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Wang LG, Montaño AR, Masillati AM, Jones JA, Barth CW, Combs JR, Kumarapeli SU, Shams NA, van den Berg NS, Antaris AL, Galvis SN, McDowall I, Rizvi SZH, Alani AWG, Sorger JM, Gibbs SL. Nerve Visualization using Phenoxazine-Based Near-Infrared Fluorophores to Guide Prostatectomy. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2304724. [PMID: 37653576 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is poised to revolutionize surgical medicine through near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores for tissue- and disease-specific contrast. Clinical open and laparoscopic FGS vision systems operate nearly exclusively at NIR wavelengths. However, tissue-specific NIR contrast agents compatible with clinically available imaging systems are lacking, leaving nerve tissue identification during prostatectomy a persistent challenge. Here, it is shown that combining drug-like molecular design concepts and fluorophore chemistry enabled the production of a library of NIR phenoxazine-based fluorophores for intraoperative nerve-specific imaging. The lead candidate readily delineated prostatic nerves in the canine and iliac plexus in the swine using the clinical da Vinci Surgical System that has been popularized for minimally invasive prostatectomy procedures. These results demonstrate the feasibility of molecular engineering of NIR nerve-binding fluorophores for ready integration into the existing surgical workflow, paving the path for clinical translation to reduce morbidity from nerve injury for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei G Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Antonio R Montaño
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Anas M Masillati
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Jones
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Connor W Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Jason R Combs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | | | - Nourhan A Shams
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | | | | | - S N Galvis
- Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, 94086, USA
| | | | - Syed Zaki Husain Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Adam W G Alani
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | | | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
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2
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Wang LG, Wang YS, Zhu CM, Qin MY, Wei JY, Jiang Y. Deciphering the in situ phonon evolution of potassium sodium niobate under varying temperature and electric fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7083-7089. [PMID: 38345644 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05703h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The application of in situ Raman spectroscopy under multiple fields is widely recognized as an effective approach for investigating the physical mechanism of phase transitions in ferroelectrics, because it can directly provide the detailed information about the vibration evolution of various phonon modes within lattices, such as bond stretching and rotation. Based on this technique, our work aims to thoroughly probe the dynamics of phase transitions in traditional ferroelectric potassium sodium niobate [(K,Na)NbO3, KNN] under external fields, by analyzing the in situ dependence of wavenumber and intensity of phonon modes under the varying temperature and electric fields. The results indicate that different vibration modes respectively relating to the A-site ions and NbO6 octahedra in KNN exhibit distinct and abrupt distortion behavior during the orthorhombic-tetragonal and tetragonal-cubic transitions. Moreover, a certain degree of distortion can still be observed in the cubic phase above the Curie temperature. With an applied electric field, KNN presents quite different electrostriction in orthorhombic and tetragonal phases. Particularly, more than one kind of phonon mode undergoes non-linear variations under the varying electric fields, accompanied by the mutations at some fixed fields. These findings will be conducive to further understanding the phase transition mechanism in KNN from the perspective of phonon evolution. Simultaneously, it will also give crucial guidance for the design and development of KNN-based ferroelectrics as well as functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China.
| | - Y S Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - C M Zhu
- School of Physics and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - M Y Qin
- School of Physics and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - J Y Wei
- School of Physics and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Y Jiang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Wang LG, Gibbs SL. Improving precision surgery: A review of current intraoperative nerve tissue fluorescence imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102361. [PMID: 37454623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Iatrogenic nerve injury represents one of the most feared surgical complications and remains a major morbidity across many surgical specialties. Currently, no clinically approved technique can directly enhance intraoperative nerve visualization, where intraoperative nerve identification continues to challenge even experienced surgeons. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) has been successfully integrated into clinical medicine to improve safety and efficacy in the surgical arena. A number of tissue- and disease-specific contrast agents are in the clinical translation pipeline for future FGS integration. Within this context, a diverse repertoire of fluorescent tracers have been developed to improve surgeons' intraoperative vision. This review aims to convey the recent developments for nerve-specific FGS and its potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei G Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Ave, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
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Bateman LM, Hebert KA, Nunziata JA, Streeter SS, Barth CW, Wang LG, Gibbs SL, Henderson ER. Preclinical evaluation of molecularly targeted fluorescent probes in perfused amputated human limbs. J Biomed Opt 2023; 28:082802. [PMID: 36619496 PMCID: PMC9813435 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.8.082802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This first-in-kind, perfused, and amputated human limb model allows for the collection of human data in preclinical selection of lead fluorescent agents. The model facilitates more accurate selection and testing of fluorophores with human-specific physiology, such as differential uptake and signal in fat between animal and human models with zero risk to human patients. Preclinical testing using this approach may also allow for the determination of tissue toxicity, clearance time of fluorophores, and the production of harmful metabolites. AIM This study was conducted to determine the fluorescence intensity values and tissue specificity of a preclinical, nerve tissue targeted fluorophore, as well as the capacity of this first-in-kind model to be used for lead fluorescent agent selection in the future. APPROACH Freshly amputated human limbs were perfused for 30 min prior to in situ and ex vivo imaging of nerves with both open-field and closed-field commercial fluorescence imaging systems. RESULTS In situ, open-field imaging demonstrated a signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of 4.7 when comparing the nerve with adjacent muscle tissue. Closed-field imaging demonstrated an SBR of 3.8 when the nerve was compared with adipose tissue and 4.8 when the nerve was compared with muscle. CONCLUSIONS This model demonstrates an opportunity for preclinical testing, evaluation, and selection of fluorophores for use in clinical trials as well as an opportunity to study peripheral pathologies in a controlled environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan M. Bateman
- Dartmouth Health, Department of Orthopaedics, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Kendra A. Hebert
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Jenna A. Nunziata
- Dartmouth Health, Heart and Vascular Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Samuel S. Streeter
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Connor W. Barth
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Lei G. Wang
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Eric R. Henderson
- Dartmouth Health, Department of Orthopaedics, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Dartmouth College, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
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Barth C, Rizvi SZH, Masillati AM, Chackraborty S, Wang LG, Montaño AR, Szafran DA, Greer WS, van den Berg N, Sorger J, Rao DA, Alani AW, Gibbs SL. Nerve-Sparing Gynecologic Surgery Enabled by A Near-Infrared Nerve-Specific Fluorophore Using Existing Clinical Fluorescence Imaging Systems. Small 2023:e2300011. [PMID: 37452434 PMCID: PMC11042870 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients undergoing gynecological procedures suffer from lasting side effects due to intraoperative nerve damage. Small, delicate nerves with complex and nonuniform branching patterns in the female pelvic neuroanatomy make nerve-sparing efforts during standard gynecological procedures such as hysterectomy, cystectomy, and colorectal cancer resection difficult, and thus many patients are left with incontinence and sexual dysfunction. Herein, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nerve-specific contrast agent, LGW08-35, that is spectrally compatible with clinical fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) systems is formulated and characterized for rapid implementation for nerve-sparing gynecologic surgeries. The toxicology, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of micelle formulated LGW08-35 are examined, enabling the determination of the optimal imaging doses and time points, blood and tissue uptake parameters, and maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Application of the formulated fluorophore to imaging of female rat and swine pelvic neuroanatomy validates the continued clinical translation and use for real-time identification of important nerves such as the femoral, sciatic, lumbar, iliac, and hypogastric nerves. Further development of LGW08-35 for clinical use will unlock a valuable tool for surgeons in direct visualization of important nerves and contribute to the ongoing characterization of the female pelvic neuroanatomy to eliminate the debilitating side effects of nerve damage during gynecological procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Syed Zaki Husain Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201
| | - Anas M. Masillati
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Samrat Chackraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201
| | - Lei G. Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Antonio R. Montaño
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Dani A. Szafran
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - William S. Greer
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | | | | | - Deepa A. Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR 97123
| | - Adam W.G. Alani
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201
| | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
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6
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Wang LG, Montaño AR, Combs JR, McMahon NP, Solanki A, Gomes MM, Tao K, Bisson WH, Szafran DA, Samkoe KS, Tichauer KM, Gibbs SL. OregonFluor enables quantitative intracellular paired agent imaging to assess drug target availability in live cells and tissues. Nat Chem 2023; 15:729-739. [PMID: 36997700 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Non-destructive fluorophore diffusion across cell membranes to provide an unbiased fluorescence intensity readout is critical for quantitative imaging applications in live cells and tissues. Commercially available small-molecule fluorophores have been engineered for biological compatibility, imparting high water solubility by modifying rhodamine and cyanine dye scaffolds with multiple sulfonate groups. The resulting net negative charge, however, often renders these fluorophores cell-membrane-impermeant. Here we report the design and development of our biologically compatible, water-soluble and cell-membrane-permeable fluorophores, termed OregonFluor (ORFluor). By adapting previously established ratiometric imaging methodology using bio-affinity agents, it is now possible to use small-molecule ORFluor-labelled therapeutic inhibitors to quantitatively visualize their intracellular distribution and protein target-specific binding, providing a chemical toolkit for quantifying drug target availability in live cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei G Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Antonio R Montaño
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jason R Combs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nathan P McMahon
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Allison Solanki
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michelle M Gomes
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kai Tao
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - William H Bisson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dani A Szafran
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kimberley S Samkoe
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kenneth M Tichauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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7
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Wang LG, Montaño AR, Combs JR, McMahon NP, Solanki A, Gomes MM, Tao K, Bisson WH, Szafran DA, Samkoe KS, Tichauer KM, Gibbs SL. Publisher Correction: OregonFluor enables quantitative intracellular paired agent imaging to assess drug target availability in live cells and tissues. Nat Chem 2023; 15:740. [PMID: 37117771 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei G Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Antonio R Montaño
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jason R Combs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nathan P McMahon
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Allison Solanki
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michelle M Gomes
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kai Tao
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - William H Bisson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dani A Szafran
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kimberley S Samkoe
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kenneth M Tichauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Bateman LM, Hebert KA, Streeter SS, Nunziata JA, Barth CW, Wang LG, Gibbs SL, Henderson ER. Use of Freshly Amputated Human Limbs for Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Molecular-Targeted Fluorescent Probes. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2023; 12361:1236109. [PMID: 37009433 PMCID: PMC10065840 DOI: 10.1117/12.2650356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
We have co-developed a first-in-kind model of fluorophore testing in freshly amputated human limbs. Ex vivo human tissue provides a unique opportunity for the testing of pre-clinical fluorescent agents, collection of imaging data, and histopathologic examination in human tissue prior to performing in vivo experiments. Existing pre-clinical fluorescent agent studies rely primarily on animal models, which do not directly predict fluorophore performance in humans and can result in wasted resources and time if an agent proves ineffective in early human trials. Because fluorophores have no desired therapeutic effect, their clinical utility is based solely on their safety and ability to highlight tissues of interest. Advancing to human trials even via the FDA's phase 0/microdose pathway still requires substantial resources, single-species pharmacokinetic testing, and toxicity testing. In a recently concluded study using amputated human lower limbs, we were able to test successfully a nerve-specific fluorophore in pre-clinical development. This study used systemic administration via vascular cannulization and a cardiac perfusion pump. We envision that this model may assist with early lead agent testing selection for fluorophores with various targets and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan M Bateman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Kendra A Hebert
