1
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Pompeo MM, Kelly SM, St-Jean F, Bass TM, Dalton DM, Zell D, Han C, Sirois LE, Gosselin F. Umpolung Flow Chemistry for the Synthesis of a 3-Oxo-3 H-spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine] Building Block. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38767619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
An efficient and scalable route to tert-butyl 3-oxo-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate, a central prochiral intermediate in the synthesis of SHP2 inhibitor GDC-1971 (migoprotafib), was achieved. Preparation of the title compound from readily available 2-fluorobenzaldehyde included formation of a modified Katritzky benzotriazole hemiaminal, which, upon deprotonation by n-butyllithium, participated in umpolung reactivity via 1,2-addition to tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (N-Boc-4-piperidone). Most notably, this reaction was developed as a robust plug-flow process that could be executed on multiple kilograms without the need for pilot-scale reaction vessels operating at low cryogenic temperatures. Treatment of the resulting tetrahedral intermediate with oxalic acid resulted in collapse to the corresponding 4-(2-fluorobenzoyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine, which was isolated as a solid via crystallization. The synthesis concluded with an optimized intramolecular SNAr reaction and final crystallization to generate tert-butyl 3-oxo-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate as a stable, high-quality intermediate suitable for further functionalization toward GDC-1971.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Pompeo
- Department of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sean M Kelly
- Department of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Frédéric St-Jean
- Department of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas M Bass
- Department of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Derek M Dalton
- Department of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniel Zell
- Department of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chong Han
- Department of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lauren E Sirois
- Department of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Synthetic Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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2
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Xu J, Lim NK, Timmerman JC, Shen J, Clagg K, Orcel U, Bigler R, Trachsel E, Meier R, White NA, Burkhard JA, Sirois LE, Tian Q, Angelaud R, Bachmann S, Zhang H, Gosselin F. Second-Generation Atroposelective Synthesis of KRAS G12C Covalent Inhibitor GDC-6036. Org Lett 2023; 25:3417-3422. [PMID: 37162129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A chromatography-free asymmetric synthesis of GDC-6036 (1) was achieved via a highly atroposelective Negishi coupling of aminopyridine 5 and quinazoline 6b catalyzed by 0.5 mol % [Pd(cin)Cl]2 and 1 mol % (R,R)-Chiraphite to afford the key intermediate (Ra)-3. An alkoxylation of (Ra)-3 with (S)-N-methylprolinol (4) and a global deprotection generates the penultimate heterobiaryl intermediate 2. A controlled acrylamide installation by stepwise acylation/sulfone elimination and final adipate salt formation and crystallization delivered high-purity GDC-6036 (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ngiap-Kie Lim
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jacob C Timmerman
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeff Shen
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kyle Clagg
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ugo Orcel
- Department of Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Bigler
- Department of Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Trachsel
- Department of Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Roland Meier
- Department of Solid State Sciences, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas A White
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Johannes A Burkhard
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lauren E Sirois
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Qingping Tian
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Remy Angelaud
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Stephan Bachmann
- Department of Process Chemistry and Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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3
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Xu J, Grosslight S, Mack KA, Nguyen SC, Clagg K, Lim NK, Timmerman JC, Shen J, White NA, Sirois LE, Han C, Zhang H, Sigman MS, Gosselin F. Atroposelective Negishi Coupling Optimization Guided by Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis: Asymmetric Synthesis of KRAS G12C Covalent Inhibitor GDC-6036. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20955-20963. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Samantha Grosslight
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kyle A. Mack
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sierra C. Nguyen
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kyle Clagg
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ngiap-Kie Lim
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jacob C. Timmerman
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeff Shen
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicholas A. White
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lauren E. Sirois
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chong Han
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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4
