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Arrieta-Bolaños E, Madrigal-Sánchez JJ, Stein JE, Órlich-Pérez P, Moreira-Espinoza MJ, Paredes-Carias E, Vanegas-Padilla Y, Salazar-Sánchez L, Madrigal JA, Marsh SGE, Shaw BE. High-resolution HLA allele and haplotype frequencies in majority and minority populations of Costa Rica and Nicaragua: Differential admixture proportions in neighboring countries. HLA 2019; 91:514-529. [PMID: 29687625 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The HLA system shows the most extensive polymorphism in the human genome. Allelic and haplotypic frequencies of HLA genes vary dramatically across human populations. Due to a complex history of migration, populations in Latin America show a broad variety of admixture proportions, usually varying not only between countries, but also within countries. Knowledge of HLA allele and haplotype frequencies is essential for medical fields such as transplantation, but also serves as a means to assess genetic diversity and ancestry in human populations. Here, we have determined high-resolution HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies in a sample of 713 healthy subjects from three Mestizo populations, one population of African descent, and Amerindians of five different groups from Costa Rica and Nicaragua and compared their profiles to a large set of indigenous populations from Iberia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Americas. Our results show a great degree of allelic and haplotypic diversity within and across these populations, with most extended haplotypes being private. Mestizo populations show alleles and haplotypes of putative European, Amerindian, and Sub-Saharan African origin, albeit with differential proportions. Despite some degree of gene flow, Amerindians and Afro-descendants show great similarity to other Amerindian and West African populations, respectively. This is the first comprehensive study reporting high-resolution HLA diversity in Central America, and its results will shed light into the genetic history of this region while also supporting the development of medical programs for organ and stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Arrieta-Bolaños
- Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital, Essen, Germany.,Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Centro de Investigaciones en Hematología y Trastornos Afines (CIHATA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - J E Stein
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Órlich-Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hematología y Trastornos Afines (CIHATA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.,División de Banco de Células Madre, Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital San Juan de Dios, San José, Costa Rica
| | - M J Moreira-Espinoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - E Paredes-Carias
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - Y Vanegas-Padilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - L Salazar-Sánchez
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - J A Madrigal
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - S G E Marsh
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - B E Shaw
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
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Arroyo J, Salazar-Sánchez L, Jiménez-Cruz G, Chaverri P, Arrieta-Bolaños E, Morera B. Prevalence and geographic distribution of haemophilia in Costa Rica. Hamostaseologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryHaemophilia is the most frequent hereditary haemorrhagic illness and it is due to the deficiency of coagulation factors VIII (haemophilia A, HA) or IX (haemophilia B, HB).The prevalence of this disease varies according to the country, those having better survival rates having also higher prevalences. Specifically in Costa Rica, there are around 130 HA and 30 HB families. This study reports the prevalence and a spatial distribution analysis of both types of the disease in this country. The prevalence of haemophilia in this country is 7 cases per 100 000 men, for HA it is 6 cases per 100 000 and for HB it is 1 case per 100 000 male inhabitants. The prevalence of this disease is low when compared with other populations. This low prevalence could be due to the many patients that have died because of infection with human immunodeficiency virus during the 1980s. The prevalence of haemophilia in Costa Rica is almost one half of that present in developed countries. Nevertheless, the ratio between HA and HB follows world tendency: 5 : 1. In this study, nationwide geographical distribution maps were drawn in order to visualize the origin of severe cases and how this influences the pattern of distribution for both types of haemophilia. By means of these maps, it was possible to state that there is no association between the sites of maximum prevalence of mutated alleles and ethnicity. With this study, haemophilia prevalence distribution maps can be used to improve efforts for the establishment of hemophilia clinics or specialized health centers in those areas which hold the highest prevalences in this country. Also, this knowledge can be applied to improve treatment skills and offer the possibility of developing focused genetic counseling for these populations.
