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Macário MS, Nascimento CS, Sousa FCB, Oliveira IRS, Vesco APD, Barbosa LT, Sousa KRS. Identification of reference genes for studies of quantitative gene expression in male and female quail tissues. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2400-2413. [PMID: 35792778 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2092744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In industrial poultry, quail production has gained increasing prominence over the years. It is known that the intensification of genetic studies has contributed greatly to this growth, through techniques, such as analysis of gene expression by PCR, for example. This study aimed to evaluate stability and recommend reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in different tissues from male and female broiler quails. The stability of 10 housekeeping genes (GAPDH, RPL5, MRPS27, MRPS30, TFRC, HMBS, EEF1, LDHA, B2M, and UBC) by means Bestkeeper, NormFinder, GeNorm softwares with ΔCq method. The tissues analyzed were: heart, thigh muscle, brain, and spleen, considering that they are tissues commonly used in nutrigenomic, immunological, and poultry performance research. As expected, the reference genes tested showed varying stability depending on the tissue evaluated. According to the present study, the most stable housekeeping genes were MRPS30, TFRC, and HMBS in heart; MRPS30, EEF1, and HMBS in thigh muscle; B2M, GAPDH, and UBC in brain; and EEF1, LDHA, and HMBS in spleen. Therefore, it is recommended to be used as reference genes for gene expression studies of male and female quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Macário
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - C S Nascimento
- Núcleo de Graduação em Ciências Agrárias e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Nossa Senhora da Glória, Brazil
| | - F C B Sousa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Bom Jesus, Brazil
| | - I R S Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - A P D Vesco
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - L T Barbosa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - K R S Sousa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Chapadinha, Brazil
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Santana TP, Gasparino E, de Sousa FCB, Khatlab AS, Zancanela V, Brito CO, Barbosa LT, Fernandes RPM, Del Vesco AP. Effects of free and dipeptide forms of methionine supplementation on oxidative metabolism of broilers under high temperature. Animal 2021; 15:100173. [PMID: 33610520 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that methionine supplementation could help to attenuate the effects of heat stress on the metabolism of broiler chickens. Here we investigated for the first time the effects of methionine supplementation in the form of DL-methionyl-DL-methionine on broilers subjected to heat stress during the growth phase. Broilers were divided into two groups; one group was reared under thermoneutral conditions and the other under continuous heat stress (30 ± 1 °C, 60% relative humidity). Both groups were subdivided into three dietary treatments: a methionine-deficient (MD) diet, a diet supplemented with free methionine (DL-M), and a diet supplemented with methionine dipeptide (DL-MM). Broilers raised under chronic heat stress had lower feed intake and weight gain than broilers raised under thermoneutral conditions (P < 0.05). There were no differences in animal performance between methionine-supplemented diets (DL-M and DL-MM). Heat-stressed birds had significantly higher heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio than thermoneutral birds. Under heat stress, broilers fed DL-M and DL-MM diets had lower H/L ratio than birds fed the MD diet. Higher concentrations of carbonylated proteins and lower concentration of reduced glutathione were observed in broilers raised under heat stress. In comparing heat-stressed broilers, we found that birds fed the DL-M diet had lower concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and carbonylated proteins than those fed the MD diet (P < 0.05). Higher expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione synthetase (GSS) genes was observed in heat-stressed broilers (P < 0.05). Under heat stress, the MD diet increased GPX expression compared with other diets. Under thermoneutral conditions, the DL-M diet resulted in the highest GSS expression. There was a negative correlation between DNA methylation and GPX and GSS expression. Our results showed that supplementation of broiler diets with free methionine or methionine dipeptide may help attenuate the effects of heat stress through enhanced activation of genes related to the glutathione antioxidant system. Methionine effects were found for gene regulation, gene expression, and post-translational processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Santana
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon, s/n, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - E Gasparino
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - F C B de Sousa
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A S Khatlab
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - V Zancanela
- Center of Graduation in Animal Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Rua Engenheiro Jorge Neto, km 3, Nossa Senhora da Glória, Sergipe 49680-000, Brazil
| | - C O Brito
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon, s/n, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - L T Barbosa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon, s/n, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - R P M Fernandes
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon, s/n, São Cristóvão, 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - A P Del Vesco
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon, s/n, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil.
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