|
1
|
Archary D, Seaton KE, Passmore JS, Werner L, Deal A, Dunphy LJ, Arnold KB, Yates NL, Lauffenburger DA, Bergin P, Liebenberg LJ, Samsunder N, Mureithi MW, Altfeld M, Garrett N, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Morris L, Tomaras GD. Distinct genital tract HIV-specific antibody profiles associated with tenofovir gel. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:834. [PMID: 27116933 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
|
2
|
Archary D, Seaton KE, Passmore JS, Werner L, Deal A, Dunphy LJ, Arnold KB, Yates NL, Lauffenburger DA, Bergin P, Liebenberg LJ, Samsunder N, Mureithi MW, Altfeld M, Garrett N, Karim QA, Karim SSA, Morris L, Tomaras GD. Distinct genital tract HIV-specific antibody profiles associated with tenofovir gel. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:821-833. [PMID: 26813340 PMCID: PMC4848129 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of topical antiretrovirals for pre-exposure prophylaxis on humoral responses following HIV infection is unknown. Using a binding antibody multiplex assay, we investigated HIV-specific IgG and IgA responses to envelope glycoproteins, p24 Gag and p66, in the genital tract (GT) and plasma following HIV acquisition in women assigned to tenofovir gel (n=24) and placebo gel (n=24) in the CAPRISA 004 microbicide trial to assess if this topical antiretroviral had an impact on mucosal and systemic antibody responses. Linear mixed effect modeling and partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to identify multivariate antibody signatures associated with tenofovir use. There were significantly higher response rates to gp120 Env (P=0.03), p24 (P=0.002), and p66 (P=0.009) in plasma and GT in women assigned to tenofovir than placebo gel at multiple time points post infection. Notably, p66 IgA titers in the GT and plasma were significantly higher in the tenofovir compared with the placebo arm (P<0.05). Plasma titers for 9 of the 10 HIV-IgG specificities predicted GT levels. Taken together, these data suggest that humoral immune responses are increased in blood and GT of individuals who acquire HIV infection in the presence of tenofovir gel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Archary
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - KE Seaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - JS Passmore
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - L Werner
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - A Deal
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - LJ Dunphy
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - KB Arnold
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - NL Yates
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - DA Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P Bergin
- Imperial College, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Core Immune Monitoring Laboratory, London, UK
| | - LJ Liebenberg
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - N Samsunder
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - MW Mureithi
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M Altfeld
- Heinrich-Pette Institut, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Q Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - SS Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Morris
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - GD Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Departments of Surgery, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lemierre's syndrome is a potentially fatal condition characterised by spread of an oropharyngeal infection, resulting in thrombosis of the internal jugular vein. This leads to septicaemia and possible metastatic abscesses. CASE PRESENTATION We discuss the case of a previously healthy 17-year-old male who developed Lemierre's syndrome following dental sepsis. He presented with bilateral submandibular and submental swelling extending into the neck and chest. His management included a tracheostomy; incision and drainage of the abscesses; drainage of a pleural effusion and prolonged anticoagulant therapy. CONCLUSION The incidence of Lemierre's disease appears to be increasing and early diagnosis is essential. A high index of suspicion is needed in cases of oropharyngeal infection followed by fever, tender swelling of the neck and dysphagia - especially in young patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Boyd
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Monklands Hospital, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|