heartbeat. However, patient-induced pluripotent-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes show normal beating with mild myofilament defect, indicating disease suppression. A variant in TLN2, another myofilament actin-binding protein, is identified as a candidate suppressor. Mouse CRISPR knock-in (KI) of both the TLN2 and TPM1 variants rescues heart beating, with near-term fetuses exhibiting large ASD. Thus, the role of TPM1 in ASD pathogenesis unfolds with suppression of its embryonic lethality by protective TLN2 variant. These findings provide evidence that genetic resiliency can arise with genetic suppression of a deleterious mutation.
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Pelzman D, Joolharzadeh P, Morrill C, Orwig K, Pulaski H, Hwang K. DISTANCE FROM HOSPITAL DOES NOT REDUCE UTILIZATION OF FERTILITY PRESERVATION IN MEN. Fertil Steril 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Orwig K. O-061 From monkey to man: The fertility of testis tissue grafts. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab127.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Munyoki S, Shami AN, Zheng X, Ma Q, Sukhwani M, Hammoud S, Li JZ, Orwig K. SINGLE CELL TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS IDENTIFIES PUTATIVE CELL SURFACE MARKERS OF HUMAN SPERMATOGONIAL STEM CELLS. Fertil Steril 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sakib S, Uchida A, Valenzuela-Leon P, Yu Y, Valli-Pulaski H, Orwig K, Ungrin M, Dobrinski I. Formation of organotypic testicular organoids in microwell culture†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1648-1660. [PMID: 30927418 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organoids can serve as an in vitro platform to study cell-cell interactions, tissue development, and toxicology. Development of organoids with tissue architecture similar to testis in vivo has remained a challenge. Here, we present a microwell aggregation approach to establish multicellular 3D testicular organoids from pig, mouse, macaque, and human. The organoids consist of germ cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and peritubular myoid cells forming a distinct seminiferous epithelium and interstitial compartment separated by a basement membrane. Sertoli cells in the organoids express tight junction proteins claudin 11 and occludin. Germ cells in organoids showed an attenuated response to retinoic acid compared to germ cells in 2D culture indicating that the tissue architecture of the organoid modulates response to retinoic acid similar to in vivo. Germ cells maintaining physiological cell-cell interactions in organoids also had lower levels of autophagy indicating lower levels of cellular stress. When organoids were treated with mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), levels of germ cell autophagy increased in a dose-dependent manner, indicating the utility of the organoids for toxicity screening. Ablation of primary cilia on testicular somatic cells inhibited the formation of organoids demonstrating an application to screen for factors affecting testicular morphogenesis. Organoids can be generated from cryopreserved testis cells and preserved by vitrification. Taken together, the testicular organoid system recapitulates the 3D organization of the mammalian testis and provides an in vitro platform for studying germ cell function, testicular development, and drug toxicity in a cellular context representative of the testis in vivo.