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Samuel S Streeter
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Jenna A Nunziata
- Heart and Vascular Center, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Connor W Barth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Lei G Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Eric R Henderson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
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9
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Wang LD, Li X, Song XK, Zhao FY, Zhou RH, Xu ZC, Liu AL, Li JL, Li XZ, Wang LG, Zhang FH, Zhu XM, Li WX, Zhao GZ, Guo WW, Gao XM, Li LX, Wan JW, Ku QX, Xu FG, Zhu AF, Ji HX, Li YL, Ren SL, Zhou PN, Chen QD, Bao SG, Gao HJ, Yang JC, Wei WM, Mao ZZ, Han ZW, Chang YF, Zhou XN, Han WL, Han LL, Lei ZM, Fan R, Wang YZ, Yang JJ, Ji Y, Chen ZJ, Li YF, Hu L, Sun YJ, Chen GL, Bai D, You D. [Clinical characteristics of 272 437 patients with different histopathological subtypes of primary esophageal malignant tumors]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2022; 61:1023-1030. [PMID: 36008295 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20210929-00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To characterize the histopathological subtypes and their clinicopathological parameters of gender and onset age by common, rare and sparse primary esophageal malignant tumors (PEMT). Methods: A total of 272 437 patients with PEMT were enrolled in this study, and all of the patients were received radical surgery. The clinicopathological information of the patients was obtained from the database established by the State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment from September 1973 to December 2020, which included the clinical treatment, pathological diagnosis and follow-up information of esophagus and gastric cardia cancers. All patients were diagnosed and classified by the criteria of esophageal tumor histopathological diagnosis and classification (2019) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The esophageal tumors, which were not included in the WHO classification, were analyzed separately according to the postoperative pathological diagnosis. The χ2 test was performed by the SPSS 25.0 software on count data, and the test standard α=0.05. Results: A total of 32 histopathological types were identified in the enrolled PEMT patients, of which 10 subtypes were not included in the WHO classification. According to the frequency, PEMT were divided into common (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ESCC, accounting for 97.1%), rare (esophageal adenocarcinoma, EAC, accounting for 2.3%) and sparse (mainly esophageal small cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, etc., accounting for 0.6%). All the common, rare, and sparse types occurred predominantly in male patients, and the gender difference of rare type was most significant (EAC, male∶ female, 2.67∶1), followed with common type (ESCC, male∶ female, 1.78∶1) and sparse type (male∶ female, 1.71∶1). The common type (ESCC) mainly occurred in the middle thoracic segment (65.2%), while the rare type (EAC) mainly occurred in the lower thoracic segment (56.8%). Among the sparse type, malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma were both predominantly located in the lower thoracic segment (51.7%, 66.7%), and the others were mainly in the middle thoracic segment. Conclusion: ESCC is the most common type among the 32 histopathological types of PEMT, followed by EAC as the rare type, and esophageal small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma as the major sparse type, and all of which are mainly occur in male patients. The common type of ESCC mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment, while the rare type of EAC mainly in the lower thoracic segment. The mainly sparse type of malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma predominately occur in the lower thoracic segment, and the remaining sparse types mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - X K Song
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - F Y Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - R H Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Z C Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - A L Liu
- Department of Oncology, Linzhou Tumor Hospital, Linzhou 456550, China
| | - J L Li
- Department of Oncology, Linzhou Tumor Hospital, Linzhou 456550, China
| | - X Z Li
- Department of Pathology, Linzhou Esophageal Cancer Hospital, Linzhou 456592, China
| | - L G Wang
- Department of Oncology, Linzhou People's Hospital, Linzhou 456550, China
| | - F H Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - X M Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - W X Li
- Department of Pathology, Cixian People's Hospital, Handan 056599, China
| | - G Z Zhao
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medicine University, Xinxiang 453100, China
| | - W W Guo
- Department of Oncology, Linzhou Tumor Hospital, Linzhou 456550, China
| | - X M Gao
- Department of Oncology, Linzhou People's Hospital, Linzhou 456550, China
| | - L X Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory for Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - J W Wan
- Department of Oncology, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang 473009, China
| | - Q X Ku
- Department of Endoscopy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473000, China
| | - F G Xu
- Department of Oncology, the First People's Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang 473002, China
| | - A F Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - H X Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Y L Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - S L Ren
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - P N Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Henan People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Q D Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - S G Bao
- Department of Oncology, Anyang District Hospital, Anyang 455002, China
| | - H J Gao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - J C Yang
- Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang 455000, China
| | - W M Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Linzhou Esophageal Cancer Hospital, Linzhou 456592, China
| | - Z Z Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Z W Han
- Department of Pathology, Zhenping County People's Hospital, Nanyang 474250, China
| | - Y F Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - X N Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - W L Han
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - L L Han
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Z M Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - R Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Y Z Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - J J Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Y Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Z J Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Y F Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third People's Hospital of Huixian, Huixian 453600, China
| | - L Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Y J Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - G L Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - D Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Duo You
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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10
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Barth CW, Shah VM, Wang LG, Masillati AM, Al-Fatease A, Husain Rizvi SZ, Antaris AL, Sorger J, Rao DA, Alani AWG, Gibbs SL. A clinically relevant formulation for direct administration of nerve specific fluorophores to mitigate iatrogenic nerve injury. Biomaterials 2022; 284:121490. [PMID: 35395454 PMCID: PMC9064958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Iatrogenic nerve injury significantly affects surgical outcomes. Although intraoperative neuromonitoring is utilized, nerve identification remains challenging and the success of nerve sparing is strongly correlated with surgeon experience levels. Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) offers a potential solution for improved nerve sparing by providing direct visualization of nerve tissue intraoperatively. However, novel probes for FGS face a long regulatory pathway to achieve clinical translation. Herein, we report on the development of a clinically-viable, gel-based formulation that enables direct administration of nerve-specific probes for nerve sparing FGS applications, facilitating clinical translation via the exploratory investigational new drug (eIND) guidance. The developed formulation possesses unique gelling characteristics, allowing it to be easily spread as a liquid followed by rapid gelling for subsequent tissue hold. Optimization of the direct administration protocol with our gel-based formulation enabled a total staining time of 1-2 min for compatibility with surgical procedures and successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor W Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Vidhi M Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Lei G Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Anas M Masillati
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Adel Al-Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA; Department of Phamaceutics, College of Pharmacy, 62529, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Zaki Husain Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Sorger
- Intuitive Surgical, 1020 Kifer Road, Sunnyvale, CA, 94086, USA
| | - Deepa A Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Adam W G Alani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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11
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Barth CW, Shah VM, Wang LG, Antaris AL, Klaassen A, Sorger J, Rao DA, Kerr DA, Henderson ER, Alani AW, Gibbs SL. Clinically translatable formulation strategies for systemic administration of nerve-specific probes. Adv Ther (Weinh) 2021; 4:2100002. [PMID: 34423111 PMCID: PMC8372234 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nerves are extremely difficult to identify and are often accidently damaged during surgery, leaving patients with lasting pain and numbness. Herein, a novel near-infrared (NIR) nerve-specific fluorophore, LGW01-08, was utilized for enhanced nerve identification using fluorescence guided surgery (FGS), formulated using clinical translatable strategies. Formulated LGW01-08 was examined for toxicology, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) parameters in preparation for future clinical translation. Optimal LGW01-08 imaging doses were identified in each formulation resulting in a 10x difference between the toxicity to imaging dose window. Laparoscopic swine surgery completed using the da Vinci surgical robot (Intuitive Surgical) demonstrated the efficacy of formulated LGW01-08 for enhanced nerve identification. NIR fluorescence imaging enabled clear identification of nerves buried beneath ~3 mm of tissue that were unidentifiable by white light imaging. These studies provide a strong basis for future clinical translation of NIR nerve-specific fluorophores for utility during FGS to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor W. Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Vidhi M. Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University/OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201
| | - Lei G. Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | | | | | | | - Deepa A. Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR 97123
| | - Darcy A. Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Geisel School of Mdicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Eric R. Henderson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Adam W.G. Alani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University/OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201
| | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Corresponding Author: Summer L. Gibbs, Ph.D., Oregon Health & Science University, Collaborative Life Sciences Building, 2730 S Moody Ave, Mail Code: CL3SG, Portland, OR 97201, , Phone: 503-494-8940
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12
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McMahon NP, Solanki A, Jones JA, Wang LG, Tichauer KM, Samkoe KS, Gibbs SL. Abstract 3145: TRIPODD: a novel fluorescence imaging platform for in situ quantification of drug distribution and therapeutic response. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Successful cancer treatment continues to elude modern medicine and its arsenal of therapeutic strategies. Therapy resistance is driven by tumor heterogeneity, complex interactions between malignant, microenvironmental and immune cells as well as signaling pathway cross talk. Advances in molecular characterization technologies such as next generation sequencing have helped unravel this interaction network and identify therapeutic targets. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are a class of molecularly targeted therapeutics seeking to inhibit signaling pathways critical to sustaining proliferative signaling, resisting cell death, and other hallmarks of cancer. While tumors may initially respond to TKI therapy, disease progression is inevitable due to acquired resistance largely involving cellular signaling pathway reprogramming. With the ultimate goal of improved molecularly targeted therapeutic efficacy, we have developed a fluorescence imaging platform termed TRIPODD (Therapeutic Response Imaging through Proteomic and Optical Drug Distribution), resulting in the only methodology capable of simultaneous quantification of single-cell drug target availability and protein expression with preserved tumor spatial context. TRIPODD combines intracellular paired agent imaging (iPAI) to quantify drug target interactions and oligonucleotide conjugated antibody cyclic immunofluorescence (cyCIF) to characterize proteomic response to therapy. Importantly, iPAI and cyCIF data is collected on the same tissue sections facilitating spatial registration of the two datasets. iPAI employs spectrally distinct, fluorescently labeled targeted and untargeted drug derivatives, which correct for untargeted uptake and facilitate quantitative in situ assessment of drug target engagement. cyCIF exploits in situ hybridization of complementary oligos for biomarker labeling, while oligo modifications facilitate signal removal for sequential rounds of fluorescent tagging. cyCIF is capable of generating multi-parametric images to quantify protein expression, distribution and phosphorylation. To date, we have quantified and evaluated our iPAI toolbox using a suite of functional assays, where in vitro screening confirmed biological functionality. Subsequent in vivo validation studies successfully performed ratiometric iPAI quantification after systemic iPAI probe administration, followed by sequential cyCIF imaging on the same xenograft tissue sections for single-cell quantification of drug target availability, EGFR pathway signaling and cell viability. TRIPODD will enable an improved mechanistic understanding of clinically-relevant treatment regimens through spatially resolved single-cell quantification of drug concentration and proteomic response to identify mechanisms of resistant subclonal population outgrowths driving resistance.
