1
|
Schwarz C, Bauer D, Dorn L, Jachs M, Hartl L, Chromy D, Weseslindtner L, Pfisterer N, Hennlich B, Stückler A, Strassl R, Voill-Glaninger A, Hübl W, Willheim M, Köhrer K, Jansen-Skoupy S, Tomez S, Krugluger W, Madl C, Schwarz M, Balcar L, Semmler G, Brinkmann L, Burghart L, Antonitsch L, Weidinger G, Riedl F, Laferl H, Kurteva V, Traugott M, Hind J, Wenisch C, Aburaia A, Sebesta C, Schmid D, Rothweiler S, Remetic J, Gschwantler M, Maieron A, Reiberger T. ELIMINATE: a PCR record-based macroelimination project for systematic recall of HCV-RNA-positive persons in Austria. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2024; 136:278-288. [PMID: 37773541 PMCID: PMC11078856 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Micro-elimination projects targeted to specific hepatitis C virus (HCV) risk populations have been successful. Systematic identification of persons with HCV viremia, regardless of risk group, based on already available laboratory records may represent an effective macroelimination approach to achieve global HCV elimination. METHODS Persons with a last positive HCV-RNA PCR result between 2008-2020 in the reference virology laboratories in eastern Austria were identified. First, (i) we described their demographic characteristics, (ii) we systematically recalled persons to the respective centers and (iii) started antiviral treatment if HCV-RNA viremia was confirmed, and (iv) recorded sustained virologic response (SVR). This interim report includes the preliminary results from 8 participating centers. RESULTS During the study period 22,682 persons underwent HCV-RNA PCR testing, 11,216 (49.4%) were positive at any point in time, and 6006 (26.5%) showed detectable HCV-RNA at the last PCR test, suggesting ongoing HCV viremia. At the time of this interim report, 2546/6006 HCV-RNA PCR(+) persons were evaluated: 443/2546 (17.4%) had died, 852/2546 (33.5%) had invalid contact data, and 547/2546 (21.5%) had achieved SVR between data retrieval and recall. Contact could be established in 236/704 (33.5%) of the remaining target population with 97/236 (41.1%) presenting at the clinic for treatment evaluation. Ultimately, 71/236 (30.1%) started antiviral treatment and SVR was documented in 47/71 (66.2%). CONCLUSION This ELIMINATE project based on systematic assessment of HCV-RNA PCR-records, identified 6006 persons with potential persisting HCV viremia. Invalid contact data and missed visits for treatment evaluation were the main barriers towards HCV elimination within this project. Importantly, many subjects with HCV viremia lost to follow-up were successfully linked to care and started antiviral treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schwarz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna HIV & Liver Study Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Bauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna HIV & Liver Study Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | - Livia Dorn
- Internal Medicine 2, Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Rheumatology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital of St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Mathias Jachs
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna HIV & Liver Study Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Hartl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna HIV & Liver Study Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Chromy
- Vienna HIV & Liver Study Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nikolaus Pfisterer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna HIV & Liver Study Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Landstraße, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Hennlich
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Landstraße, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika Stückler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Landstraße, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Strassl
- Clinical Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang Hübl
- Central Laboratory, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Willheim
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Karin Köhrer
- Institute of Medical-Chemical and Molecularbiological Laboratory Diagnostics with Blood Depot, Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | | | - Sabine Tomez
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine with Blood Depot, Klinik Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Krugluger
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine with Blood Depot, Klinik Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Blood Depot, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Madl
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Landstraße, Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schwarz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna HIV & Liver Study Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Balcar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna HIV & Liver Study Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Semmler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna HIV & Liver Study Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonard Brinkmann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna HIV & Liver Study Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Burghart