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St-Jean F, Angelaud R, Bachmann S, Carrera DE, Remarchuk T, Piechowicz KA, Niedermann K, Iding H, Meier R, Hou H, Sirois LE, Xu J, Olbrich M, Rege P, Guillemot-Plass M, Gosselin F. Stereoselective Synthesis of the IDO Inhibitor Navoximod. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4955-4960. [PMID: 35317556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient asymmetric synthesis of the IDO inhibitor navoximod, featuring the stereoselective installation of two relative and two absolute stereocenters from an advanced racemic intermediate, is described. The stereocenters were set via a crystallization-induced dynamic resolution along with two selective ketone reductions: one via a biocatalytic ketoreductase transformation and one via substrate-controlled hydride delivery from LiAlH(Ot-Bu)3. Following this strategy, navoximod was synthesized in 10 steps from 2-fluorobenzaldehyde and isolated in 23% overall yield with 99.7% ee and high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric St-Jean
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rémy Angelaud
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Stephan Bachmann
- Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstraße 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diane E Carrera
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Travis Remarchuk
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katarzyna A Piechowicz
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katrin Niedermann
- Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstraße 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Iding
- Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstraße 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Meier
- Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstraße 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Haiyun Hou
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lauren E Sirois
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Martin Olbrich
- Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstraße 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pankaj Rege
- Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstraße 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maud Guillemot-Plass
- Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstraße 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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5
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Zell D, Kingston C, Jermaks J, Smith SR, Seeger N, Wassmer J, Sirois LE, Han C, Zhang H, Sigman MS, Gosselin F. Stereoconvergent and -divergent Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes by Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19078-19090. [PMID: 34735129 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of a method to diastereoselectively access tetrasubstituted alkenes via nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings of enol tosylates and boronic acid esters. Either diastereomeric product was selectively accessed from a mixture of enol tosylate starting material diastereomers in a convergent reaction by judicious choice of the ligand and reaction conditions. A similar protocol also enabled a divergent synthesis of each product isomer from diastereomerically pure enol tosylates. Notably, high-throughput optimization of the monophosphine ligands was guided by chemical space analysis of the kraken library to ensure a diverse selection of ligands was examined. Stereoelectronic analysis of the results provided insight into the requirements for reactive and selective ligands in this transformation. The synthetic utility of the optimized catalytic system was then probed in the stereoselective synthesis of various tetrasubstituted alkenes, with yields up to 94% and diastereomeric ratios up to 99:1 Z/E and 93:7 E/Z observed. Moreover, a detailed computational analysis and experimental mechanistic studies provided key insights into the nature of the underlying isomerization process impacting selectivity in the cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zell
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cian Kingston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Janis Jermaks
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sleight R Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Natalie Seeger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jana Wassmer
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lauren E Sirois
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chong Han
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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6
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Goyon A, Masui C, Sirois LE, Han C, Yehl P, Gosselin F, Zhang K. Achiral-Chiral Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Platform to Support Automated High-Throughput Experimentation in the Field of Drug Development. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15187-15193. [PMID: 33142065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Automated high-throughput experimentation (HTE) is a powerful tool for scientists to explore and optimize chemical transformations by simultaneously screening yield, stereoselectivity, and impurity profiles. To analyze the HTE samples, high-throughput analysis (HTA) platforms must be fast, accurate, generic, and specific at the same time. A large amount of high-quality data is critical for the success of machine learning models in the era of big data. Conventional chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) HTE methods are hampered by compound co-eluting, possible ion suppression, and limited chiral column lifetime in the presence of crude reaction mixtures or complex sample matrices. To overcome these limitations, a generic and fast achiral-chiral heart-cutting two-dimensional (2D)-LC method has been developed to determine both the yield and stereoselectivity of chemical transformations within a 10 min run time. Successful implementation of the 2D-LC HTA platform in a routine drug development environment was achieved for real-world project support, with the analysis so far of over 2000 reaction mixtures prepared in the 96-well plate format. Excellent performance of the method was demonstrated by relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 0.83% for the 1D and 2D retention times, and determination coefficients higher than 0.99. The presented HTA 2D-LC platform has had a significant impact on drug development by analyzing the HTE samples rapidly with unambiguous peak tracking and providing a robust approach for accurately generating a large amount of high-quality data in a short time.