Citation Format: Nathan P. McMahon, Allison Solanki, Jocelyn A. Jones, Lei G. Wang, Kenneth M. Tichauer, Kimberley S. Samkoe, Summer L. Gibbs. TRIPODD: a novel fluorescence imaging platform for in situ quantification of drug distribution and therapeutic response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 3145.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei G. Wang
- 1Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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13
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Alemanno F, An Q, Azzarello P, Barbato FCT, Bernardini P, Bi XJ, Cai MS, Catanzani E, Chang J, Chen DY, Chen JL, Chen ZF, Cui MY, Cui TS, Cui YX, Dai HT, D'Amone A, De Benedittis A, De Mitri I, de Palma F, Deliyergiyev M, Di Santo M, Dong TK, Dong ZX, Donvito G, Droz D, Duan JL, Duan KK, D'Urso D, Fan RR, Fan YZ, Fang K, Fang F, Feng CQ, Feng L, Fusco P, Gao M, Gargano F, Gong K, Gong YZ, Guo DY, Guo JH, Guo XL, Han SX, Hu YM, Huang GS, Huang XY, Huang YY, Ionica M, Jiang W, Kong J, Kotenko A, Kyratzis D, Lei SJ, Li S, Li WL, Li X, Li XQ, Liang YM, Liu CM, Liu H, Liu J, Liu SB, Liu WQ, Liu Y, Loparco F, Luo CN, Ma M, Ma PX, Ma T, Ma XY, Marsella G, Mazziotta MN, Mo D, Niu XY, Pan X, Parenti A, Peng WX, Peng XY, Perrina C, Qiao R, Rao JN, Ruina A, Salinas MM, Shang GZ, Shen WH, Shen ZQ, Shen ZT, Silveri L, Song JX, Stolpovskiy M, Su H, Su M, Sun ZY, Surdo A, Teng XJ, Tykhonov A, Wang H, Wang JZ, Wang LG, Wang S, Wang XL, Wang Y, Wang YF, Wang YZ, Wang ZM, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YF, Wen SC, Wu D, Wu J, Wu LB, Wu SS, Wu X, Xia ZQ, Xu HT, Xu ZH, Xu ZL, Xu ZZ, Xue GF, Yang HB, Yang P, Yang YQ, Yao HJ, Yu YH, Yuan GW, Yuan Q, Yue C, Zang JJ, Zhang F, Zhang SX, Zhang WZ, Zhang Y, Zhang YJ, Zhang YL, Zhang YP, Zhang YQ, Zhang Z, Zhang ZY, Zhao C, Zhao HY, Zhao XF, Zhou CY, Zhu Y. Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Helium Energy Spectrum from 70 GeV to 80 TeV with the DAMPE Space Mission. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:201102. [PMID: 34110215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.201102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic ray helium nuclei from 70 GeV to 80 TeV using 4.5 years of data recorded by the Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is reported in this work. A hardening of the spectrum is observed at an energy of about 1.3 TeV, similar to previous observations. In addition, a spectral softening at about 34 TeV is revealed for the first time with large statistics and well controlled systematic uncertainties, with an overall significance of 4.3σ. The DAMPE spectral measurements of both cosmic protons and helium nuclei suggest a particle charge dependent softening energy, although with current uncertainties a dependence on the number of nucleons cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Alemanno
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Via Iacobucci 2, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Q An
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - P Azzarello
- Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F C T Barbato
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Via Iacobucci 2, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - P Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione di Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - X J Bi
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19B, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M S Cai
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - E Catanzani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Chang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - D Y Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - J L Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Z F Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - M Y Cui
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - T S Cui
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Y X Cui
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - H T Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - A D'Amone
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione di Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - A De Benedittis
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione di Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - I De Mitri
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Via Iacobucci 2, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - F de Palma
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione di Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M Deliyergiyev
- Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Di Santo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione di Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - T K Dong
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Z X Dong
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - G Donvito
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione di Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - D Droz
- Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J L Duan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - K K Duan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - D D'Urso
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - R R Fan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19B, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Z Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - K Fang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19B, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Fang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - C Q Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - P Fusco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione di Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Gao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19B, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Gargano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione di Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - K Gong
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19B, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Z Gong
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - D Y Guo
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19B, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J H Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - X L Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - S X Han
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Y M Hu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - G S Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - X Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Y Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - M Ionica
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - W Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - J Kong
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - A Kotenko
- Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Kyratzis
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Via Iacobucci 2, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - S J Lei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - S Li
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - W L Li
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - X Li
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - X Q Li
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Y M Liang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - C M Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - H Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - J Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - S B Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - W Q Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - F Loparco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione di Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "M. Merlin" dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - C N Luo
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - M Ma
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - P X Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - T Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - X Y Ma
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - G Marsella
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione di Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M N Mazziotta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione di Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - D Mo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - X Y Niu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - X Pan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - A Parenti
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Via Iacobucci 2, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - W X Peng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19B, Beijing 100049, China
| | - X Y Peng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - C Perrina
- Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Qiao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19B, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J N Rao
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - A Ruina
- Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M M Salinas
- Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Z Shang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - W H Shen
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z Q Shen
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Z T Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - L Silveri
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Via Iacobucci 2, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J X Song
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - M Stolpovskiy
- Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H Su
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - M Su
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Space Research, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Z Y Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - A Surdo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione di Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - X J Teng
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - A Tykhonov
- Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H Wang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - J Z Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19B, Beijing 100049, China
| | - L G Wang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - S Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - X L Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Y F Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Y Z Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Z M Wang
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), Via Iacobucci 2, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - D M Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - J J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Y F Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - S C Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - D Wu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19B, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - L B Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - S S Wu
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - X Wu
- Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Z Q Xia
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - H T Xu
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z H Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Z L Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Z Z Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - G F Xue
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H B Yang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - P Yang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y Q Yang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - H J Yao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y H Yu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - G W Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Q Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - C Yue
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - J J Zang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - F Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19B, Beijing 100049, China
| | - S X Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - W Z Zhang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Y J Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Y P Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Z Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - C Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - H Y Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road 509, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - X F Zhao
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - C Y Zhou
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Y Zhu
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanertiao 1, Zhongguancun, Haidian district, Beijing 100190, China
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14
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Barth CW, Wang LG, Montano A, Antaris AL, Klaassen A, Sorger J, Kerr DA, Henderson ER, Alani AW, Gibbs SL. Lead Optimization of Nerve-Specific Fluorophores for Image-Guided Nerve Sparing Surgical Procedures. Opt Mol Probes Imaging Drug Deliv 2021; 2021:OW3E.3. [PMID: 36053248 PMCID: PMC9431774 DOI: 10.1364/omp.2021.ow3e.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nerve damage is a major complication of surgery, causing pain and loss of function. We have identified novel near-infrared nerve-specific fluorophores that provide excellent nerve contrast with the ability to identify buried nerve tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei G. Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Antonio Montano
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | | | | | | | - Darcy A. Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Eric R. Henderson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Adam W.G. Alani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201
| | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
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15
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Cui L, Wang LL, Li XJ, Wang LG, Li MZ, Han B. [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy complicated with apical left ventricular aneurysm and ventricular tachycardia: a case report]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2021; 49:276-277. [PMID: 33706463 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20200413-00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University,Xuzhou 221009,China
| | - L L Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University,Xuzhou 221009,China
| | - X J Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University,Xuzhou 221009,China
| | - L G Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University,Xuzhou 221009,China
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University,Xuzhou 221009,China
| | - B Han
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University,Xuzhou 221009,China
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16