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna HIV & Liver Study Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Antonitsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Gerhard Weidinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Florian Riedl
- Internal Medicine 2, Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Rheumatology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital of St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Hermann Laferl
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vesselina Kurteva
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianna Traugott
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Hind
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Wenisch
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Abdelrahman Aburaia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Sebesta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinik Donaustadt, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Schmid
- Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit GmbH (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Michael Gschwantler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Maieron
- Internal Medicine 2, Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Rheumatology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital of St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Thomas Reiberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Vienna HIV & Liver Study Group, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schwarz M, Schwarz C, Schütz A, Schwanke C, Krabb E, Schubert R, Liebich ST, Bauer D, Burghart L, Brinkmann L, Gutic E, Reiberger T, Haltmayer H, Gschwantler M. Combining treatment for chronic hepatitis C with opioid agonist therapy is an effective microelimination strategy for people who inject drugs with high risk of non-adherence to antiviral therapy. J Virus Erad 2023; 9:100319. [PMID: 36970063 PMCID: PMC10036924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2023.100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Despite effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence is high among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) and non-adherence to therapy remains a major obstacle towards HCV elimination in this subpopulation. To overcome this issue, we have combined ongoing opioid agonist therapy (OAT) with DAAs in a directly-observed therapy (DOT) setting. Method From September 2014 until January 2021 PWIDs at high risk of non-adherence to DAA therapy, who were also on OAT, were included into this microelimination project. Individuals received their OAT and DAAs under supervision of healthcare workers as DOT in a pharmacy or low-threshold facility. Results In total, 504 HCV RNA-positive PWIDs on OAT (387 men, 76.8%; median age: 38 years [IQR 33-45], HIV: 4.6%; hepatitis B: 1.4%) were included into this study. Two thirds reported ongoing intravenous drug use (IDU) and half of them had no permanent housing. Only 41 (8.1%) were lost to follow-up and two (0.4%) died of reasons unrelated to DAA toxicity. Overall, 90.7% of PWIDs achieved sustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12) (95% CI: 88.1-93.2%). By excluding those lost to follow-up and hose who had died of causes unrelated to DAAs, the SVR12 rate was 99.1% (95% CI: 98.3-100.0%; modified intention-to-treat analysis). Four PWIDs (0.9%) experienced treatment failure. Over a median follow-up of 24 weeks (IQR 12-39), 27 reinfections (5.9%) were observed in individuals with the highest IDU rates (81.2%). Importantly, even though some were lost to follow-up, all completed their DAA treatment. By using DOT, adherence to DAAs was excellent with only a total of 86 missed doses (0.3% of 25,224 doses). Conclusions In this difficult-to-treat population of PWIDs with high rates of IDU , coupling DAA treatment to OAT in a DOT setting resulted in high SVR12 rates equivalent to conventional treatment settings in non-PWID populations.
Collapse
|
3
|
Brinkmann L, Gezerli D, Kleist KV, Müller TF, Rahwan I, Pescetelli N. Hybrid social learning in human-algorithm cultural transmission. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 380:20200426. [PMID: 35599570 PMCID: PMC9126184 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Humans are impressive social learners. Researchers of cultural evolution have studied the many biases shaping cultural transmission by selecting who we copy from and what we copy. One hypothesis is that with the advent of superhuman algorithms a hybrid type of cultural transmission, namely from algorithms to humans, may have long-lasting effects on human culture. We suggest that algorithms might show (either by learning or by design) different behaviours, biases and problem-solving abilities than their human counterparts. In turn, algorithmic-human hybrid problem solving could foster better decisions in environments where diversity in problem-solving strategies is beneficial. This study asks whether algorithms with complementary biases to humans can boost performance in a carefully controlled planning task, and whether humans further transmit algorithmic behaviours to other humans. We conducted a large behavioural study and an agent-based simulation to test the performance of transmission chains with human and algorithmic players. We show that the algorithm boosts the performance of immediately following participants but this gain is quickly lost for participants further down the chain. Our findings suggest that algorithms can improve performance, but human bias may hinder algorithmic solutions from being preserved. This article is part of the theme issue 'Emergent phenomena in complex physical and socio-technical systems: from cells to societies'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Brinkmann
