Complex care for children with chronic diseases from the perspective of care management

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the actions developed in hospitals for children with chronic diseases from the perspective of care management.

METHOD

Qualitative research, conducted with 14 health professionals from pediatric units in two northeastern hospitals, between November 2018 and March 2019, through semi-structured interviews. The empirical material was interpreted by thematic inductive analysis considering the care management construct.

RESULTS

The actions of the multi-professional team are fragmented, making it challenging to prepare and involve the family in care and not always responding to the child's unique and complex demands. The insufficient number of professionals, lack of material resources and inadequate infrastructure of hospital services reflect in the care practice, generating work overload and inadequate actions.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

Care management is an indispensable tool in coping with chronic childhood illnesses. The actions carried out by the multi-professional teams in hospitals must develop support to expand the care.

Professional Care in Home for Children and Teenagers with Special Health Needs: An Integrative Review

Objective: Analyzing the results of scientific publications on professional home care for children and teenagers with special health needs. Materials and method: An integrative review with articles published between 2009 and 2020 conducted in the BDEnf, Lilacs, Medline/PubMed databases and in the SciELO electronic library. The data were analyzed in four stages: data reduction; display of the data; comparison of data; drawing and verification of completion. Results: There were identified 5,641 articles; after the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria and disposal of duplicates, 637 articles were chosen for the reading of titles and abstracts, of which 61 were selected for full reading and of these, 28 composed the final sample. The offer of remote support actions and concern in training caregivers regarding the technical-scientific aspects of home care was identified, in addition to promoting the improvement of the quality of life of children/teenagers and their families. A gap was evidenced regarding the identification and management of pain by home service professionals. Conclusions: The performance of home services to this specific population focuses on the demands of care with health technologies and on promoting symptom relief, reducing the workload of caregivers and assisting in dehospitalization.

Atenção terciária à criança com doença crônica na perspectiva da gestão do cuidado

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as ações desenvolvidas na atenção terciária à criança com doença crônica na perspetiva da gestão do cuidado. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 14 profissionais da saúde de unidades pediátricas de dois hospitais nordestinos, entre novembro de 2018 e março de 2019, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. O material empírico foi interpretado por análise temática indutiva à luz da gestão do cuidado. Resultados: As ações das equipes multiprofissionais apresentam-se fragmentadas, dificultando o preparo e o envolvimento da família no cuidado e nem sempre respondendo às demandas singulares e complexas da criança. O número insuficiente de profissionais, falta de insumos e infraestruturas inadequadas dos serviços hospitalares refletem na prática assistencial gerando sobrecarga de trabalho e ações desarticuladas. Considerações finais: A gestão do cuidado contribui para a reestruturação dos processos de trabalho no hospital para que as ações da equipe atendam às demandas singulares e complexas dessa população.

Self-management support of adolescents with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the light of healthcare management

OBJECTIVES

to analyze the self-management support needs of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

METHODS

this qualitative research was carried out between September and December 2017 with nine adolescents in the pediatric outpatient clinic of a university hospital and in their homes. The material collected through semi-structured interviews was interpreted by thematic inductive analysis in the light of the healthcare management concept.

RESULTS

adolescents' self-management support needs include longitudinal monitoring by health teams; family support in their training; support from the social network; and a careful look by government officials in the construction of guidelines for dispensing the essential inputs for treatment. However, these needs are not always met satisfactorily, resulting in gaps in this support.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

these gaps interfere in resolving health demands. Self-care with fragmented support affects the healthcare management dimensions, making it impossible to meet the uniqueness of adolescents in a comprehensive, expanded and ethical way.

Nursing consultations to children in primary health care: a feedback of researched data

OBJECTIVE

To report the results of a dissertation developed with nurses who perform childcare consultations in Family Health Units in a Health District of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

METHODS

Experience report of the presentation and interpretation of the research results, in 2018, with 42 nurses, using the conversation strategy with two focus groups.

RESULTS

The nurses showed disappointment with the negative results evidenced in the study's feedback, but they highlighted the importance of this moment for discussion and reflection of their practices, thus arousing the interest in qualifying the child's health care.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

This study achieved the objective of promoting the dissemination of the findings of a research, coupled with the social and ethical commitment to return to the nurses and participating services with the feedback of the research results to improve the reality in which they work.

Gestão do Diabetes Tipo 1: necessidades de autocuidado apoiado na transição para adolescência

Analisar as necessidades de autocuidado apoiado para a gestão do diabetes tipo 1 na transição da infância para adolescência. Pesquisa qualitativa mediada pela entrevista semiestruturada com nove pré-adolescentes atendidos em ambulatório e Unidades de Saúde da Família da Paraíba entre setembro/dezembro de 2016. Os dados foram interpretados pela análise temática. Os pré-adolescentes necessitam além do conhecimento para o manejo e a gestão da doença nos espaços que frequenta cotidianamente, do apoio da família e da rede social na transição do cuidado. A equipe multiprofissional de saúde não tem utilizado o autocuidado apoiado singular na gestão do diabetes e a da atenção primária não tem acolhido suas necessidades, fragilizando vínculos com a rede de cuidados. As necessidades para o autocuidado no diabetes versam sobre conhecimento da doença, e as relações estabelecidas com a rede de apoio social como a família, equipe multiprofissional e a escola.