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McMahon NP, Solanki A, Wang LG, Montaño AR, Jones JA, Samkoe KS, Tichauer KM, Gibbs SL. TRIPODD: a Novel Fluorescence Imaging Platform for In Situ Quantification of Drug Distribution and Therapeutic Response. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:650-664. [PMID: 33751366 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Personalized medicine has largely failed to produce curative therapies in advanced cancer patients. Evaluation of in situ drug target availability (DTA) concomitant with local protein expression is critical to an accurate assessment of therapeutic efficacy, but tools capable of both are currently lacking. PROCEDURE We developed and optimized a fluorescence imaging platform termed TRIPODD (Therapeutic Response Imaging through Proteomic and Optical Drug Distribution), resulting in the only methodology capable of simultaneous quantification of single-cell DTA and protein expression with preserved spatial context within a tumor. Using TRIPODD, we demonstrate the feasibility of combining two complementary fluorescence imaging techniques, intracellular paired agent imaging (iPAI) and cyclic immunofluorescence (cyCIF), conducted with oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies (Ab-oligos) on tissue samples. RESULTS We successfully performed sequential imaging on a single tissue section of iPAI to capture single-cell DTA and local protein expression heterogeneity using Ab-oligo cyCIF. Fluorescence imaging data acquisition was followed by spatial registration resulting in high dimensional data correlating DTA to protein expression at the single-cell level where uptake of a targeted probe alone was not well correlated to protein expression. CONCLUSION Herein, we demonstrated the utility of TRIPODD as a powerful imaging platform capable of interpreting tumor heterogeneity for a mechanistic understanding of therapeutic response and resistance through quantification of drug target availability and proteomic response with preserved spatial context at single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P McMahon
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Allison Solanki
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lei G Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Antonio R Montaño
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Jones
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kimberley S Samkoe
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Kenneth M Tichauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Collaborative Life Sciences Building, 2730 S Moody Ave, Mail Code: CL3SG, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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17
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Xiao P, Zhao XY, Hong W, Hou DQ, Yu ZC, Wang LG, Wang HJ, Gao AY, Cheng H, Mi J. [A prospective cohort study on the associations between vitamin D nutritional status and cardiometabolic abnormities in children]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2021; 41:2059-2065. [PMID: 33378817 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200804-01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationships between vitamin D nutritional status and the risks of cardiometabolic abnormities in children. Methods: Data were obtained from the School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program. In 2017, a total of 15 391 children aged 6-16 years in Beijing were selected by using a stratified cluster sampling method in the baseline survey. A Follow-up investigation was conducted in 2019. Log-binomial regression was used to analyze the relationships between baseline vitamin D nutritional status and the risks of cardiometabolic abnormities (obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia). Results: A total of 10 482 participants were involved in the study. The average vitamin D level was (35.6 ± 12.0) nmol/L, and the deficiency rate was 35.1%. The 2-year cumulative incidence rates of obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, high TC, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, high TG, and high non-HDL-C were 4.3%, 10.8%, 8.5%, 3.1%, 2.5%, 3.4%, 2.5%, and 3.9% respectively. After the adjustment of potential confounding factors, children with vitamin D inadequacy or deficiency had higher risks of high TC [RR (95%CI): inadequacy, 2.06 (1.19-3.58); deficiency, 2.80 (1.61-4.89)], high LDL-C [RR (95%CI): inadequacy, 1.67 (1.02-2.73); deficiency, 1.99 (1.19-3.33)], and high non-HDL-C [RR (95%CI): inadequacy, 2.00 (1.26-3.17); deficiency, 2.45 (1.53-3.92)] compared with children with adequate vitamin D, and the risks of them increased with the decrease of vitamin D level (trend P<0.05). The gender-stratified analysis showed that vitamin D deficiency was remained associated with high TC [RR (95%CI): boy, 2.64 (1.19-5.87); girl, 3.13 (1.43-6.83)] and high non-HDL-C [RR (95%CI): boy, 2.58(1.40-4.77); girl, 2.31 (1.10-4.84)]. Conclusions: The risks of abnormal TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C were inversely associated with vitamin D level. Maintenance of adequate vitamin D status in children may contribute to the early prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Xiao
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - X Y Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - W Hong
- Beijing Zhongtong Lambo Medical Laboratory, Beijing 100070, China
| | - D Q Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Z C Yu
- Beijing Tongzhou Primary and Secondary School Health Center, Beijing 101100, China
| | - L G Wang
- Beijing Miyun Primary and Secondary School Health Center, Beijing 101500, China
| | - H J Wang
- Beijing Fangshan Primary and Secondary School Health Center, Beijing 102400, China
| | - A Y Gao
- Beijing Dongcheng Primary and Secondary School Health Center, Beijing 100009, China
| | - H Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - J Mi
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
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18
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Iizuka S, Leon RP, Gribbin KP, Zhang Y, Navarro J, Smith R, Devlin K, Wang LG, Gibbs SL, Korkola J, Nan X, Courtneidge SA. Crosstalk between invadopodia and the extracellular matrix. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151122. [PMID: 33070041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffold protein Tks5α is required for invadopodia-mediated cancer invasion both in vitro and in vivo. We have previously also revealed a role for Tks5 in tumor cell growth using three-dimensional (3D) culture model systems and mouse transplantation experiments. Here we use both 3D and high-density fibrillar collagen (HDFC) culture to demonstrate that native collagen-I, but not a form lacking the telopeptides, stimulated Tks5-dependent growth, which was dependent on the DDR collagen receptors. We used microenvironmental microarray (MEMA) technology to determine that laminin, fibronectin and tropoelastin also stimulated invadopodia formation. A Tks5α-specific monoclonal antibody revealed its expression both on microtubules and at invadopodia. High- and super-resolution microscopy of cells in and on collagen was then used to place Tks5α at the base of invadopodia, separated from much of the actin and cortactin, but coincident with both matrix metalloprotease and cathepsin proteolytic activity. Inhibition of the Src family kinases, cathepsins or metalloproteases all reduced invadopodia length but each had distinct effects on Tks5α localization. These studies highlight the crosstalk between invadopodia and extracellular matrix components, and reveal the invadopodium to be a spatially complex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Iizuka
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Ronald P Leon
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kyle P Gribbin
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jose Navarro
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kaylyn Devlin
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Lei G Wang
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - James Korkola
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Xiaolin Nan
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sara A Courtneidge
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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19
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Wang LG, Barth CW, Kitts CH, Mebrat MD, Montaño AR, House BJ, McCoy ME, Antaris AL, Galvis SN, McDowall I, Sorger JM, Gibbs SL. Near-infrared nerve-binding fluorophores for buried nerve tissue imaging. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/542/eaay0712. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nerve-binding fluorophores with near-infrared (NIR; 650 to 900 nm) emission could reduce iatrogenic nerve injury rates by providing surgeons precise, real-time visualization of the peripheral nervous system. Unfortunately, current systemically administered nerve contrast agents predominantly emit at visible wavelengths and show nonspecific uptake in surrounding tissues such as adipose, muscle, and facia, thus limiting detection to surgically exposed surface-level nerves. Here, a focused NIR fluorophore library was synthesized and screened through multi-tiered optical and pharmacological assays to identify nerve-binding fluorophore candidates for clinical translation. NIR nerve probes enabled micrometer-scale nerve visualization at the greatest reported tissue depths (~2 to 3 mm), a feat unachievable with previous visibly emissive contrast agents. Laparoscopic fluorescent surgical navigation delineated deep lumbar and iliac nerves in swine, most of which were invisible in conventional white-light endoscopy. Critically, NIR oxazines generated contrast against all key surgical tissue classes (muscle, adipose, vasculature, and fascia) with nerve signal-to-background ratios ranging from ~2 (2- to 3-mm depth) to 25 (exposed nerve). Clinical translation of NIR nerve-specific agents will substantially reduce comorbidities associated with surgical nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei G. Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Connor W. Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Catherine H. Kitts
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Mubark D. Mebrat
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Antonio R. Montaño
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Broderick J. House
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Meaghan E. McCoy
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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20
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Montaño AR, Wang LG, Barth CW, Shams NA, Kumarapeli KASU, Gibbs SL. In Vivo Nerve-Specificity of Rhodamines and Si-rhodamines. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2020; 11222:112220I. [PMID: 32255888 PMCID: PMC7115044 DOI: 10.1117/12.2545311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Accidental nerve damage or transection of vital nerve structures remains an unfortunate reality that is often associated with surgery. Despite the existence of nerve-sparing techniques, the success of such procedures is not only complicated by anatomical variance across patients but is also highly dependent on a surgeon's first-hand experience that is acquired over numerous procedures through trial and error, often with highly variable success rates. Fluorescent small molecules, such as rhodamines and fluoresceins have proven incredibly useful for biological imaging in the life sciences, and they appeared to have potential in illuminating vital nerve structures during surgical procedures. In order to make use of the current clinically relevant imaging systems and to provide surgeons with fluorescent contrast largely free from the interference of hemoglobin and water, it was first necessary to spectrally tune known fluorescent scaffolds towards near infrared (NIR) wavelengths. To determine whether the well-documented Si-substitution strategy could be applied towards developing a NIR fluorophore that retained nerve-specific properties of candidate molecules, an in vivo comparison was made between two compounds previously shown to highlight nervous structures - TMR and Rhodamine B - and their Si-substituted derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio R. Montaño
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Lei G. Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Connor W. Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Nourhan A. Shams
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | | | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
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Munhenzva IR, Barth CW, Sibrian-Vazquez M, Wang LG, Escobedo JO, Gibbs SL, Strongin RM. Assessment of human pancreas cancer tissue and precursor lesions via a fluorophore with inherent PDAC selectivity. Methods 2019; 168:35-39. [PMID: 31185273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current five-year survival rate of <5% for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is compounded by late diagnosis, a lack of PDAC-specific intraoperative guidance to ensure complete resection, and the ineffectiveness of current therapies. Previously, utilizing compound 1, a fluorophore with inherent PDAC selectivity, PDAC was visualized both in vivo and ex vivo in a murine model. In the current study, human PDAC tissue is targeted. Compound 1 selectively stains ducts of the adenocarcinoma versus the surrounding stroma, enabling the imaging of PDAC in frozen tissue sections with high contrast. To enhance the potential of 1 for intraoperative applications, the ex vivo staining protocol was optimized for rapid margin assessment, with a final staining time of ~15 min. To measure diagnostic performance, the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was measured for the identification of ductal adenocarcinoma vs. stroma. The bright fluorescence contrast enabled quantitative determination of PDAC (or precancerous PanIN lesions) versus healthy pancreas tissue in human tissue array samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Munhenzva
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10th Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, United States
| | - Connor W Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Martha Sibrian-Vazquez
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10th Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, United States
| | - Lei G Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Jorge O Escobedo
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10th Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, United States
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, United States; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States; OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, United States
| | - Robert M Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, 1719 SW 10th Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, United States; OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 SW Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, United States.