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - D. Gezerli
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - K. V. Kleist
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - T. F. Müller
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - I. Rahwan
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - N. Pescetelli
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brinkmann L, Gezerli D, Kleist KV, Müller TF, Rahwan I, Pescetelli N. Hybrid social learning in human-algorithm cultural transmission. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2022. [PMID: 35599570 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5885349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Humans are impressive social learners. Researchers of cultural evolution have studied the many biases shaping cultural transmission by selecting who we copy from and what we copy. One hypothesis is that with the advent of superhuman algorithms a hybrid type of cultural transmission, namely from algorithms to humans, may have long-lasting effects on human culture. We suggest that algorithms might show (either by learning or by design) different behaviours, biases and problem-solving abilities than their human counterparts. In turn, algorithmic-human hybrid problem solving could foster better decisions in environments where diversity in problem-solving strategies is beneficial. This study asks whether algorithms with complementary biases to humans can boost performance in a carefully controlled planning task, and whether humans further transmit algorithmic behaviours to other humans. We conducted a large behavioural study and an agent-based simulation to test the performance of transmission chains with human and algorithmic players. We show that the algorithm boosts the performance of immediately following participants but this gain is quickly lost for participants further down the chain. Our findings suggest that algorithms can improve performance, but human bias may hinder algorithmic solutions from being preserved. This article is part of the theme issue 'Emergent phenomena in complex physical and socio-technical systems: from cells to societies'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Brinkmann
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - D Gezerli
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - K V Kleist
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - T F Müller
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - I Rahwan
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - N Pescetelli
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Enke N, Runa R, Brinkmann L, Südekum KH, Tholen E, Gerken M. Preference and discrimination behaviour of llamas to saline drinking water. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Neumeister P, Gathmann B, Hofmann D, Feldker K, Heitmann CY, Brinkmann L, Straube T. Neural correlates of trauma-related single word processing in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychol 2018; 138:172-178. [PMID: 30253231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Interpersonal violence (IPV) is one of the most frequent causes for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women. One key component in PTSD is altered processing of trauma-related cues, leading to emotional symptoms. In the everyday environment, words with trauma-associated semantic content represent typical, albeit abstract, trauma-related stimuli for patients suffering from PTSD. However, the functional neuroanatomy associated with processing single trauma-related words in IPV-PTSD is not understood. The present event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated the neural basis of trauma-related word processing in women with IPV-PTSD relative to healthy controls (HC) during a non-emotional vigilance task in which the emotional content of the words was task-irrelevant. On the behavioral level, trauma-related relative to neutral word stimuli evoked more unpleasant feelings, higher arousal as well as anxiety in IPV-PTSD patients as compared to HC. Functional imaging data showed hyperactivation to trauma-related versus neutral words in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and cortical language-processing regions (inferior frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, angular/supramarginal gyrus) in IPV-PTSD compared to HC. These results propose a role of the BLA in hypervigilant responding to verbal trauma associated cues in IPV-PTSD. Furthermore, the particular involvement of cortical language-processing regions indicates enhanced processing of trauma-related words in brain regions associated with analysis and memory of verbal material. Taken together, our findings suggest that both subcortical and cortical mechanisms contribute to automatic responsivity to verbal trauma cues in PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Neumeister
- University Hospital Muenster, Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, Muenster, Germany
| | - B Gathmann
- University Hospital Muenster, Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, Muenster, Germany
| | - D Hofmann
- University Hospital Muenster, Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, Muenster, Germany.