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Edmonds M, Pulaski H, Orwig K, Woodruff T. SUN-LB045 Microfluidic and Static Culture of Human Testicular Tissue. J Endocr Soc 2019. [PMCID: PMC6552894 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-sun-lb045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular tissue culture has been used as a method to study testicular physiology for over 100 years. However, most of these investigations rely upon rodent tissues, and the translation of these techniques to the human model has proven comparably challenging. This is a critical gap in our fundamental knowledge of human testis biology and limits the value of testicular tissues currently being cryopreserved for men and boys requiring fertility preservation. To meet these twin objectives, maintaining or maturing human testicular tissues ex vivo must be accomplished using new technologies. Microfluidics is an emerging technology that has been developed to support cells ex vivo and has resulted in longer lived tissue function, including the murine ovary and human female reproductive tract. Recent work in the microfluidic culture of murine testes has also demonstrated superior germ cell maintenance comparatively with static culture. For these reasons, we hypothesized that the microfluidic culture will similarly improve and extend the viability of cultured human testicular tissue, while also enabling investigations into endocrine function through a non-invasive manner. To test our hypothesis, we cultured human testicular tissue in both microfluidic and static conditions. Our microfluidic culture system is composed of inert materials (optimal for the recovery of steroid and peptide hormones), and was run at a 40 μL/hour flow rate. Adult human tissues were donated through an IRB-approved autopsy protocol. Tissues were cultured at an air-liquid interface in both culture conditions for upwards of 2 weeks and in the presence of gonadotropins (hCG and FSH). At the completion of culture, tissues were fixed and processed for histological analysis, and major cell types and structures were identified. Secreted testosterone and Inhibin B within culture media was quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cultured tissues demonstrated a dramatic reduction in germ cell number in both static and microfluidic conditions. However, tissues cultured in microfluidics demonstrated reduced tubule basement membrane breakdown and structural degeneration. Tissues cultured in both conditions were productive of secreted testosterone and inhibin B. In conclusion, the present study has explored the utility of microfluidics for human testicular culture. Similar to other tissues, microfluidic culture supported higher viability and better tissue integrity compared to static. Furthermore, microfluidic culture was a convenient way to study secreted hormones over time. Dissimilar to murine microfluidic reports, germ cell populations were not maintained in our studies, yet work is continuing to improve this outcome. Funding: This work was funded by a UH3 grant under the NIEHS and a F31 grant under the NICHD at the National Institutes of Health. Unless otherwise noted, all abstracts presented at ENDO are embargoed until the date and time of presentation. For oral presentations, the abstracts are embargoed until the session begins. Abstracts presented at a news conference are embargoed until the date and time of the news conference. The Endocrine Society reserves the right to lift the embargo on specific abstracts that are selected for promotion prior to or during ENDO.
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Dobrinski I, Orwig K. Brinster Spermatogonial Stem Cell Transplantation 25 th Anniversary Symposium. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 63:573-578. [PMID: 32149366 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.190362id] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Symposium, co-sponsored by the Institute of Regenerative Medicine, the University Research Foundation, the Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, the Penn Center for the Study of Epigenetics in Reproduction, and Penn Vet at the University of Pennsylvania, commemorated the 25th anniversary of the first publications describing spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) transplantation in mice. This transformative approach has propelled advances in our understanding of germ cell biology, has been translated to a variety of vertebrate species, and holds translational potential for fertility restoration in patients. The symposium opened with a lecture by Dr. Brinster reflecting on the origin of the work, as well as advances over the 25 years up to present ongoing studies. Following Dr. Brinster's remarks, 10 lectures were presented by distinguished scientists, including several of Dr. Brinster's former trainees and colleagues. The symposium closed with a keynote lecture by Dr. David Page. Topics ranged from aspects of basic SSC biology to applications in large animal models and potential translation to treating human male infertility. Many of the studies presented directly resulted from SSC transplantation technology highlighting its tremendous impact in advancing the field. The Symposium program and the lectures can be found at https://spark.adobe.com/page/jS0cDLzLHvOiJ.
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Smith BM, Duncan FE, Ataman L, Smith K, Quinn GP, Chang RJ, Finlayson C, Orwig K, Valli-Pulaski H, Moravek MB, Zelinski MB, Irene Su H, Vitek W, Smith JF, Jeruss JS, Gracia C, Coutifaris C, Shah D, Nahata L, Gomez-Lobo V, Appiah LC, Brannigan RE, Gillis V, Gradishar W, Javed A, Rhoton-Vlasak AS, Kondapalli LA, Neuber E, Ginsberg JP, Muller CH, Hirshfeld-Cytron J, Kutteh WH, Lindheim SR, Cherven B, Meacham LR, Rao P, Torno L, Sender LS, Vadaparampil ST, Skiles JL, Schafer-Kalkhoff T, Frias OJ, Byrne J, Westphal LM, Schust DJ, Klosky JL, McCracken KA, Ting A, Khan Z, Granberg C, Lockart B, Scoccia B, Laronda MM, Mersereau JE, Marsh C, Pavone ME, Woodruff TK. The National Physicians Cooperative: transforming fertility management in the cancer setting and beyond. Future Oncol 2018; 14:3059-3072. [PMID: 30474429 PMCID: PMC6331694 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Once unimaginable, fertility management is now a nationally established part of cancer care in institutions, from academic centers to community hospitals to private practices. Over the last two decades, advances in medicine and reproductive science have made it possible for men, women and children to be connected with an oncofertility specialist or offered fertility preservation soon after a cancer diagnosis. The Oncofertility Consortium's National Physicians Cooperative is a large-scale effort to engage physicians across disciplines – oncology, urology, obstetrics and gynecology, reproductive endocrinology, and behavioral health – in clinical and research activities to enable significant progress in providing fertility preservation options to children and adults. Here, we review the structure and function of the National Physicians Cooperative and identify next steps.