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Arrieta-Bolaños E, McWhinnie AJ, Madrigal-Sánchez JJ, Calvo L, Salazar-Sánchez L, Madrigal JA, Marsh SGE, Shaw BE. A novel HLA-A allele,A*74:23, identified in an individual from Costa Rica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 84:583-4. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Arrieta-Bolaños
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute; Royal Free Hospital; London UK
- Royal Free Campus, Cancer Institute; University College London; London UK
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hematología y Trastornos Afines (CIHATA); Universidad de Costa Rica; San José Costa Rica
| | - A. J. McWhinnie
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute; Royal Free Hospital; London UK
| | - J. J. Madrigal-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hematología y Trastornos Afines (CIHATA); Universidad de Costa Rica; San José Costa Rica
| | - L. Calvo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hematología y Trastornos Afines (CIHATA); Universidad de Costa Rica; San José Costa Rica
| | - L. Salazar-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hematología y Trastornos Afines (CIHATA); Universidad de Costa Rica; San José Costa Rica
| | - J. A. Madrigal
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute; Royal Free Hospital; London UK
- Royal Free Campus, Cancer Institute; University College London; London UK
| | - S. G. E. Marsh
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute; Royal Free Hospital; London UK
- Royal Free Campus, Cancer Institute; University College London; London UK
| | - B. E. Shaw
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute; Royal Free Hospital; London UK
- Haemato-Oncology Research Unit, Division of Molecular Pathology; The Institute of Cancer Research; London UK
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Salazar-Sánchez L, Jiménez-Cruz G, Mendez M, Chaverri P, Alvarado P, Schröder W, Wulff K, Sandoval M, Herrmann FH, Pavlova A, Oldenburg J. Molecular analysis of FVIII gene in severe HA patients of Costa Rica. Hamostaseologie 2010; 30 Suppl 1:S150-S152. [PMID: 21052611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Haemophilia A (HA) is X-chromosome linked bleeding disorders caused by deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). It is caused by FVIII gene intron 22 inversion (Inv22) in approximately 45% and by intron 1 inversion (Inv1) in 5% of the patients. Both inversions occur as a result of intrachromosomal recombination between homologous regions, in intron 1 or 22 and their extragenic copy located telomeric to the FVIII gene. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of these mutations in 25 HA Costa Rican families. PATIENTS, METHODS We studied 34 HA patients and 110 unrelated obligate members and possible carriers for the presence of Inv22or Inv1. Standard analyses of the factor VIII gene were used incl. Southern blot and long-range polymerase chain reaction for inversion analysis. RESULTS We found altered Inv22 restriction profiles in 21 patients and 37 carriers. It was found type 1 and type 2 of the inversion of Inv22. During the screening for Inv1 among the HA patient, who were Inv22 negative, we did not found this mutation. DISCUSSION Our data highlight the importance of the analysis of Inv22 for their association with development of inhibitors in the HA patients and we are continuous searching of Inv1 mutation. This knowledge represents a step for genetic counseling and prevention of the inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Salazar-Sánchez
- University of Costa Rica, Centre for Research in Hematology and Related Disorders (CIHATA),Costa Rica.
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Arroyo J, Salazar-Sánchez L, Jiménez-Cruz G, Chaverri P, Arrieta-Bolaños E, Morera B. Prevalence and geographic distribution of haemophilia in Costa Rica. Hamostaseologie 2010; 30 Suppl 1:S28-S31. [PMID: 21042672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilia is the most frequent hereditary haemorrhagic illness and it is due to the deficiency of coagulation factors VIII (haemophilia A, HA) or IX (haemophilia B, HB). The prevalence of this disease varies according to the country, those having better survival rates having also higher prevalences. Specifically in Costa Rica, there are around 130 HA and 30 HB families. This study reports the prevalence and a spatial distribution analysis of both types of the disease in this country. The prevalence of haemophilia in this country is 7 cases per 100000 men, for HA it is 6 cases per 100000 and for HB it is 1 case per 100000 male inhabitants. The prevalence of this disease is low when compared with other populations. This low prevalence could be due to the many patients that have died because of infection with human immunodeficiency virus during the 1980s. The prevalence of haemophilia in Costa Rica is almost one half of that present in developed countries. Nevertheless, the ratio between HA and HB follows world tendency: 5:1. In this study, nationwide geographical distribution maps were drawn in order to visualize the origin of severe cases and how this influences the pattern of distribution for both types of haemophilia. By means of these maps, it was possible to state that there is no association between the sites of maximum prevalence of mutated alleles and ethnicity. With this study, haemophilia prevalence distribution maps can be used to improve efforts for the establishment of hemophilia clinics or specialized health centers in those areas which hold the highest prevalences in this country. Also, this knowledge can be applied to improve treatment skills and offer the possibility of developing focused genetic counseling for these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Arroyo
- University of Costa Rica, Centre for Research in Haematology and Related Disorders (CIHATA).
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Jiménez-Cruz G, Mendez M, Chaverri P, Alvarado P, Schröder W, Wulff K, Sandoval M, Herrmann FH, Pavlova A, Oldenburg J, Salazar-Sánchez L. Molecular analysis of FVIII gene in severe HA patients of Costa Rica. Hamostaseologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryHaemophilia A (HA) is X-chromosome linked bleeding disorders caused by deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). It is caused by FVIII gene intron 22 inversion (Inv22) in approximately 45% and by intron 1 inversion (Inv1) in 5% of the patients. Both inversions occur as a result of intrachromosomal recombination between homologous regions, in intron 1 or 22 and their extragenic copy located telomeric to the FVIII gene. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of these mutations in 25 HA Costa Rican families. Patients, methods: We studied 34 HA patients and 110 unrelated obligate members and possible carriers for the presence of Inv22or Inv1. Standard analyses of the factor VIII gene were used incl. Southern blot and long-range polymerase chain reaction for inversion analysis. Results: We found altered Inv22 restriction profiles in 21 patients and 37 carriers. It was found type 1 and type 2 of the inversion of Inv22. During the screening for Inv1 among the HA patient, who were Inv22 negative, we did not found this mutation. Discussion: Our data highlight the importance of the analysis of Inv22 for their association with development of inhibitors in the HA patients and we are continuous searching of Inv1 mutation. This knowledge represents a step for genetic counseling and prevention of the inhibitor development.
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