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22
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Wang LG, Munhenzva I, Sibrian-Vazquez M, Escobedo JO, Kitts CH, Fronczek FR, Strongin RM. Altering Fundamental Trends in the Emission of Xanthene Dyes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2585-2595. [PMID: 30719911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent small molecules enable researchers and clinicians to visualize biological events in living cells, tissues, and organs in real time. Herein, the focus is on the structure and properties of the relatively rare benzo[ a]xanthenes that exhibit enhanced steric and electronic interactions due to their annulated structures. Three types of fluorophores were synthesized: (i) pH- and solvent-dependent seminaphthorhodafluors, (ii) pH- and solvent-independent seminaphthorhodafluors, and (iii) pH-independent but solvent-sensitive seminaphthorhodamines. The probes exhibited promising far-red to near-infrared (NIR) emission, large Stoke shifts, broad full width at half-maximum (fwhm), relatively high quantum yields, and utility in immunofluorescence staining. Deviation of the π-system from planarity due to changes in the fluorophore ionization state resulted in fluorescence properties that are atypical of common xanthene dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei G Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Oregon Health & Science University , 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road , Portland , Oregon 97239 , United States
| | - Ian Munhenzva
- Department of Chemistry , Portland State University , 1719 SW 10th Avenue , Portland , Oregon 97201 , United States
| | - Martha Sibrian-Vazquez
- Department of Chemistry , Portland State University , 1719 SW 10th Avenue , Portland , Oregon 97201 , United States
| | - Jorge O Escobedo
- Department of Chemistry , Portland State University , 1719 SW 10th Avenue , Portland , Oregon 97201 , United States
| | - Catherine H Kitts
- Department of Chemistry , Portland State University , 1719 SW 10th Avenue , Portland , Oregon 97201 , United States
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry , Louisiana State University , 232 Choppin Hall , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Robert M Strongin
- Department of Chemistry , Portland State University , 1719 SW 10th Avenue , Portland , Oregon 97201 , United States
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Wang LG, Barth CW, Combs JR, Montaño AR, Gibbs SL. Investigation of Oxazine and Rhodamine Derivatives as Peripheral Nerve Tissue Targeting Contrast Agent for In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2019; 10862. [PMID: 32341618 DOI: 10.1117/12.2507296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accidental nerve transection or injury is a significant morbidity associated with many surgical interventions, resulting in persistent postsurgical numbness, chronic pain, and/or paralysis. Nerve-sparing can be a difficult task due to patient-to-patient variability and the difficulty of nerve visualization in the operating room. Fluorescence image-guided surgery to aid in the precise visualization of vital nerve structures in real time during surgery could greatly improve patient outcomes. To date, all nerve-specific contrast agents emit in the visible range. Developing a near-infrared (NIR) nerve-specific fluorophore is poised to be a challenging task, as a NIR fluorophore must have enough "double-bonds" to reach the NIR imaging window, contradicting the requirement that a nerve-specific agent must have a relatively low molecular weight to cross the blood-nerve-barrier (BNB). Herein we report our efforts to investigate the molecular characteristics for the nerve-specific oxazine fluorophores, as well as their structurally analogous rhodamine fluorophores. Specifically, optical properties, physicochemical properties and their in vivo nerve specificity were evaluated herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei G Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Connor W Barth
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Jason R Combs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Antonio R Montaño
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201.,OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
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Ye LY, Fan CL, Wang LG, Tao T, Gao WB, Li YH. [Current status of job burnout in clinical nurses in a grade A tertiary hospital and related influencing factors]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2018; 35:754-758. [PMID: 29294549 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the current status of job burnout in clinical nurses in a grade A tertiary hospitalin Shaoxing,China and related influencing factors. Methods: In October 2016, the Nursing Burnout Scale (NBS)was used for the investigation of 304 clinical nurses in a grade A tertiary hospital.The contents of the investigation included general data(including age,education background,working years,marital status, frequency of night shifts,professional title, and way of employment), characteristics of working environment,burnout, personality characteristics,coping strategy,and psychosomatic symptoms.SPSS 18.0 was used to conduct Pearson correlation analysis of the scores of each dimension of NBS. A multivariate regression analysis was performed with the demographic features of clinical nurses as the independent variable and the scores of each dimension of NBS as the dependent variable. Results: Among the clinical nurses in this grade A tertiary hospital, the incidence rate of severe burnout was 74%.The Pearson correlation analysis showed that burnout,pessimistic personality,negative coping,and psychosomatic symptoms were positively correlated with working environment(r=0.530,0.316,0.116,and 0.502); pessimistic personality and psychosomatic symptoms were positively correlated with burnout(r=0.618 and 0.675); psychosomatic symptoms were positively correlated withpessimistic personality(r=0.540); negative coping was negatively correlated with pessimistic personality(r=-0.145).The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that department(Department of Internal Medicine or Department of Surgery,B=-0.364 and -0.428)and frequency of night shifts(<6 times/month and 6-10 times/month,B=0.199 and 0.256)were influencing factors for the score of working environment; department(Department of Internal Medicine or Department of Surgery, B=-0.350 and -0.360)was an influencing factor for the score of burnout; 1-3 working years(B=-0.238)was an influencing factor for the score of pessimistic personality; married state,1-3 working years,and department (Department of Internal Medicine or Department of Surgery)were influencing factors for the score of psychosomatic symptoms(B=0.263,-0.301,-0.322,and -0.391). Conclusion: There is a high incidence rate of job burnout among clinical nurses in this grade A tertiary hospital,which is associated with burnout,working environment, pessimistic personality,and psychosomatic symptoms.Marital status,working years,department,and frequency of night shifts are major influencing factors for job burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Ye
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese A cademy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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25
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Ye HY, Hu FF, Tang HY, Yang LW, Chen XP, Wang LG, Zhang GQ. Germanene on single-layer ZnSe substrate: novel electronic and optical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16067-16076. [PMID: 29855000 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00870a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the structural, electronic and optical properties of germanene and ZnSe substrate nanocomposites have been investigated using first-principles calculations. We found that the large direct-gap ZnSe semiconductors and zero-gap germanene form a typical orbital hybridization heterostructure with a strong binding energy, which shows a moderate direct band gap of 0.503 eV in the most stable pattern. Furthermore, the heterostructure undergoes semiconductor-to-metal band gap transition when subjected to external out-of-plane electric field. We also found that applying external strain and compressing the interlayer distance are two simple ways of tuning the electronic structure. An unexpected indirect-direct band gap transition is also observed in the AAII pattern via adjusting the interlayer distance. Quite interestingly, the calculated results exhibit that the germanene/ZnSe heterobilayer structure has perfect optical absorption in the solar spectrum as well as the infrared and UV light zones, which is superior to that of the individual ZnSe substrate and germanene. The staggered interfacial gap and tunability of the energy band structure via interlayer distance and external electric field and strain thus make the germanene/ZnSe heterostructure a promising candidate for field effect transistors (FETs) and nanoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Ye
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University and College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, China.