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7
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White NA, Clagg K, Sirois LE, Lim NK, Nack WA, O’Shea PD, Zhang H, Gosselin F. Practical Synthesis of a Stable Precursor for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Agent 18F-GTP1. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. White
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kyle Clagg
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lauren E. Sirois
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ngiap-Kie Lim
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - William A. Nack
- Exemplify BioPharma, 3000 Eastpark Boulevard, Suite 500-A, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, United States
| | - Paul D. O’Shea
- Exemplify BioPharma, 3000 Eastpark Boulevard, Suite 500-A, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, United States
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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8
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Sirois LE, Lao D, Xu J, Angelaud R, Tso J, Scott B, Chakravarty P, Malhotra S, Gosselin F. Process Development Overcomes a Challenging Pd-Catalyzed C–N Coupling for the Synthesis of RORc Inhibitor GDC-0022. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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White NA, Clagg K, Sirois LE, Mack KA, Al-Sayah MA, Nack WA, O'Shea PD, Zhang H, Gosselin F. Phosphoramidates as Steering Elements for Highly Selective Access to Complementary Imidazo[1,2- a]pyrimidine Isomers. Org Lett 2019; 21:9527-9531. [PMID: 31738563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report that selective N-phosphorylation of aminoimidazoles results in a key steering element that controls isomeric selectivity in the condensation of β-ethoxy acrylamides and aminoimidazoles to furnish imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines. We identified conditions that provide highly selective (99:1) phosphorylation at the endo- or exocyclic nitrogen. Either the 2-amino or 4-amino isomer of the (benzo)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine products could be isolated in 64-95% yield. Mass spectrometric analysis and computational studies give insight into the mechanism of this exceptionally selective transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A White
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Kyle Clagg
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Lauren E Sirois
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Kyle A Mack
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Mohammad A Al-Sayah
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - William A Nack
- Exemplify BioPharma , 3000 Eastpark Boulevard, Suite 500-A , Cranbury , New Jersey 08512 , United States
| | - Paul D O'Shea
- Exemplify BioPharma , 3000 Eastpark Boulevard, Suite 500-A , Cranbury , New Jersey 08512 , United States
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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10
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Zhao E, St-Jean F, Robinson SJ, Sirois LE, Pellett J, Al-Sayah MA. Identification of an acetonitrile addition impurity formed during peptide disulfide bond reduction using dithiothreitol and Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:518-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sirois LE, Zhao MM, Lim NK, Bednarz MS, Harrison BA, Wu W. Process Development for a Locally Acting SGLT1 Inhibitor, LX2761, Utilizing sp3–sp2 Suzuki Coupling of a Benzyl Carbonate. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Sirois
- Chemical Development, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 110 Allen Road, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920, United States
| | - Matthew M. Zhao
- Chemical Development, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 110 Allen Road, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920, United States
| | - Ngiap-Kie Lim
- Chemical Development, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 110 Allen Road, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920, United States
| | - Mark S. Bednarz
- Chemical Development, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 110 Allen Road, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920, United States
| | - Bryce A. Harrison
- Chemical Development, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 110 Allen Road, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920, United States
| | - Wenxue Wu
- Chemical Development, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 110 Allen Road, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920, United States
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12
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St-Jean F, Piechowicz KA, Sirois LE, Angelaud R, Gosselin F. Study of a Competing Hydrodefluorination Reaction During the Directed ortho-Lithiation/Borylation of 2-Fluorobenzaldehyde. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric St-Jean
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katarzyna A. Piechowicz
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lauren E. Sirois
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rémy Angelaud
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Sirois
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Remy Angelaud
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David Lao
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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14
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Wender PA, Axtman AD, Golden JE, Kee JM, Sirois LE, Quiroz RV, Stevens MC. Function through bio-inspired, synthesis-informed design: step-economical syntheses of designed kinase inhibitors†Dedicated to Max Malacria, a friend and scholar whose science and creative contributions to step-economical synthesis have inspired us all and moved the field closer to the ideal.‡Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Synthetic procedures and spectral data. See DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00228hClick here for additional data file. Org Chem Front 2014; 1:1166-1171. [PMID: 25632347 PMCID: PMC4304288 DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe here step-economical, function-oriented strategies towards the syntheses of potent kinase inhibitors inspired by the natural product staurosporine.
