Prognostic role of androgen receptor expression in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer

At present, there are no valid prognostic biomarkers in patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) except well known clinical factors such as tumor size, lymph node status, differentiation grade and proliferation rate.

AIM

To evaluate the prognostic role of androgen receptor (AR) expression in patients with TNBC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The effect of the AR expression level in tumor tissue on overall survival depending on clinical, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the tumor was evaluated in 116 patients with metastatic TNBC.

RESULTS

The independent prognostic value of AR expression in patients with TNBC of different stages was shown. The median overall survival was higher in patients with AR-positive tumors compared with AR-negative tumors (57 months vs 27 months, p < 0.0001). Five-year survival since diagnosis in the group with AR-positive TNBC was 47.6 ± 8.3% vs 20.0 ± 5.3% in the group with AR-negative TNBC (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of our study indicate a favorable impact of AR expression on the overall survival of TNBC patients.

[MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHEMOTHERAPY TOXICITY IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER]

The use of modern chemotherapy (CT) allowed to achieve significant progress in the treatment of many malignant tumors that were previously considered fatal. Improving the efficiency of the treatment was achieved by the intensification of chemotherapy. However, intensification of chemotherapy regimes provoked increase in the number of side effects of anticancer therapy,which often lead to a decrease in the intensity of the selected mode, the additional financial costs of treating the complications and the formation of the negative attitude of the patient to treatment. Thus, the side effects of chemotherapy are the actual problem of modern oncology. The purpose of this literature review was to investigate the frequency, symptoms and ways to prevent and treat various types of toxicity of chemotherapy.

[Hepatotoxicity of cytostatic drugs in treatment of oncology patients]

A hepatotoxicity can be observed at the use of different groups of antitumoral drugs. Cytotoxicity drugs have a leading place in relation to incidence and severity of liver damage. During chemotherapy the development of hepatotoxicity is caused by thedamage of the liver parenchymal cells with fatty degeneration, necrosis of the liver tissue, and cholestasis. The study of the mechanisms of development, clinical course and laboratory manifestations of hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy will lead to its prevention or reduction, which will improve the immediate and long-term results of treatment of patients with cancer.

[The toxic effects of chemotherapy on the gastrointestinal tract]

In modern oncology chemotherapy (CT), along with the surgical technique and radiotherapy is a leader in the treatment of cancer patients. More than 60% of patients receiving chemotherapy at different stages of treatment. Recently, modern chemotherapy has become more urgent personal approach to the choice of drugs and their doses, aimed at reducing the toxicity of chemotherapy. Complications of chemotherapy significantly degrade the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with malignant tumors, because they require lower doses of anticancer drug, or lengthening the intervals between cycles of chemotherapy, which affects treatment outcomes and quality of life. This paper presents a literature review of toxic effects of cytostatic drugs on the gastrointestinal tract.

[Modern principles of chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer]

Treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer is one of the most difficult problems of clinical oncology. Chemotherapy is one of the main methods of treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Long experience of the world's cancer centers, advances in clinical oncology recent decades, the synthesis of anticancer drugs with new mechanisms of action have led to progress in the treatment of disseminated breast cancer. However, as shown by recent studies, the improvement of chemotherapy is not associated with reduced mortality from this disease. This paper presents the effectiveness of anticancer drugs and their combinations in the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Compliance with which, as it seems to us to produce superior results in treating this disease.

[Prognostic value of tumour cell apoptosis in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]

In the article the data about CD95 antigen, spontaneous and induced apoptosis level of tumour cells at the different stages of B-NHD are cited. The obtained data testify that the apoptosis level of tumour cells allows forecasting the progression of disease.

[The clinical course and histological characteristics of medullary hematopoiesis in acute leukemia in those who worked in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]

The course is analyzed of myeloblastic leukemia in twelve participants in the elimination of the aftermath of the Chernobyl Atomic Power Plant breakdown. The iliac trepanobiopsies bone-marrow hemopoiesis is studied. A gross depression of normal hemopoiesis has been revealed together with a fibrous transformation of the bone marrow, which fact suggests a profound damage to the hemopoietic micro-surroundings, being a cause of ineffective hemopoiesis, of grave course of the illness, and of failure to respond to cytostatic therapy.