| | - K Feldker
- University Hospital Muenster, Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, Muenster, Germany
| | - C Y Heitmann
- University Hospital Muenster, Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, Muenster, Germany
| | - L Brinkmann
- University Hospital Muenster, Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, Muenster, Germany
| | - T Straube
- University Hospital Muenster, Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Neumeister P, Feldker K, Heitmann CY, Buff C, Brinkmann L, Bruchmann M, Straube T. Specific amygdala response to masked fearful faces in post-traumatic stress relative to other anxiety disorders. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1209-1217. [PMID: 28950918 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered amygdala activation to fear-related stimuli has been proposed to be a potential neural correlate of heightened threat sensitivity in anxiety- and stress-related disorders. However, the role of stimulus awareness and disorder specificity remains widely unclear. Here we investigated amygdala responses to conscious and unconscious fearful faces in patients suffering from panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and in a large sample of healthy controls (HC). METHODS During event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging participants (n = 120; 20 PD, 20 GAD, 20 PTSD, 60 HC) were confronted with briefly presented fearful faces, neutral faces, and non-faces in a backward masking paradigm. The design allowed for the analysis of trial-by-trial face detection performance and amygdala responses to fearful v. neutral faces. RESULTS All participants exhibited increased amygdala activation to fearful v. neutral faces during conscious trials. Specifically during unconscious face processing, the PTSD, compared with all other groups, showed higher right basolateral (BLA) amygdala activity to fearful v. neutral faces. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that BLA amygdala hyperactivity during unconscious, but not conscious, processing of fearful faces differentiates PTSD from the investigated disorders. This finding suggests an automatic and specific neural hyper-responsivity to general fear cues in PTSD and supports the idea of categorical differences between PTSD and other anxiety-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Neumeister
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University Hospital Muenster,Muenster,Germany
| | - K Feldker
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University Hospital Muenster,Muenster,Germany
| | - C Y Heitmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University Hospital Muenster,Muenster,Germany
| | - C Buff
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University Hospital Muenster,Muenster,Germany
| | - L Brinkmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University Hospital Muenster,Muenster,Germany
| | - M Bruchmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University Hospital Muenster,Muenster,Germany
| | - T Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University Hospital Muenster,Muenster,Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worrying has been suggested to prevent emotional and elaborative processing of fears. In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients are exposed to their fears during the method of directed threat imagery by inducing emotional reactivity. However, studies investigating neural correlates of directed threat imagery and emotional reactivity in GAD patients are lacking. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study aimed at delineating neural correlates of directed threat imagery in GAD patients. METHOD Nineteen GAD patients and 19 healthy controls (HC) were exposed to narrative scripts of either disorder-related or neutral content and were encouraged to imagine it as vividly as possible. RESULTS Rating results showed that GAD patients experienced disorder-related scripts as more anxiety inducing and arousing than HC. These results were also reflected in fMRI data: Disorder-related v. neutral scripts elicited elevated activity in the amygdala, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the thalamus as well as reduced activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex/subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in GAD patients relative to HC. CONCLUSION The present study presents the first behavioral and neural evidence for emotional reactivity during directed threat imagery in GAD. The brain activity pattern suggests an involvement of a fear processing network as a neural correlate of initial exposure during directed imagery in CBT in GAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Buff
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Muenster,Germany
| | - C Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Muenster,Germany
| | - L Brinkmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Muenster,Germany
| | - B Gathmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Muenster,Germany
| | - S Tupak
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Muenster,Germany
