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Schmidt H, Kjaergaard J, Hassager C, Mølstrøm S, Grand J, Borregaard B, Roelsgaard Obling LE, Venø S, Sarkisian L, Mamaev D, Jensen LO, Nyholm B, Høfsten DE, Josiassen J, Thomsen JH, Thune JJ, Lindholm MG, Stengaard Meyer MA, Winther-Jensen M, Sørensen M, Frydland M, Beske RP, Frikke-Schmidt R, Wiberg S, Boesgaard S, Lind Jørgensen V, Møller JE. Oxygen Targets in Comatose Survivors of Cardiac Arrest. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:1467-1476. [PMID: 36027567 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2208686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The appropriate oxygenation target for mechanical ventilation in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is unknown. METHODS In this randomized trial with a 2-by-2 factorial design, we randomly assigned comatose adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a 1:1 ratio to either a restrictive oxygen target of a partial pressure of arterial oxygen (Pao2) of 9 to 10 kPa (68 to 75 mm Hg) or a liberal oxygen target of a Pao2 of 13 to 14 kPa (98 to 105 mm Hg); patients were also assigned to one of two blood-pressure targets (reported separately). The primary outcome was a composite of death from any cause or hospital discharge with severe disability or coma (Cerebral Performance Category [CPC] of 3 or 4; categories range from 1 to 5, with higher values indicating more severe disability), whichever occurred first within 90 days after randomization. Secondary outcomes were neuron-specific enolase levels at 48 hours, death from any cause, the score on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (ranging from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating better cognitive ability), the score on the modified Rankin scale (ranging from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater disability), and the CPC at 90 days. RESULTS A total of 789 patients underwent randomization. A primary-outcome event occurred in 126 of 394 patients (32.0%) in the restrictive-target group and in 134 of 395 patients (33.9%) in the liberal-target group (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.75 to 1.21; P = 0.69). At 90 days, death had occurred in 113 patients (28.7%) in the restrictive-target group and in 123 (31.1%) in the liberal-target group. On the CPC, the median category was 1 in the two groups; on the modified Rankin scale, the median score was 2 in the restrictive-target group and 1 in the liberal-target group; and on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the median score was 27 in the two groups. At 48 hours, the median neuron-specific enolase level was 17 μg per liter in the restrictive-target group and 18 μg per liter in the liberal-target group. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Targeting of a restrictive or liberal oxygenation strategy in comatose patients after resuscitation for cardiac arrest resulted in a similar incidence of death or severe disability or coma. (Funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation; BOX ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03141099.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Schmidt
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Jesper Kjaergaard
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Christian Hassager
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Simon Mølstrøm
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Johannes Grand
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Britt Borregaard
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Laust E Roelsgaard Obling
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Søren Venø
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Laura Sarkisian
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Dmitry Mamaev
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Lisette O Jensen
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Benjamin Nyholm
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Dan E Høfsten
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Jakob Josiassen
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Jakob H Thomsen
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Jens J Thune
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Matias G Lindholm
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Martin A Stengaard Meyer
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Matilde Winther-Jensen
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Marc Sørensen
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Martin Frydland
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Rasmus P Beske
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Sebastian Wiberg
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Søren Boesgaard
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Vibeke Lind Jørgensen
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
| | - Jacob E Møller
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H.S., S.M., S.V., D.M.) and Cardiology (B.B., L.S., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense University Hospital, and the Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (H.S., C.H., B.B., L.O.J., J.E.M.), Odense, and the Departments of Cardiology (J.K., C.H., J.G., L.E.R.O., B.N., D.E.H., J.J., J.H.T., M.G.L., M.A.S.M., M.F., M.W.-J., R.P.B., R.F.-S., S.W., S.B., J.E.M.) and Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology (M.S., V.L.J.), the Heart Center, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center of Diagnostic Investigation (R.F.-S.), Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen (J.K., C.H., R.F.-S.), and the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg (J.J.T.), Copenhagen - all in Denmark
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