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Xiao W, Wang JW, Sun L, Li XW, Li ZH, Wang LG. Theoretical investigation of the strengthening mechanism and precipitation evolution in high strength Al-Zn-Mg alloys. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13616-13622. [PMID: 29737340 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01820k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density-functional theory calculations have been performed to systematically investigate the behaviors of solute atoms in 7000 series Al-Zn-Mg based alloys. It is found that solute atoms Mg and Zn are likely to segregate to the Σ5(210)[001] tilt Al GB. The bonding environment and interface cohesion will be affected to different degrees. Also, for GPI(100) our calculations indicate that a Zn/Mg/Zn sandwich configuration in the Al matrix (100) planes is energetically favorable. However, for GPII(111) the disordered structure turns out to be the most stable one. It mainly results from strong 3d-3s hybridization interactions between Zn and Mg atoms. Furthermore, the properties of the metastable phase η' and the equilibrium phase η have also been addressed. The present study provides valuable insight for developing Al alloys with superior performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xiao
- Materials Computation Center, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - J W Wang
- Materials Computation Center, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - L Sun
- Materials Computation Center, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - X W Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Z H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
| | - L G Wang
- GRIPM Advanced Materials Co., Ltd, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China. and School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Zhang LC, Liang J, Pu L, Zhang YB, Wang LG, Liu X, Yan H, Wang LX. mRNA and protein expression levels of four candidate genes for ear size in Erhualian and Large White pigs. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-02-gmr.16029252. [PMID: 28407177 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16029252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Porcine ear size is an important characteristic for distinguishing among pig breeds. In a previous genome-wide association study of porcine ear size, LEM domain-containing 3 (LEMD3), methionine sulfoxide reductase B3 (MSRB3), high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), and Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) were implicated as important candidate genes for ear size. This study investigated the expression levels of four candidate genes for ear size in Erhualian and Large White pigs. Ten Erhualian pigs with large ears and eight Large White pigs with small ears at 60 days of age were examined. The mRNA expression levels of the four candidate genes were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. WIF1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in Large White than in Erhualian pigs (P < 0.05), whereas the expression levels of the other three genes were not significantly different between the two breeds. The protein expression levels of the four genes were analyzed using western blot. WIF1 protein expression was significantly higher in Large White than in Erhualian pigs (P < 0.01), whereas MSRB3 protein expression was significantly higher in Erhualian than in Large White pigs (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two breeds in residual protein expression. These results suggest that WIF1 is the main causal gene for ear size in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Animal Science, , , China .,
| | - J Liang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, , , China
| | - L Pu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, , , China
| | - Y B Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Animal Science, , , China
| | - L G Wang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Animal Science, , , China
| | - X Liu
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Animal Science, , , China
| | - H Yan
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Animal Science, , , China
| | - L X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Animal Science, , , China
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Wang XJ, Li Y, Lu XJ, Xu WY, Zhao W, Wang LG. Fabrication and characterization of novel polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membranes for separation of Cr(VI) from wastewater. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0263617416670164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- XJ Wang
- University of Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Groundwater Numerical Simulation and Contamination Control, China
| | - Y Li
- University of Jinan, China
| | - XJ Lu
- University of Jinan, China
| | - WY Xu
- University of Jinan, China
| | - W Zhao
- University of Jinan, China
| | - LG Wang
- University of Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Carbon Sink and Capture Utilization, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Groundwater Numerical Simulation and Contamination Control, China
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Pu L, Zhang LC, Zhang JS, Song X, Wang LG, Liang J, Zhang YB, Liu X, Yan H, Zhang T, Yue JW, Li N, Wu QQ, Wang LX. Porcine MAP3K5 analysis: molecular cloning, characterization, tissue expression pattern, and copy number variations associated with residual feed intake. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7998. [PMID: 27525933 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15037998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAP3K5) is essential for apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and immune responses, and is a candidate marker for residual feed intake (RFI) in pig. We cloned the full-length cDNA sequence of porcine MAP3K5 by rapid-amplification of cDNA ends. The 5451-bp gene contains a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) (718 bp), a coding region (3738 bp), and a 3'-UTR (995 bp), and encodes a peptide of 1245 amino acids, which shares 97, 99, 97, 93, 91, and 84% sequence identity with cattle, sheep, human, mouse, chicken, and zebrafish MAP3K5, respectively. The deduced MAP3K5 protein sequence contains two conserved domains: a DUF4071 domain and a protein kinase domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that porcine MAP3K5 forms a separate branch to vicugna and camel MAP3K5. Tissue expression analysis using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that MAP3K5 was expressed in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, muscle, fat, pancrea, ileum, and stomach tissues. Copy number variation was detected for porcine MAP3K5 and validated by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, a significant increase in average copy number was detected in the low RFI group when compared to the high RFI group in a Duroc pig population. These results provide useful information regarding the influence of MAP3K5 on RFI in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L C Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J S Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Song
- Research Institute of Truein Agro-Pastoral Group Co., Ltd., Kaifeng, China
| | - L G Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Liang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y B Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H Yan
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - T Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J W Yue
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - N Li
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Q Q Wu
- College of Animal Science Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - L X Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang T, Liu S, Zheng YB, Song XP, Jiang WJ, Sun BL, Wang LG. [Application of (125)I seeds combined with biliary stent implantation in the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2016; 38:228-31. [PMID: 26988831 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the feasibility and therapeutic effect of the application of (125)I seeds combined with biliary stent implantation on the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice. METHODS Fifty patients with malignant obstructive jaundice treated from September 2010 to February 2013 in Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital were included in this study. Among them, 24 patients received biliary stent implantation combined with (125)I seeds intraluminal brachytherapy as experimental group, and 26 were treated by biliary stent implantation as control group.The total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and tumor markers (CA-199, CA-242, CEA) before and after surgery, the biliary stent patency status was assessed, and the survival time was evaluated. RESULTS The 24 patients in experimental group were implanted with 30 (125)I seeds successfully in a total of 450 seeds. Jaundice was improved greatly in both groups. The CA-199 and CA-242 after treatment in the experimental group were significantly decreased than that before treatment (P=0.003 and P=0.004). CEA was also decreased, but showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). There were no significant improvement comparing the CA-199, CA-242 and CEA before and 2 months after surgery in the control group (P>0.05). The rate of biliary stent patency was 83.3% (20/24) in the experimental group and 57.7% (15/26) in the control group (P=0.048). The mean biliary stent patency time in the experimental group was 9.84 months (range 1-15.5 months). The mean biliary stent patency time in the control group was 5.57 months (range 0.8-9 months). There was a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.018). The median survival time was 10.2 months in the experimental group and 5.4 months in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION (125)I seeds combined with biliary stent implantation can inhibit the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and the growth of tumor effectively, and can prolong the biliary stent patency time and the survival time obviously for patients with malignant obstructive jaundice, therefore, is a safe and effective treatment in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
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Liu X, Wang LG, Zhang LC, Yan H, Zhao KB, Liang J, Li N, Pu L, Zhang T, Wang LX. Molecular cloning, tissue expression pattern, and copy number variation of porcine SCUBE3. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7010. [PMID: 26909946 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15017010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The signal peptide CUB EGF-like domain-containing protein 3 (SCUBE3) gene is a member of SCUBE gene family and plays important roles in bone cell biology and the determination of limb bone length. In this study, the full-length transcript of porcine SCUBE3 was cloned using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full-length sequence of porcine SCUBE3 cDNA was 4131 base pairs and included 21 exons. The SCUBE3 gene contained a 2895-base pair open reading frame that encoded a peptide of 965 amino acids. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of porcine SCUBE3 with those of human, mouse, zebrafish, and rat showed 96, 95, 73, and 95% identities, respectively. Porcine SCUBE3 mRNA expression levels were highest in the backfat, bone marrow, and cartilage tissues. Copy number variation was detected in porcine SCUBE3 and validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Different copy number variations were present in randomly selected individuals and may, therefore, be a good marker for identifying phenotypic traits. Our findings provide a basis for further investigation of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of SCUBE3 in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L G Wang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L C Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H Yan
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - K B Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Liang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - N Li
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Pu
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - T Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang HX, Guan SK, Wang X, Ren CX, Wang LG. In vitro degradation and mechanical integrity of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy coated with Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite by the pulse electrodeposition process. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:1743-8. [PMID: 20004746 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The key to manufacturing magnesium-based alloys that are suitable as biodegradable orthopaedic implants is how to adjust their degradation rates and mechanical integrity in the physiological environment. In this study, to solve this challenge, a soluble Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite (Ca-def HA) coating was deposited on an Mg-Zn-Ca alloy substrate by pulse eletrodeposition. This deposition can be demonstrated by X-ray diffractometry and energy dispersion spectroscopy analyses, and the Ca/P atomic ratio of as-deposited coating is about 1.33 (within the range from 1.33 to 1.65). By regulating the appropriate pulse amplitude and width, the Ca-def HA coating shows better adhesion to Mg-Zn-Ca alloy, whose lap shear strength is increased to 41.8+/-2.7 MPa. Potentiodynamic polarization results in Kokubo's simulated body fluid (SBF) indicate that the corrosion potential of Mg alloy increases from -1645 to -1414 mV, while the corrosion current density decreases from 110 to 25 microA/cm(2), which illustrates that the Ca-def HA coating improves the substrate corrosion resistance significantly. Since orthopaedic implants generally serve under conditions of stress corrosion, the mechanical integrity of the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy was measured using the slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) testing technique in SBF. The SSRT results show that the ultimate tensile strength and time of fracture for the coated Mg-Zn-Ca alloy are higher than those of the uncoated one, which is beneficial in supporting fractured bone for a longer time. Thus Mg-Zn-Ca alloy coated with Ca-def HA is be a promising candidate for biodegradable orthopaedic implants, and is worthwhile to further investigate the in vivo degradation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Wang M, Chang K, Wang LG, Dai N, Peeters FM. Crystallographic plane tuning of charge and spin transport in semiconductor quantum wires. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:365202. [PMID: 19687557 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/36/365202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically the charge and spin transport in quantum wires grown along different crystallographic planes in the presence of the Rashba spin-orbit interaction (RSOI) and the Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction (DSOI). We find that changing the crystallographic planes leads to a variation of the anisotropy of the conductance due to a different interplay between the RSOI and DSOI, since the DSOI is induced by bulk inversion asymmetry, which is determined by crystallographic plane. This interplay depends sensitively on the crystallographic planes, and consequently leads to the anisotropic charge and spin transport in quantum wires embedded in different crystallographic planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- SKLSM, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 912, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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Chan KS, Wang LG. Conductance oscillations in a nanowire double junction. Nanotechnology 2008; 19:405401. [PMID: 21832616 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/40/405401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between two nanowire cross-junctions is studied in a three-wire double-junction structure. The dc conductances between terminals in the double-junction structure are calculated from the Green's function, which is obtained using the modular Green's function approach. Significant oscillations are found in the inter-wire conductances in both junctions, which are the consequence of interference of electron waves reflected between junctions. A phenomenological expression, which can relate the positions of neighboring oscillation peaks, is developed based on the interference mechanism. The interaction between quasi-bound states formed at the junctions is found to be negligible and has no significant effect on the inter-wire conductance peaks. Our results show that interaction between neighboring junctions should be properly considered in the modeling and design of nanowire devices and circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Chan
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Wang LG, Liu XM, Fang Y, Dai W, Chiao FB, Puccio GM, Feng J, Liu D, Chiao JW. De-repression of the p21 promoter in prostate cancer cells by an isothiocyanate via inhibition of HDACs and c-Myc. Int J Oncol 2008; 33:375-380. [PMID: 18636159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural isothiocyanates from cruciferous vegetables have been described as important dietary factors for prostate cancer prevention. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), found rich in watercress, induces growth arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, and also inhibits the testosterone-mediated growth of prostates by regulating the androgen receptor and cell cycle progression in rats. PEITC has been recently identified as an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs). Herein we describe the mechanism of PEITC-mediated growth attenuation in relation to HDAC inhibition in human prostate cancer cells. Exposure of androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells LNCaP to PEITC resulted in cell cycle arrest and a p53-independent up-regulation of the inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases, including p21WAF1 and p27. The mechanism of p21 activation was investigated. PEITC significantly enhanced histone acetylation and induced selective modification of histone methylation for chromatin remodeling. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that the p21 gene was associated with the PEITC-induced hyperacetylated histones. As a result, the chromatin unfolding permitted the transcription activation of the p21 gene. PEITC also significantly reduced the expression of c-Myc which represses p21. Pull-down assays using Sp1 affinity oligo beads of the p21 promoter, showed decreased c-Myc binding to the Sp1 transcriptional complexes in the p21 promoter, resulting in reduced p21 repression. The quantity of PEITC (0.5-1 micro M) effective to mediate cell cycle arrest was less than that for inhibiting c-Myc (2-5 micro M), suggesting that the inhibition of HDACs may be the primary mechanism for p21 activation. The PEITC-mediated growth attenuation of prostate cancer cells includes an interactive mechanism involving HDAC and c-Myc inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Wang
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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Beklemisheva AA, Feng J, Yeh YA, Wang LG, Chiao JW. Modulating testosterone stimulated prostate growth by phenethyl isothiocyanate via Sp1 and androgen receptor down-regulation. Prostate 2007; 67:863-70. [PMID: 17431886 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), present naturally in cruciferous vegetables, on androgen-influenced growth of the prostate such as benign hyperplasia, was investigated. METHODS Rats dosed with cyproterone acetate and testosterone, were fed at the same time with either PEITC or vehicle control. The growth of the prostates was compared to untreated rats. RESULTS While testosterone increased the prostate mass (30%) and hyperplastic seminiferous tubules as compared to the untreated rats, PEITC feeding decreased the prostate mass and hyperplasia to roughly the levels of untreated rats (P < 0.05). PEITC negated the testosterone-mediated enhancement of the androgen receptor (AR), via down-regulating transcription factor Sp1 expression and Sp1 binding complex formation. Cell cycle progression was attenuated with decreases of cyclins, Rb, and up-regulates p27. CONCLUSIONS PEITC modulates the testosterone-influenced growth by repressing Sp1, thus down-regulating AR and proliferation. PEITC from cruciferous vegetables may represent a regulator for hormone-dependent growth of the prostate.
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Wang LG, Beklemisheva A, Liu XM, Ferrari AC, Feng J, Chiao JW. Dual action on promoter demethylation and chromatin by an isothiocyanate restored GSTP1 silenced in prostate cancer. Mol Carcinog 2007; 46:24-31. [PMID: 16921492 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate carcinoma is characterized by the silencing of pi-class glutathione S-transferase gene (GSTP1), which encodes a detoxifying enzyme. The silencing of GSTP1, due to aberrant methylation at the CpG island in the promoter/5'-UTR, occurs in the vast majority of prostate tumors and precancerous lesions. It is a pathologic marker and probably an underlying cause of oxidative damage and inflammation at tumor initiation. Inhibition of the aberrant promoter methylation could therefore be an effective mean to prevent carcinogenesis. Several isothiocyanates, including phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), found naturally in cruciferous vegetables, induced growth arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells in culture and xenografts. The effects of PEITC to reactivate GSTP1 were investigated. Exposure of prostate cancer LNCaP cells to PEITC inhibited the activity and level of histone deacetylases (HDACs), and induced selective histone acetylation and methylation for chromatin unfolding. Concurrently PEITC demethylated the promoter and restored the unmethylated GSTP1 in both androgen-dependent and -independent LNCaP cancer cells to the level found in normal prostatic cells, as quantified by methylation-specific PCR and pyrosequencing. The dual action of PEITC on both the DNA and chromatin was more effective than 5'-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, sodium butyrate, or trichostatin A (TSA), and may de-repress the methyl-binding domain (MBD) on gene transcription. The PEITC-mediated cross-talk between the DNA and chromatin in demethylating and reactivating GSTP1 genes, which is critically inactivated in prostate carcinogenesis, underlines a primary mechanism of cancer chemoprevention. Consequently, new approaches could be developed, with isothiocyanates to prevent and inhibit malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Wang
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, Manhattan VA Medical Center, New York, New York 10010, USA
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38
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer usually progresses to androgen refractory after an initial anti-androgen treatment. The androgen receptor (AR) is a pivotal factor for the androgen-mediated growth and maintenance of the prostate. Abnormality of the AR, such as overexpression has been postulated to be related to the hormone independent growth of the cancer. Although we previously demonstrated that the AR expression could be modulated by isothiocyanates, which are natural constituents of cruciferous vegetables, the mechanism, however, remained to be clarified. We have since investigated the mechanism of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) in AR regulation. METHODS A human androgen dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP (AD) and its sub-line LNCaP (AI), i.e. androgen independent but overexpressing AR, were exposed to PEITC. The effects of PEITC on cell growth and AR expression/transcription were analyzed with MTT assay, real-time PCR and western blotting. The AR promoter activity was analyzed with the reporter activity after transfection with pAR-luc. The effects on Sp1, the major transcription factor of the AR, were tested with Sp1-luc activity, western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS PEITC induced a significant growth inhibition, with equal IC(50), in both AD and AI cells. The AR present in both cells was repressed as demonstrated with real-time PCR and western blot. PEITC mediates dual effects at transcriptional and post-translational levels to regulate the AR. At transcriptional level the AR level was reduced via inhibition of the transcription factor Sp1, and at post-translational level by accelerating protein degradation. CONCLUSION PEITC represses AR transcription and expression, and mediates growth arrest in androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer cells. With the AR modulation and growth attenuation, PEITC and possibly other isothiocyanates, may prevent and inhibit hormone sensitive and refractory prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Wang
- New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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Abstract
To study the mechanisms of the development of hormone refractory prostate cancer, we established an androgen-independent (AI) prostate cancer cell line derived from hormone-dependent (AD) LNCaP cells. Our previous studies have demonstrated that AI cells are deficient in expression of p21(WAFl/CIP1) (p21) due to overexpressed AR and are resistant to apoptosis. In this study, the induction of p53 and p21 expression by vinorelbine (Navelbine) was compared between AD and AI cells in an attempt to understand the difference(s) in apoptotic signalling pathways in these cells. Using a series of deletion of p21 reporter constructs, we found that vinorelbine mediated p21 induction in a p53-dependent manner in AD cells. In contrast, p21 expression restored by vinorelbine in AI cells was found to be through both p53-dependent and-independent pathways. In the absence of two p53 binding sites, Spl-3 and Spl-4 sites, in the promoter of human p21 gene, were found to be required for vinorelbine-mediated p21 activation. No p21 induction was observed by paclitaxel in AI cells. Exposure of AI cells to paciltaxel followed by vinorelbine produced synergism. Our data, thus, provide a basis for the synergistic combination of vinorelbine and paclitaxel for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1129, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - J D Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1129, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - A C Ferrari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1129, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - D R Budman
- North Shore University Hospital, New York University School of Medicine, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - L G Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1129, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1129, New York, NY 10029, USA. E-mail:
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Abstract
First-principles calculations on p-type doping of the paradigm wide-gap ZnO semiconductor reveal that successful doping depends much on engineering a stable local chemical bonding environment. We suggest a cluster-doping approach in which a locally stable chemical environment is realized by using few dopant species. We explain two puzzling experimental observations, i.e., that monodoping N in ZnO via N2 fails to produce p-type behavior, whereas using an NO source produces metastable p-type behavior, which disappears over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Wang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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41
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Abstract
We discover that Au-rich Cu1-xAux and Pt-rich Ni1-xPtx contain a composition range in which there is a quasicontinuum of stable, ordered "adaptive structures" made of (001) repeat units of simple structural motifs. This is found by searching approximately 3x10(6) different fcc configurations whose energies are parametrized via a "cluster expansion" of first-principles-calculated total energies of just a few structures. This structural adaptivity is explained in terms of an anisotropic, long-range strain energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sanati
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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Abstract
Cd-rich CdSe nanocrystals below a critical size, under illumination, catalyze CO2 fixation, but bulk CdSe surfaces do not. We report first-principles calculations in which we determine the roles of faceting, deviations from stoichiometry, photoexcitation, and electron confinement, and the specific physics of the nanoscale. We further establish that catalysis does not occur at the nanocrystal surface; instead, neutral molecules adsorb, desorb negatively charged, and react elsewhere. Finally, we predict that n-type doped CdSe nanocrystals would be effective catalysts without photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Wang
- Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee 37831, USA.