| | - T Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Muenster,Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brinkmann L, Buff C, Feldker K, Tupak SV, Becker MPI, Herrmann MJ, Straube T. Distinct phasic and sustained brain responses and connectivity of amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis during threat anticipation in panic disorder. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2675-2688. [PMID: 28485259 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panic disorder (PD) patients are constantly concerned about future panic attacks and exhibit general hypersensitivity to unpredictable threat. We aimed to reveal phasic and sustained brain responses and functional connectivity of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) during threat anticipation in PD. METHODS Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated 17 PD patients and 19 healthy controls (HC) during anticipation of temporally unpredictable aversive and neutral sounds. We used a phasic and sustained analysis model to disentangle temporally dissociable brain activations. RESULTS PD patients compared with HC showed phasic amygdala and sustained BNST responses during anticipation of aversive v. neutral stimuli. Furthermore, increased phasic activation was observed in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Insula and PFC also showed sustained activation. Functional connectivity analyses revealed partly distinct phasic and sustained networks. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a role for the BNST during unpredictable threat anticipation in PD and provide first evidence for dissociation between phasic amygdala and sustained BNST activation and their functional connectivity. In line with a hypersensitivity to uncertainty in PD, our results suggest time-dependent involvement of brain regions related to fear and anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Brinkmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, Muenster,Germany
| | - C Buff
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, Muenster,Germany
| | - K Feldker
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, Muenster,Germany
| | - S V Tupak
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, Muenster,Germany
| | - M P I Becker
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, Muenster,Germany
| | - M J Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy,Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Wuerzburg,Margarete-Hoeppel-Platz 1, Wuerzburg,Germany
| | - T Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, Muenster,Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brinkmann L, Gerken M, Riek A. Seasonal changes of total body water and water intake in Shetland ponies measured by an isotope dilution technique1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:3750-8. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Brinkmann
- Department of Animals Sciences, University of Göttingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - M. Gerken
- Department of Animals Sciences, University of Göttingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - A. Riek
- Department of Animals Sciences, University of Göttingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- L Brinkmann
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, HSK, Dr. Horst-Schmidt-Kliniken Wiesbaden, Deutschland
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
|
14
|
Brinkmann L, Schweizer K, Richter-Appelt H. Behandlungserfahrungen und Behandlungszufriedenheit von erwachsenen Personen mit verschiedenen Formen der Intersexualität. Psychother Psych Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-970629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
15
|
Schweizer K, Brinkmann L, Richter-Appelt H. Behandlungserfahrungen, Sexualität und Partnerschaft bei XY-Frauen – Ergebnisse der Hamburger Studie zur Intersexualität. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
16
|
Brinkmann L, Schweizer K, Richter-Appelt H. Patientinnen mit Y-Chromosom („XY-Frauen“): Empfehlungen für eine professionelle Kommunikation der Diagnose und Behandlung. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
17
|
Schweizer K, Brinkmann L, Richter-Appelt H. Geschlechtsidentität, Körpererleben und psychische Symptombelastung bei erwachsenen Personen mit verschiedenen Formen der Intersexualität. Psychother Psych Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-970714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
18
|
Klein A, Ganslandt T, Brinkmann L, Spitzer M, Ueckert F, Prokosch HU. Experiences with an interoperable data acquisition platform for multi-centric research networks based on HL7 CDA. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2006; 2006:986. [PMID: 17238605 PMCID: PMC1839685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A remote data entry (RDE) module was successfully integrated within a Web-based telemedicine system in a German multi-centric research network for a rare disease called Epidermolysis Bullosa. The use of standards like XML and HL7 CDA (Clinical Document Architecture) for structured data storage, guarantees long-term accessibility and high level interoperability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Klein
- Department of Medical Informatics, University Erlangen-Nuremburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brinkmann L, Klein A, Ganslandt T, Ückert F. Implementing a data safety and protection concept for a web-based exchange of variable medical image data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ics.2005.03.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Kim ZG, Sanli E, Brinkmann L, Lorenz M, Gutt CN. Impact of dopamine and endothelin-1 antagonism on portal venous blood flow during laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 2002; 16:1292-6. [PMID: 12023723 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-001-9208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2001] [Accepted: 01/24/2002] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data indicate that pneumoperitoneal carbondioxide (CO2) insufflation impairs hepatic macro- and microcirculation. Whether dopamine and endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonists might restore liver blood during laparoscopic surgery has not yet been investigated. METHODS For this study, 30 male WAG/Rij rats were randomized into two groups to obtain pneumoperitoneum with CO2 (n=15) or helium (n = 15). All the animals were implanted with a polyethylene-50 cannula into the right vena jugularis and a Doppler ultrasound flow probe around the portal vein. In each group, the rats were administered dopamine (n = 5); JKC-10, JKC-301, which is a selective endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonist (n = 5), or sodium chloride as a control (n = 5). Portal blood flow was measured during intraabdominal pressures 2 to 12 mmHg. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis h-test. RESULTS The application of dopamine and ET-1 antagonists significantly improved portal blood flow over that of the control animals (p <0.05). No significant differences were found between CO2 and helium insufflation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dopamine and ET-1 antagonism restore portal blood flow during laparoscopic surgery independently of the insufflation gas. Whether improved hepatic perfusion might have beneficial effects on liver function needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z-G Kim