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Pech M, Garbuzov A, Sukhwani M, Benayoun B, Lin S, Brunet A, Orwig K, Artandi SE. Abstract 980: Encoding immortality: Transcriptional control of telomerase in stem cells in vivo. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
One of the invariant features of human cancer is unlimited proliferation, a hallmark conferred by telomerase in 90% tumors. Somatic mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene promoter are highly recurrent in human cancers. Telomerase is also critically important in human stem cells, as evidenced by mutations in telomerase, which contribute to degenerative diseases. Despite the importance of telomerase in tissue maintenance, the identity of telomerase-positive cells has remained elusive, owing to low levels of the core telomerase components. The ability to isolate TERT-positive cells in vivo would significantly advance our understanding of telomerase regulation, tissue function and carcinogenesis. To address these issues, we created knock-in transcriptional reporters of TERT expression by replacing the TERT open reading frame with the red fluorescent protein, TdTomato. Among mouse tissues, telomerase activity is most strongly expressed in testis, a tissue in which resident stem cells fuel the continuous generation of male gametes. In human sperm, telomere lengths are preserved with age, although how this is achieved, in contrast to the age-dependent telomere shortening seen in somatic tissues, remains unresolved. Using TERTTdTomato/+ knock-in reporter mice, we found that only a rare subset of cells in mouse testis expresses high levels of TERT. By double immunostaining, these TERTHigh cells were synonymous with undifferentiated spermatogonia, the primitive cell population in which male germline stem cells reside. By FACS of the germ cells in testis, TERTHigh cells and TERTLow cells represent discrete populations that were further studied using additional markers. The undifferentiated spermatogonia in the TERTHigh population were further fractionated into GFRalpha+ and GFRalpha- populations. Cells in the TERTLow population were nearly all cKit+, consistent with their identification as differentiated spermatogonia. We characterized these populations in molecular and functional terms. Using RNAseq, we established a hierarchy among these populations according to which the TERTHigh GFRalpha1+ cells give rise to TERTHigh GFRalpha1- cells, which in turn yield TERTLow cKit+ cells. Surprisingly, in transplantation studies, TERTHigh GFRalpha1+ cells and TERTHigh GFRalpha1- cells possess comparable stem cell activity. These data suggest the existence of stem cell plasticity according to which cells in either primitive population retain stem cell potential. In contrast, TERTLow cKit+ cells fail to reconstitute spermatogenesis in transplantation experiments and therefore lack stem cell activity. These studies reveal marked transcriptional regulation of telomerase in vivo and show a strong concordance between stemness and telomerase levels in rare subsets of tissue stem cells in vivo. These findings indicate the existence of innate signaling pathways controlling TERT expression over a surprising dynamic range.
