[Association of adiponectin gene alleles with type 2 diabetes mellitus in residents of Bashkortostan]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most acute problems of the modern world. The disease is characterized by high ratio of micro- and macrovascular complications. T2DM is a multifactorial and polygenic disease, structure of hereditary predisposition to which may be population-specific. Aim - the analysis of allelic associations of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ, rs17366743) with T2DM, its clinical and metabolic characteristics and complications in T2DM patients resident in the Republic of Bashkortostan.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

3 PCR-based method of genotyping with polymorphic marker rs17366743 of ADIPOQ gene in 433 T2DM patients and 428 healthy controls, residents of Bashkortostan.

RESULTS

The ratio of genotype CT and allele С was higher in T2DM patients compared with controls (15.7% vs. 6.8%; p=0.0002 and 7.8% vs. 3.4%; p<0.0001, respectively). Genotype ТТ and allele Т were less frequent in T2DM than in healthy subjects (84.3 and 93,2%; p=0.0002; 92.2 and 96.6%, p<0.0001, respectively). The association with the development of diabetic retinopathy and cataract was shown (p=0,044, p=0,008, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

Allele C and genotype CT are risk markers of T2DM (OR=2.43 and 2.56 respectively).

[Association of variable rs1801282 locus of PPARG2 gene with diabetic nephropathy]

The association of the variable rs1801282 locus of the PPARG2 gene (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications was analyzed in inhabitants of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The genotype frequencies of the variable rs1801282 locus of the PPARG2 gene did not significantly differ in groups of healthy persons and patients with type 2 diabetes in all three considered inheritance models (codominant, dominant, and recessive). At the same time, it was demonstrated that the risk of one of the diabetic complications, i.e., diabetic nephropathy, was associated with the variable rs1801282 locus of the PPARG2 gene. Diabetic nephropathy was more common in patients with the C/C genotype (62.7%) compared to the C/G and G/G genotypes (37.5%), P = 0.036. The G allele is protective in regard to diabetic nephropathy (OR = 0.36) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.