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Tang Z, Can L, Xuan S, Chen L, Zhang J, Zhang B, Wan X, Li Z, Tang F, He Z. Unveiling the Etiology of Urological Tumors: A Systematic Review of Mendelian Randomization Applications in Renal Cell Carcinoma, Bladder Cancer, and Prostate Cancer. Urol J 2024:7970. [PMID: 38733232 DOI: 10.22037/uj.v21i.7970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aims to address two pivotal questions: "What are the recent advancements in understanding the etiology of urological tumors through Mendelian Randomization?" and "How can Mendelian Randomization be more effectively applied in clinical settings to enhance patient health outcomes in the future?" METHODS In our systematic review conducted in April 2023, we utilized databases like PubMed and Web of Science to explore the influence of Mendelian Randomization in urological oncological diseases. We focused on studies published from January 2018, employing keywords related to urological tumors and Mendelian Randomization, supplemented with MeSH terms and manual reference checks. Our inclusion criteria targeted original research studies, while we excluded reports and non-relevant articles. Data extraction followed a PICO-based approach, and bias risk was independently evaluated, with discrepancies resolved through discussion. This systematic approach adhered to PRISMA guidelines for accuracy and thoroughness in reporting. RESULTS From the initial 457 publications, we narrowed down to 43 full-text articles after screening and quality assessments.A deeper understanding of Mendelian Randomization can help us explore risk factors with a clear causal relationship to urological tumors.This insight may pave the way for future research in early diagnosis, treatment, and management of associated diseases. CONCLUSION Our review underscores the value of MR in urogenital tumor research, highlighting its efficacy in establishing causality and its potential to clarify disease mechanisms. Despite challenges like large sample sizes and variant identification, MR offers new perspectives for understanding and managing these tumors, suggesting a trend towards more inclusive and diverse research approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Tang
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong , China.
| | - Liu Can
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong , China.
| | - Sun Xuan
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong , China.
| | - Lihui Chen
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong , China.
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong , China.
| | - Binghua Zhang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong , China.
| | - Xitong Wan
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong , China.
| | - Zhibiao Li
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong , China.
| | - Fucai Tang
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong , China.
| | - Zhaohui He
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong , China.
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Li Z, Wu X, Chen S, Zhong J, Qiu X, Kpegah JKSK, Shi K, Can L, Xiangyan Z, Yin M, Xie H, Su J, Zhou J. Identification of CRKL as an oncogenic biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy in melanoma, and its potential molecular mechanism. Genomics 2023; 115:110634. [PMID: 37121446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
CRKL (CRK Like Proto-Oncogene) belongs to the Crk family and is a 39-kDa adapter protein that encodes SH2 and SH3 (src homologs) domains. To identify its oncogenic role in malignant melanoma, we investigated the association between CRKL and mutation, prognosis, tumor mutation burden, immune cell infiltration of melanoma, and explored the associations between CRKL and immunotherapy response. Our results showed that abnormal CRKL expression is associated with poor prognosis in melanoma and is significantly correlated with immune-activated pathways and processes, immune cell infiltrations, and expression of immunoregulators. Importantly, we found that CRKL expression is a predictive biomarker for anti-PD1 therapy response in melanoma patients. Furthermore, inhibiting CRKL expression in melanoma cell lines suppressed their proliferation and metastasis, as well as activated pyroptosis-related pathway. Our study provides important insights into the underlying mechanisms of melanoma pathogenesis and identifies new opportunities for targeted therapy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelin Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xianrui Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuyue Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiadong Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Julius K S K Kpegah
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liu Can
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhang Xiangyan