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Abstract
The effects of vinorelbine and paclitaxel on the activity of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase2 (ERK2), a member of MAP kinase, and its role in the induction of bcl-2 phosphorylation and apoptosis were evaluated in MCF-7 cells. We demonstrated that ERK2 was activated rapidly by vinorelbine, and was inhibited by either paclitaxel or estramustine. A 3-fold increase of ERK2 kinase activity was observed within 30 min when MCF-7 cells were treated with 0.1 microM vinorelbine. In contrast, the same treatment with paclitaxel resulted in a significant decrease of ERK2 kinase activity. We also demonstrated that elevated bcl-2 phosphorylation induced by vinorelbine is paralleled by decrease of a complex formation between bcl-2 and bax, cleavage of poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) protein, activation of caspase-7, and apoptosis. The levels of bcl-2 phosphorylation, bax, and PARP were not significantly affected by 2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone (PD 98059), an ERK kinase specific inhibitor. Thus, our data suggest that the apoptosis induced by vinorelbine in MCF-7 cells is mediated through the bcl-2 phosphorylation/bax/caspases pathways, and that activation of ERK2 by vinorelbine does not directly lead to the drug-mediated apoptosis. Since decrease of PARP occurred quickly following the treatment of MCF-7 cells with either 0.1 microM of vinorelbine or paclitaxel, this protein may serve as an early indicator of apoptosis induced not only by DNA damaging agents, but also by antimicrotubule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Liu
- Don Monti Division of Medical Oncology, North Shore University Hospital, NYU School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
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Wang LG, Ossowski L, Ferrari AC. Overexpressed androgen receptor linked to p21WAF1 silencing may be responsible for androgen independence and resistance to apoptosis of a prostate cancer cell line. Cancer Res 2001; 61:7544-51. [PMID: 11606392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
An androgen-independent (AI) prostate cancer cell line, derived recently from an LNCaP cell line maintained in androgen-poor conditions, has properties resembling a subgroup of advanced prostate cancers in that it has an overexpressed androgen receptor (AR), undetectable levels of p21WAF1 and prostate-specific antigen, and is resistant to apoptosis. The loss of prostate-specific antigen expression but not the p21WAF1 is attributable to gene silencing by hypermethylation. The high AR and undetectable p21WAF1 of AI cells, and lower AR but highly expressed p21WAF1 of androgen-dependent parental LNCaP cells, suggest a possibility of a functional link between these two proteins. Therefore, we examined the impact the modulation of AR will have on the expression of p21WAF1. Treatment of androgen-dependent cells with an androgen agonist, R1881, increased the AR protein level, whereas it simultaneously reduced the endogenous p21WAF1-protein 8-fold and the activity of a transiently transfected p21-promoter-reporter 10-fold. The down-regulation of p21WAF1 promoter appeared to be ARE mediated, dependent on AR, and not cell-type specific. Furthermore, a reduction of the AR level in AI cells by AR-antisense oligonucleotide increased the p21WAF1 promoter-reporter activity by approximately 4-fold, confirming a functional link between these two proteins. A strong, direct induction of p21WAF1 expression achieved by treatment of AI cells with trichostatin A produced a partial reversion of the AI phenotype evidenced by increased sensitivity of these cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Moreover, a reduction of AR level by antisense treatment, which also increased p21WAF1 expression, partially restored the androgen dependence of AI cells for growth. The functional link between AR dosage and p21WAF1 expression suggests that therapeutic reduction of AR protein in advanced prostate cancers with elevated AR levels may re-establish their hormone dependence and improve therapeutic response to repeated hormonal ablation and/or induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and D. H. Ruttenberg Cancer Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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45
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Liu W, Yuan XG, Wang LG, Liu ZQ, Wang R. Human movement characteristics of target acquisition. Space Med Med Eng (Beijing) 2001; 14:313-7. [PMID: 11842845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective. This paper deals with the problem of human movement characteristics of target acquisition. Method. A hypothetical model was posed by using experimental data. Result. The conception of final target size was put forward, an equation for calculating the movement time of target acquisition was obtained, and a new definition of index of difficulty was given. Conclusion. Analysis of experimental data showed that this equation could give a better description of target acquisition in a wide range.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Dept. of Flight Vehicle Design and Applied Mechanics, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing
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46
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Abstract
Empiric combinations of vinca alkaloids with taxanes have been recently used in clinical oncology. To enhance the activity of these two classes of agents, we evaluated the sequence and duration of exposure, looking for synergistic effects. Cell lines DU 145, PC 3, LnCaP, LL 86, MCF7wt, and MCF7/ADR (NCI/ADR-RES) were incubated with varying concentrations of paclitaxel or vinorelbine. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by a semiautomated MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. Synergism or antagonism of these two agents either sequentially or in combination was determined by median effect analysis. Prolonged exposure of cells to either drug enhanced cytotoxic effect. Synergism or antagonism with vinorelbine and paclitaxel were both sequence dependent and cell line specific. In the case of MCF7wt, synergism was seen when a 48-hr exposure to vinorelbine preceded paclitaxel, whereas antagonism was noted when both agents were applied simultaneously or when the sequence was reversed. Concurrent vinorelbine and paclitaxel were synergistic in four of six cell lines when the exposure was extended to 96 hr but not for shorter durations of exposure. Sequential exposure of vinorelbine preceding paclitaxel or prolonged exposure to both agents concurrently needs to be tested clinically to determine whether the antitumor activity of this combination can be enhanced. In addition, these studies suggest concurrent administration of these two agents may lead to a less than optimal cytotoxic result.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Budman
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, New York University School of Medicine, Manhasset, USA
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Sun CY, Xao F, Dou SY, Wang LG, Shi M. [Physical parameter measurement and quality assurance of X-knife]. Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi 2000; 24:227-234. [PMID: 12583140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of X-knife with linear accelerator, the results and the methods used in physical parameter measurement, are introduced in this paper. We also discusses some problems about quality control. It is proved that our results can be used in X-knife treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Sun
- Radiotherapy Center, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University
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Huang Y, Jin XG, Wang LG, Hu YY, Shi XY. [Material selection and structural design of simulated space module for field]. Space Med Med Eng (Beijing) 2000; 13:48-51. [PMID: 12214611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To select the suitable material for the structure of simulated space cabin to meet the special requirements which the unitary metallic material cannot do. METHOD The structural material was selected through comparison between the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) and a few conventional metallic materials. The content and arrangement of the fibers in the composite material were suitably designed according to load condition and structural shape of the cabin. RESULT High strength and high stiffness, light weight, anti-fatigue and shock proof were achieved for the whole module structure. It meets the medical and hygienic standard for hazardous gases. CONCLUSION The structural design of fiber glass reinforced plastics composite module was proved to be successful. It reduced the weight of the module body, and increased the strength and toughness of the whole module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- Institute of Space Medico-Engineering, Beijing, China
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Wang LG, Liu XM, Budman DR, Kreis W. Synergistic effect of estramustine and [3'-keto-Bmtl]-[Val2]-cyclosporine (PSC 833) on the inhibition of androgen receptor phosphorylation in LNCaP cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1999; 58:1115-21. [PMID: 10484069 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Estramustine phosphate has been used frequently alone or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Estramustine is one of the major active metabolites of estramustine phosphate in vivo. We recently demonstrated that estramustine acts as an androgen antagonist, and the combination of estramustine with [3'-keto-Bmtl]-[Val2]-cyclosporine (PSC 833) results in synergistic cytotoxicity. Unlike other regulators of microtubules, such as paclitaxel, the present study demonstrated that estramustine alone or in combination with PSC 833 did not induce bcl-2 phosphorylation in LNCaP cells. No synergism between estramustine and PSC 833 in the induction of bcl-2 phosphorylation was obtained in MCF-7 cells exposed for 16 hr to estramustine (5-15 microM) and PSC 833 (5 microM). A significant synergistic antiandrogenic effect as measured by the inhibition of dihydrotestosterone-induced reporter gene luciferase expression in both wild-type and mutated androgen receptor (AR) cDNA-transfected HeLa cells was observed when the cells were exposed to estramustine and PSC 833. Treatment of LNCaP cells with estramustine alone (5-15 microM) resulted in a decrease of AR expression and phosphorylation. This effect was enhanced markedly by PSC 833. A strong correlation between AR phosphorylation and expression of the AR target gene PSA was obtained in dihydrotestosterone-stimulated LNCaP cells. The up-regulated PSA expression is a function of the level of the phosphorylated AR (r = 0.9814), but not the dephosphorylated form of the receptor protein (r = 0.4808). Thus, our studies suggest that the synergism between estramustine and PSC 833 in LNCaP cells is a consequence of inhibition of AR expression and phosphorylation, thus leading to interruption of AR-mediated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Wang
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset 11030, USA
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50
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Abstract
PURPOSE Microtubules are important cytoskeletal components involved in many cellular events. Antimicrotubule agents including polymerizing agents (paclitaxel and docetaxel) and depolymerizing drugs (vincristine, vinorelbine, and estramustine phosphate) are widely used either alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs. These antimicrotubule agents are promoters of apoptosis in cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the role of bcl-2 family genes in the regulation of apoptosis, and summarize effects of microtubule targeting agents on apoptotic signal transduction pathways. CONCLUSION Disruption of microtubule structure by antimicrotubule drugs results in induction of tumor suppressor gene p53 and inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, p21WAF1/CIP1 (p21), and activation/inactivation of several protein kinases including Ras/Raf, PKC/PKA I/II, MAP kinases, and p34cdc2. These protein kinases are associated directly or indirectly with phosphorylation of bcl-2. Phosphorylation of bcl-2 and the elevations of p53 and p21 lead to apoptosis. New pathways of antitumor agents could be directed at this p53, p21 and bcl-2/bax function, and may enhance the effect of existing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Wang
- Don Monti Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
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