Citation Format: Matthew Pech, Alina Garbuzov, Meena Sukhwani, Berenice Benayoun, Shengda Lin, Anne Brunet, Kyle Orwig, Steven E. Artandi. Encoding immortality: Transcriptional control of telomerase in stem cells in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 980. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-980
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Berger J, Mital P, Beck T, Sukhwani M, Althouse A, Krivak T, Kelley J, Orwig K. Platinum and taxane-induced ovarian toxicity: Mechanism of damage and evaluation of gonadoprotective agents. Gynecol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.01.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Berger J, Beck T, Mital P, Elishaev E, Sukhwani M, Oesterreich S, Vlad A, Krivak T, Kelley J, Orwig K. A novel orthotopic mouse model of epithelial ovarian carcinoma demonstrating progression from early stage disease to carcinomatosis in both immune-competent and immune-deficient models. Gynecol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.01.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Berger J, Beck T, Mital P, Sukhwani M, Kelley J, Krivak T, Orwig K. Platinum and taxane-induced ovarian damage in a mouse model: mechanisms and implications for gonadoprotection. Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Phillips B, Peters K, Orwig K. GDNF Signaling Regulates YBX1/mRNA Interactions in Mouse Spermatogonia. Biol Reprod 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/87.s1.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Suzuki H, Ahn HW, Chu T, Bowden W, Gassei K, Orwig K, Rajkovic A. SOHLH1 and SOHLH2 coordinate spermatogonial differentiation. Dev Biol 2011; 361:301-12. [PMID: 22056784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogonial self-renewal and differentiation are essential for male fertility and reproduction. We discovered that germ cell specific genes Sohlh1 and Sohlh2, encode basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional regulators that are essential in spermatogonial differentiation. Sohlh1 and Sohlh2 individual mouse knockouts show remarkably similar phenotypes. Here we show that SOHLH1 and SOHLH2 proteins are co-expressed in the entire spermatogonial population except in the GFRA1(+) spermatogonia, which includes spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). SOHLH1 and SOHLH2 are expressed in both KIT negative and KIT positive spermatogonia, and overlap Ngn3/EGFP and SOX3 expression. SOHLH1 and SOHLH2 heterodimerize with each other in vivo, as well as homodimerize. The Sohlh1/Sohlh2 double mutant phenocopies single mutants, i.e., spermatogonia continue to proliferate but do not differentiate properly. Further analysis revealed that GFRA1(+) population was increased, while meiosis commenced prematurely in both single and double knockouts. Sohlh1 and Sohlh2 double deficiency has a synergistic effect on gene expression patterns as compared to the single knockouts. SOHLH proteins affect spermatogonial development by directly regulating Gfra1, Sox3 and Kit gene expression. SOHLH1 and SOHLH2 suppress genes involved in SSC maintenance, and induce genes important for spermatogonial differentiation.
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Honaramooz A, Schlatt S, Orwig K, Kim NH. Recent advances in reproductive technologies. Vet Med Int 2011; 2011:915031. [PMID: 21776358 PMCID: PMC3135318 DOI: 10.4061/2011/915031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Simerly C, McFarland D, Castro C, Lin CC, Redinger C, Jacoby E, Mich-Basso J, Orwig K, Mills P, Ahrens E, Navara C, Schatten G. Interspecies chimera between primate embryonic stem cells and mouse embryos: monkey ESCs engraft into mouse embryos, but not post-implantation fetuses. Stem Cell Res 2011; 7:28-40. [PMID: 21543277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unequivocal evidence for pluripotency in which embryonic stem cells contribute to chimeric offspring has yet to be demonstrated in human or nonhuman primates (NHPs). Here, rhesus and baboons ESCs were investigated in interspecific mouse chimera generated by aggregation or blastocyst injection. Aggregation chimera produced mouse blastocysts with GFP-nhpESCs at the inner cell mass (ICM), and embryo transfers (ETs) generated dimly-fluorescencing abnormal fetuses. Direct injection of GFP-nhpESCs into blastocysts produced normal non-GFP-fluorescencing fetuses. Injected chimera showed >70% loss of GFP-nhpESCs after 21 h culture. Outgrowths of all chimeric blastocysts established distinct but separate mouse- and NHP-ESC colonies. Extensive endogenous autofluorescence compromised anti-GFP detection and PCR analysis did not detect nhpESCs in fetuses. NhpESCs localize to the ICM in chimera and generate pregnancies. Because primate ESCs do not engraft post-implantation, and also because endogenous autofluorescence results in misleading positive signals, interspecific chimera assays for pluripotency with primate stem cells is unreliable with the currently available ESCs. Testing primate ESCs reprogrammed into even more naïve states in these inter-specific chimera assays will be an important future endeavor.