- Department of Nursing, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiqing Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Rehabilitation, Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Mustafa M, Ali L, Islam W, Noman A, Zhou C, Shen L, Zhu T, Can L, Nasif O, Gasparovic K, latif F, Gao J. Heterologous expression and characterization of glycoside hydrolase with its potential applications in hyperthermic environment. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:751-757. [PMID: 35197741 PMCID: PMC8847942 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With the progressive focus on renewable energy via biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass, cellulases are the key enzymes that play a fundamental role in this regard. This study aims to unravel the characteristics of Thermotoga maritima MSB8 (Tma) (a hyperthermophile from hot springs) thermostable glycoside hydrolase enzyme. Here, a glycoside hydrolase gene of Thermotoga maritima (Tma) was heterologously expressed and characterized. The gene was placed in the pQE-30 expression vector under the T5 promotor, and the construct pQE-30-Gh was then successfully integrated into Escherichia coli BL21 (DH5α) genome by transformation. Sequence of the glycoside hydrolase contained an open reading frame of 2.124 kbp, encoded a polypeptide of 721 amino acid residues. The molecular weight of the recombinant protein estimated was 79 kDa. The glycoside hydrolase was purified by Ni+2-NTA affinity chromatography and its enzymatic activity was investigated. The recombinant enzyme is highly stable within an extreme pH range (2.0–7.0) and highly thermostable at 80 °C for 72 h indicating its viability in hyperthermic environment and acidic nature. Moreover, the Ca2+ and Mn2+ introduction stimulated the residual activity of recombinant enzyme. Conclusively, the thermostable glycoside hydrolase possesses potential to be exploited for industrial applications at hyperthermic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mustafa
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Chengzeng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Linsong Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Taoting Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liu Can
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Omaima Nasif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Medical City, PO Box-2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristina Gasparovic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A.Hlinku 2, 94976, Slovakia
| | - Farooq latif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jiangtao Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Corresponding author at: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Yagmur B, Simsek E, Ozbay B, Calkavur T, Kayikcioglu M, Can L. P650 A rare form of cardiac mass: primary cardiac lymphoma. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
We declare no conflict of interest and no financial support
A rare form of cardiac mass
primary cardiac lymphoma
Introduction
Primary tumors of the heart are rare and constitute 5% of all cardiac masses. Primary cardiac lymphoma is a curable form of cancer that responds well to early diagnosis and chemotherapy.
Case report
56 year old male patient presented to our outpatient clinic with abdominal swelling. Echocardiography revealed a mass lesion that surrounded the right ventricle and restricted ventricular diastolic function. The mass lesion was poorly discernable from normal myocardial tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an infiltrative mass lesion that filled the right pericardial space, and that surrounded the junction between vena cava superior and the right atrium, as well as the root of the aorta. Subxyphoidal biopsy revealed diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Patient died on the 10th day of chemotherapy.
Discussion
Primary cardiac lymphoma constitutes only 2% of all primary cardiac tumors. Cardiac lymphomas are curable in early stages with chemotherapy without the need for surgical excision. Cardiac lymphoma should be kept in mind when faced with a cardiac mass lesion and imaging modalities such as MRI and PET scanning and tissue biopsy should be utilized before planning surgical interventions since these lesions respond well to chemotherapy
Abstract P650 Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B Ozbay
- Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - L Can
- Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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5
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Simsek E, Bayazit Y, Demir E, Kayikcioglu M, Nalbantgil S, Mogolkoc N, Can L, Kultursay H. P3558Comparison of cardiac output measurement methods for mortality prediction in pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Simsek
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Y Bayazit
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - E Demir
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M Kayikcioglu
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - S Nalbantgil
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - N Mogolkoc
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - L Can
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - H Kultursay
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey
