Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus - an overview

Staphylococcus aureus strains those are resistant to methicillin are referred to as Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. These express mecA gene to produce altered penicillin binding protein. At present Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been increasing as a serious nosocomial and community pathogen having the property of multi drug resistant. Humans are the natural reservoir for Staphylococcus aureus and asymptomatic colonization is far more common than infection. Many hospitals of different country of the world including Bangladesh are struggling with increasing number of this versatile pathogen. Early and specific diagnosis is important to ensure a favourable outcome. In this paper we attempted to explore history, prevalence, transmission, risk factors, pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and control of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a critical review to provide some new upgrade regarding this super bug.

Detection of biofilm formation among the isolates of staphylococcus epidermidis by modified microtiter- plate test

The present study was done to detect biofilm formation among the strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from different clinical specimens and healthy controls in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College between July 2007 to June 2008. A total of 62 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates were identified by standard microbiological technique. Among them 32 S. epidermidis were isolated from cases and 30 were from healthy controls. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was carried out by disk diffusion method as per recommendation of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute 2007. Biofilm production was detected by Modified microtiter-plate test. Out of 32 clinical isolates of S. epidermidis, 13 strains found to produce biofilm. On the other hand out of 30 S. epidermidis from healthy controls, only 5 strains produced biofilm. So detection rate of biofilm production of S. epidermidis by Modified microtiter plate test in clinical isolates was significantly higher than that of control group.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital

The study was done to determine the drug resistance pattern of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) isolated from different clinical specimens at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh during the period from July 2007 to June 2008. A total of 32 Staphylococcus epidermidis were isolated from 200 different clinical specimens by standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility of all the isolates was carried out by disk diffusion method as per recommendation of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute 2007. Out of 32 Staphylococcus epidermidis 18(56.25%) were detected as Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) by disk diffusion method. In this study, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis showed multidrug resistance. Resistant to penicillin, amoxycillin, oxacillin and cloxacillin was 100% followed by gentamycin (56%), erythromycin (50%), doxycycline (44%), cephradine (44%), ciprofloxacin (39%), fucidic acid (33%), cefuroxime (33%) and ceftriaxone (28%). All isolates of MRSE were susceptible to rifampicin and vancomycin.

Swine flu: a new emerging disease

Swine flu is an important zoonotic disease that has been recognized as an important global health problem by any one of several types of swine influenza virus or swine-origin influenza virus. Due to its increasing incidence in many countries of the world and occurrence of several large outbreaks in present year, it is a burning issue nowadays. It is thought to be a mutation--more specifically, a reassortment of four known strains of influenza A virus subtype H1N1. Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide. Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always lead to human influenza, often resulting only in the production of antibodies in the blood. Due to variability of clinical features and limited availability of laboratory facilities, the disease remains largely under-reported. Early and specific diagnosis is important to ensure a favourable outcome. In this paper we attempted to explore history, classification, transmission, sign symptoms, diagnosis and prevention of swine flu as a critical review to provide some new upgrade regarding this devastating pandemic disease.

Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus epidermidis

The present study was done to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from different clinical specimens and healthy controls in the department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College from July, 2007 to June, 2008. A total of 62 Staphylococcus epidermidis were isolated from 230 specimens. Among them 32(23%) S. epidermidis were isolated from 200 cases and 30(100%) were isolated from 30 healthy controls. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of the isolates was carried out by disk diffusion method as per recommendation of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute, 2007. Isolates of S. epidermidis from cases showed multidrug resistance as follows-penicillin 94%, oxacillin 56%, gentamycin 44%, erythromycin 41%, doxycycline 37%, cephradine 34%, ciprofloxacin 28%, ceftriaxone 28%, fusidic acid 22% and cefuroxime 19%. On the other hand, isolates of S. epidermidis from controls were susceptible to all antibiotics except penicillin, which was only 10% resistant. A remarkable difference was observed in the resistance pattern of S. epidermidis isolated from cases and healthy controls. However in our study no isolates of S. epidermidis was resistant to rifampicin and vancomycin, which can be used as last line of drugs to treat nosocomial S. epidermidis infection.