SUPPORTED SELF-CARE ACTIONS FOR CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze actions of Primary Health Care teams from the perspective of supported self-care for children and adolescents with chronic diseases. Method: a qualitative study, conducted between April and August 2016, with 11 primary care professionals from a municipality of Paraíba, Brazil. A semi-structured interview supported data collection; and a thematic analysis backed interpretation, which categorized the actions according to the 5 A ́s methodology (Evaluation, Guidance, Agreement, Assistance, Follow-up). Results: there were insufficient actions in the specific care plans. Isolated interventions are performed including: assessment of barriers to self-care and emotional state of the individual; provision of information on signs, symptoms of disease and treatment; stimulating the search for community resources; actions inherent to professional training; and follow-up by active search and home visits. Conclusions: actions in Primary Health Care do not yet value the active and co-responsible role of the individual in the control of their disease, with gaps to be overcome in the five pillars of supported self-care. Intervention studies are recommended that train professionals regarding supported self-care of these individuals.

Self-care support for the management of type 1 diabetes during the transition from childhood to adolescence

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the needs of pre-adolescents with type 1 diabetes regarding self-care support for disease management. Method: Qualitative study conducted between October and December 2016 with pre-adolescents seen at a hospital outpatient clinic and at Family Health Units; semi-structured interviews were used. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis based on the theoretical basis of self-care support. Results: Nine pre-adolescents participated in the study. It was identified that in order to build self-efficacy, pre-adolescents need to overcome the disease denial phase, know how to handle feelings triggered by the need for lifestyle changes, receive support from their families and social networks, and have the self-awareness and self-perception needed to feel secure in managing their diabetes. Conclusion: The intrinsic challenges of adolescence and the way pre-adolescents with diabetes handle the disease have an influence on diabetes management and create needs that must be appreciated by health care professionals in order to provide self-care support.

Paternal care to children and adolescent with chronic disease: maternal perception

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the maternal perception about the paternal care and to understand how this care Is made effective In practical actions in the care of the child/adolescent with chronic disease in the family routine.

METHODS

Exploratory-descriptive, qualitative study, carried out at the pediatric outpatient clinic of a public hospital in the state of Paraíba, between November/2013 and April/2014, with 10 mothers whose children had more than six months of diagnosis. Semi-structured interview subsidized the data collection, which was submitted to thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Parents participated in activities such as routine care of the child, medication management, leisure, binomial support and household chores. They took on different roles in the care depending on the availability of time and the maternal freedom given for their participation. Among the separated couples, the distance between parents in the care reflected on the child's health.

CONCLUSION

It is important to involve fathers in the care of the child with chronic diseases. However, there is a need for a greater involvement of fathers in the performance of this care.

Supported self-care for children and adolescents with chronic disease and their families

ABSTRACT Objective: analyze the scientific production between 2006 and 2015 on strategies for supported self-care by children and adolescents with chronic disease and their families. Method: integrative review of the literature conducted July and August 2016 in the databases: BDENF, LILACS, IBECS, ADOLEC, MEDLINE/PubMed and SCIELO. The 27 selected studies were analyzed and categorized into the five pillars of supported self-care: evaluation, counseling, agreement, care and accompaniment. Results: only two studies covered all five pillars, evaluation was considered most, but accompaniment was essential for adherence to the therapeutics of the goal plan. There was a prevalence of actions to evaluate the emotional state of the child/adolescent/family and technological interventions to empower the individual in self-care. Final considerations: these actions are concentrated in countries with health systems directed to the health needs of people with chronic disease. In Brazil, this is still incipient, since the actions are focused on exacerbation.

Chronic disease in childhood and adolescence: continuity of care in the Health Care Network

abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the continuity of care for children and adolescents with chronic diseases in the health care network. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted between February and October 2013 with 12 families, six health managers, and 14 health professionals from different health care services in a municipality of the state of Paraíba, Brazil, using focal groups, semi-structured interviews, and medical record consultation. The data were analyzed by triangulation and thematic analysis. RESULTS Two categories were created: “health care management” and “(dis)continuity of care.” We found gaps in the system, including poor data recording aimed to facilitate follow-up and guide the planning actions as well as sporadic and discoordinate services with a limited flow of information, which hinders follow-up over time. CONCLUSION Continuity of care in the health care network is limited and creates the need to develop strategies to improve these services.

Validação de Diagnósticos de Enfermagem da CIPE® para assistência às mulheres no período pós-parto

A validação de nomenclatura possibilita uma contribuição no cuidado prestado pela Enfermagem, estimulando e direcionando mudanças necessárias para a melhoria da qualidade da atenção à saúde da mulher.  O estudo objetivou validar afirmativas de Diagnósticos de Enfermagem da CIPE® para a assistência de enfermagem às mulheres no período pós-parto. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, composto por três etapas: seleção das afirmativas, análise semântica e cálculo do Índice de Concordância. A amostra foi composta por 12 experts em Enfermagem Obstétrica e utilizou-se um instrumento contendo itens de interesse da investigação. Foram validados 30 (88,23%) Diagnósticos de Enfermagem da CIPE®, sendo apenas quatro não validados. O estudo evidenciou a necessidade de se investigar e atualizar os termos da CIPE®permanentemente. Além disso, a proposta e tendência de utilização de prontuários eletrônicos nas instituições de saúde apontam para a necessidade de validar, uniformizar e legitimar Diagnósticos de Enfermagem para a prática clínica.