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gutt CN, Markus B, Kim ZG, Meininger D, Brinkmann L, Heller K. Early experiences of robotic surgery in children. Surg Endosc 2002; 16:1083-6. [PMID: 12165827 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-001-9151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2001] [Accepted: 11/26/2001] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic surgery using a robotic system (Da Vinci) was recently introduced into surgical practice for adult patients. To investigate the feasibility of this system in pediatric surgery, laparoscopic fundoplication (Thal and Nissen), cholecystectomy, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. METHODS Eleven children with a mean age of 12 years (range, 7-16 years) underwent either laparoscopic anterior partial fundoplication (Thal, n = 8) or Nissen fundoplication (n = 3) for correction of gastroesophageal reflux disease in the presence of uncontrolled symptoms of regurgitation and pulmonary infection. Two children underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. One child underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy due to a gonadoblastoma. RESULTS Mean operating time for fundoplication was 146 min (range, 105-180 min), the operating times for cholecystectomy were 150 and 105 min, and that for salpingo-oophorectomy was 95 min. No complications were registered during either the robotic procedures or the postoperative courses. CONCLUSIONS Compared to conventional laparoscopy, the three-dimensional high-quality vision, advanced instrument movement, and improved ergonomic position of the surgeon appear to enhance surgical precision. Robotic surgery in children using the Da Vinci system seems to be feasible and safe. However, the technique is limited due to the fact that instruments adapted to the size of small children are not available. Furthermore, the high costs and prolonged system setup are disadvantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C N Gutt
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Allers C, Eichhorn J, Leckel K, Brinkmann L, Schmitz-Rixen T, Hanisch E, Markus BH. Tacrolimus, daclizumab, sirolimus, and budesonide after small bowel transplantation in order to reduce nephrotoxicity. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:942. [PMID: 12034251 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)02682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Allers
- Department of Surgery, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Markus BH, Brinkmann L, Allers C, Hanisch E, Eichhorn J, Stein J, Schmitz-Rixen T, Encke A. Dünndarmtransplantation bei Kurzdarmsyndrom nach fulminanter Mesenterialischämie*. Viszeralchirurgie 2001; 36:377-382. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-18332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
|
24
|
Walli R, Michl GM, Mühlbayer D, Brinkmann L, Goebel FD. Effects of troglitazone on insulin sensitivity in HIV-infected patients with protease inhibitor-associated diabetes mellitus. Res Exp Med (Berl) 2000; 199:253-62. [PMID: 10815754 DOI: 10.1007/s004330050123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is frequently associated with metabolic alterations, including insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. In this pilot study, we evaluated the effect of the PPARgamma activator troglitazone on ART-associated insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients with ART-associated diabetes mellitus. Six patients with protease inhibitor (PI)-associated diabetes mellitus, lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia were treated with troglitazone 400 mg q.d. for 3 months. Previous oral antidiabetics were discontinued prior to the study. At baseline and after 3 months, insulin sensitivity (intravenous insulin tolerance test), body composition (multifrequence bioelectrical impedance analysis) and fat distribution (CT scan quantification) were assessed. Glycaemic control (fasting and postprandial blood glucose, fructosamine, glycosylated haemoglobin) and serum lipid status were determined monthly. In four of the six patients, there was a clear improvement in insulin sensitivity, resulting in a reversal of insulin resistance in two of these patients. Overall, there was an increase in lean body mass and a decrease in total body fat. The volume of visceral adipose tissue decreased whilst the volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue increased. Total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol increased, and total triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol decreased. No adverse effects such as hepatotoxicity were observed. Treatment with troglitazone 400 mg q.d. can ameliorate and in some cases even reverse ART-associated insulin resistance. Therefore, further studies including non-diabetic patients with ART-associated insulin resistance may be helpful in evaluating the long-term effects of thiazolidinediones on ART-associated insulin resistance and other metabolic complications, such as adipose maldistribution and dyslipidaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Walli
- Infektionsambulanz, Medizinische Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|