Colorectal Neoplasia Differentially Expressed (CRNDE), a Novel Gene with Elevated Expression in Colorectal Adenomas and Adenocarcinomas.
Genes Cancer 2012;
2:829-40. [PMID:
22393467 DOI:
10.1177/1947601911431081]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An uncharacterized gene locus (Chr16:hCG_1815491), now named colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (gene symbol CRNDE), is activated early in colorectal neoplasia. The locus is unrelated to any known protein-coding gene. Microarray analysis of 454 tissue specimens (discovery) and 68 previously untested specimens (validation) showed elevated expression of CRNDE in >90% of colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. These findings were confirmed and extended by exon microarray studies and RT-PCR assays. CRNDE transcription start sites were identified in CaCo2 and HCT116 cells by 5'-RACE. The major transcript isoforms in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and colorectal tissue are CRNDE-a, -b, -d, -e, -f, -h, and -j. Except for CRNDE-d, the known CRNDE splice variants are upregulated in neoplastic colorectal tissue; expression levels for CRNDE-h alone demonstrate a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 96% for adenoma versus normal tissue. A quantitative RT-PCR assay measuring CRNDE-h RNA levels in plasma was (with a threshold of 2(-ΔCt) = 2.8) positive for 13 of 15 CRC patients (87%) but only 1 of 15 healthy individuals (7%). We conclude that individual CRNDE transcripts show promise as tissue and plasma biomarkers, potentially exhibiting high sensitivity and specificity for colorectal adenomas and cancers.
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