The human kinome comprises over 500 protein kinases. When mutated or over-expressed, many play critical roles in abnormal cellular functions associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurological disorders. Here we report a step-economical approach to designed kinase inhibitors inspired by the potent, but non-selective, natural product staurosporine, and synthetically enabled by a novel, complexity-increasing, serialized [5 + 2]/[4 + 2] cycloaddition strategy. This function-oriented synthesis approach rapidly affords tunable scaffolds, and produced a low nanomolar inhibitor of protein kinase C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Alison D Axtman
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Jennifer E Golden
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Jung-Min Kee
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Lauren E Sirois
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Ryan V Quiroz
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Matthew C Stevens
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
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Xu X, Liu P, Lesser A, Sirois LE, Wender PA, Houk KN. Ligand effects on rates and regioselectivities of Rh(I)-catalyzed (5 + 2) cycloadditions: a computational study of cyclooctadiene and dinaphthocyclooctatetraene as ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11012-25. [PMID: 22668243 DOI: 10.1021/ja3041724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The first theoretical study on the effects of ligands on the mechanism, reactivities, and regioselectivities of Rh(I)-catalyzed (5 + 2) cycloadditions of vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) and alkynes has been performed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Highly efficient and selective intermolecular (5 + 2) cycloadditions of VCPs and alkynes have been achieved recently using two novel rhodium catalysts, [Rh(dnCOT)](+)SbF(6)(-) and [Rh(COD)](+)SbF(6)(-), which provide superior reactivities and regioselectivities relative to that of the previously reported [Rh(CO)(2)Cl](2) catalyst. Computationally, the high reactivities of the dnCOT and COD ligands are attributed to the steric repulsions that destabilize the Rh-product complex, the catalyst resting state in the catalytic cycle. The regioselectivities of reactions with various alkynes and different Rh catalysts are investigated, and a predictive model is provided that describes substrate-substrate and ligand-substrate steric repulsions, electronic effects, and noncovalent π/π and C-H/π interactions. In the reactions with dnCOT or COD ligands, the first new C-C bond is formed proximal to the bulky substituent on the alkyne to avoid ligand-substrate steric repulsions. This regioselectivity is reversed either by employing the smaller [Rh(CO)(2)Cl](2) catalyst to diminish the ligand-substrate repulsions or by using aryl alkynes, for which the ligand-substrate interactions become stabilizing due to π/π and C-H/π dispersion interactions. Electron-withdrawing groups on the alkyne prefer to be proximal to the first new C-C bond to maximize metal-substrate back-bonding interactions. These steric, electronic, and dispersion effects can all be utilized in designing new ligands to provide regiochemical control over product formation with high selectivities. The computational studies reveal the potential of employing the dnCOT family of ligands to achieve unique regiochemical control due to the steric influences and dispersion interactions associated with the rigid aryl substituents on the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
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16
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Wender PA, Lesser AB, Sirois LE. Rhodium dinaphthocyclooctatetraene complexes: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in [5+2] cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2736-40. [PMID: 22298411 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rh COT in the act: a Ni(0)-catalyzed [2+2+2+2] cycloaddition provides a high-yielding, scalable synthesis of the ligand dinaphtho[a,e]cyclooctatetraene (dnCOT). dnCOT complexation with Rh(I) gives [Rh(dnCOT)(MeCN)(2)]SbF(6), an excellent catalyst for [5+2] cycloadditions of vinylcyclopropanes and π-systems with impressive functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA 94305-5080, USA.
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17
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Wender PA, Lesser AB, Sirois LE. Rhodium Dinaphthocyclooctatetraene Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity in [5+2] Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu P, Sirois LE, Cheong PHY, Yu ZX, Hartung IV, Rieck H, Wender PA, Houk KN. Electronic and Steric Control of Regioselectivities in Rh(I)-Catalyzed (5 + 2) Cycloadditions: Experiment and Theory. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:10127-35. [PMID: 20586494 DOI: 10.1021/ja103253d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Lauren E. Sirois
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Ingo V. Hartung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Heiko Rieck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
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Wender PA, Sirois LE, Stemmler RT, Williams TJ. Highly Efficient, Facile, Room Temperature Intermolecular [5 + 2] Cycloadditions Catalyzed by Cationic Rhodium(I): One Step to Cycloheptenes and Their Libraries. Org Lett 2010; 12:1604-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100337m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Wender
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Lauren E. Sirois
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - René T. Stemmler
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Travis J. Williams
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
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Wender PA, Stemmler RT, Sirois LE. A Metal-Catalyzed Intermolecular [5+2] Cycloaddition/Nazarov Cyclization Sequence and Cascade. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2532-3. [PMID: 20141136 DOI: 10.1021/ja910696x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Wender
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - René T. Stemmler
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Lauren E. Sirois
- Departments of Chemistry and of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
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Abstract
A novel Pd/sulfoxide-catalyzed macrolactonization reaction of linear omega-alkenoic acids is reported that proceeds via serial ligand-catalyzed allylic C-H oxidation. The scope of this macrolactonization appears to be very broad. Aryl, alkyl, and (Z)-alpha,beta-unsaturated acids are all competent nucleophiles for this reaction, with the latter undergoing macrolactonization with no olefin isomerization. High functional group compatibility is observed that includes biologically and medicinally relevant functionality such as ortho-substituted salicylate esters, bis(indoyl)maleimides, and peptides. Evidence is provided to support the hypothesis that macrolactonization proceeds via inner-sphere functionalization from a templated pi-allylPd carboxylate intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J. Fraunhoffer
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Narayanasamy Prabagaran
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | | | - M. Christina White
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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