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Dovey S, Valli H, Hermann B, Orwig K. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting may allow separation of malignant leukemic cells from a testicular cell suspension. Fertil Steril 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Navara CS, Mich-Basso JD, Redinger CJ, Ben-Yehudah A, Jacoby E, Kovkarova-Naumovski E, Sukhwani M, Orwig K, Kaminski N, Castro CA, Simerly CR, Schatten G. Pedigreed primate embryonic stem cells express homogeneous familial gene profiles. Stem Cells 2007; 25:2695-2704. [PMID: 17641389 PMCID: PMC4357318 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great biomedical promise, but experiments comparing them produce heterogeneous results, raising concerns regarding their reliability and utility, although these variations may result from their disparate and anonymous origins. To determine whether primate ESCs have intrinsic biological limitations compared with mouse ESCs, we examined expression profiles and pluripotency of newly established nonhuman primate ESC (nhpESCs). Ten pedigreed nhpESC lines, seven full siblings (fraternal quadruplets and fraternal triplets), and nine half siblings were derived from 41 rhesus embryos; derivation success correlated with embryo quality. Each line has been growing continuously for approximately 1 year with stable diploid karyotype (except for one stable trisomy) and expresses in vitro pluripotency markers, and eight have already formed teratomas. Unlike the heterogeneous gene expression profiles found among hESCs, these nhpESCs display remarkably homogeneous profiles (>97%), with full-sibling lines nearly identical (>98.2%). Female nhpESCs express genes distinct from their brother lines; these sensitive analyses are enabled because of the very low background differences. Experimental comparisons among these primate ESCs may prove more reliable than currently available hESCs, since they are akin to inbred mouse strains in which genetic variables are also nearly eliminated. Finally, contrasting the biological similarities among these lines with the heterogeneous hESCs might suggest that additional, more uniform hESC lines are justified. Taken together, pedigreed primate ESCs display homogeneous and reliable expression profiles. These similarities to mouse ESCs suggest that heterogeneities found among hESCs likely result from their disparate origins rather than intrinsic biological limitations with primate embryonic stem cells.
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Hermann B, Sukhwani M, Lin CC, Sheng Y, Plant T, Orwig K. PROSPECTIVE IDENTIFICATION AND ISOLATION OF TYPE-A SPERMATOGONIA FROM JUVENILE RHESUS MACAQUE TESTES. Biol Reprod 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/77.s1.93c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Filley S, Supancic S, Salli U, Orwig K, Stormshak F. Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate protein and mRNA in bovine corpus luteum during the estrous cycle. Endocrine 2000; 12:289-94. [PMID: 10963050 DOI: 10.1385/endo:12:3:289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/1999] [Revised: 02/17/2000] [Accepted: 02/17/2000] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The bovine corpus luteum contains a myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) protein known to crosslink actin filaments in the cytoskeletal cortex associated with the plasma membrane. We conducted experiments to determine whether concentrations of MARCKS mRNA and protein in the bovine corpus luteum varied during the estrous cycle. Using Northern blots probed with a MARCKS cDNA, we found that luteal concentrations of MARCKS mRNA were greatest on d 4, 8, and 12 and markedly reduced on d 16 of the cycle (p < 0.08). Similarly, Western blot analysis of luteal proteins revealed that concentrations of MARCKS protein were greatest on d 8 and least on d 16 of the cycle (p < 0.01). Exposure of slices from a d 8 corpus luteum to prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) during a 10-min incubation in the presence of [32P]-ortho-phosphate resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of MARCKS in membrane and cytosolic fractions compared to that of controls. We therefore concluded that expression of the luteal MARCKS protein gene may be regulated and that PGF2alpha-induced phosphorylation of this protein is attributable to activation of protein kinase C.
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