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Kemal H, Kayikcioglu M, Can L, Nalbantgil S, Vuran O, Mogolkoc N, Kultursay H. PM245 Correlation of Right Ventricle Free Wall Strain and Right Heart Catheterization in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Glob Heart 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Saygi S, Kayikcioglu M, Yavuzgil O, Can L, Tumuklu M, Kultursay H. EFFECT OF CLOPIDOGREL ON SOLUBLE-CD40 AND HIGH-SENSITIVITY CRP LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ST ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Can L, Kayikçioğlu M, Halil H, Kültürsay H, Evrengül H, Kumanlioğlu K, Türkoglu C. The effect of myocardial surgical revascularization on left ventricular late potentials. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2006; 6:84-91. [PMID: 11333164 PMCID: PMC7027657 DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-474x.2001.tb00091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of ventricular late potentials (LP) is an important indicator for the development of ventricular tachyarrhythmias due to ischemic heart disease. The effect of myocardial revascularization on LP has remained controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether complete myocardial surgical revascularization (CABG) documented by myocardial perfusion scintigraphy might alter the substrate responsible for LP. METHODS Prospectively, enrolled patients undergoing elective CABG were evaluated with thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and signal- averaged ECG pre- and postoperatively. SAECG recordings were obtained serially: before, 48-72 hours and 3 months after CABG. LPS were defined as positive if SAECG met at least two of Gomes criteria. Scintigraphies were performed pre- and 3 months postoperatively for determination of the success of revascularization. Changes observed in SAECG recordings after CABG were compared between those with and without successful revascularization. RESULTS CABG resulted in successful revascularization in 23 patients and was unsuccessful in 17 (no change or deterioration of the perfusion defects). Preoperative SAECG values were not different between groups except for RMS values. The incidence of LP decreased significantly postoperatively in patients with improved myocardial perfusion, whereas there were no changes in patients who did not have postoperative perfusion improvement (McNemar test, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS LPs disappear following the elimination of myocardial ischemia by complete surgical revascularization. Persistence of ischemia following CABG usually results in the persistence of late potentials. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias is expected to be unchanged in these patients and they should be reevaluated for reinterventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Can
- Department of Cardiology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
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9
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Abstract
BACKGROUND P-Selectin mediates adhesive interactions between platelets, leukocytes and endothelium to form thrombi. Our purpose was to investigate plasma soluble(s) P-selectin levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (aMI) and the effect of thrombolysis on P-selectin levels. METHODS Patients with aMI within the first 6 h of chest pain were enrolled prospectively. sP-selectin levels were determined by ELISA in the plasma of patients with aMI (n=32), stable angina (n=18), and healthy controls (n=15). Samples were obtained before, 3 and 24 h after reperfusion therapy with tissue plasminogen activator. Seven patients showed recurrent angina or failure to reperfuse. RESULTS sP-selectin levels were significantly higher in aMI group than other groups (86.7+/-8.7 ng/ml, P<0.05). sP-selectin levels were similar in stable angina and control groups (28.8+/-4.4 vs. 25.4+/-7.3 ng/ml, P=NS). A significant increase in sP-selectin levels was observed 3 h after successful thrombolysis and this was followed by a decrease to near the baseline level late after reperfusion. But patients with failed reperfusion showed sustained high sP-selectin levels after 24 h of thrombolysis (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The plasma sP-selectin level is elevated in aMI and it increases further following thrombolytic therapy. This increase is probably induced by activation of endothelial cells or platelets after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion during aMI. As the elevated levels are sustained in patients with failed reperfusion, serial P-selectin levels may be used as a non-invasive indicator of successful thrombolysis in aMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kayikçioglu
- Ege University Medical School, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey.
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Can L, Kayιkçιoǧlu M, Payzin S, Kultursay H. The effect of hyperlipidemia on left internal mammary artery graft patency following coronary bypass grafting. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(01)80360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Islamoğlu F, Atay Y, Can L, Kara E, Ozbaran M, Yüksel M, Büket S. Diagnosis and treatment of concomitant aortic and coronary disease: a retrospective study and brief review. Tex Heart Inst J 1999; 26:182-8. [PMID: 10524739 PMCID: PMC325637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Coronary arteriosclerosis seriously complicates the surgical treatment of aortic diseases. The aim of our retrospective study was to determine the incidence of coronary artery disease among our surgical patients in treatment for aortic dissection or aneurysm, and to determine whether coronary intervention before aortic surgery appears to affect outcomes. Between 1 January 1993 and 1 March 1998, our center treated 253 patients for aortic dissection or aneurysm. We examined these cases retrospectively for information on diagnostic and treatment methods, both for the aortic lesions and for concomitant coronary arteriosclerosis. Aortic dissection had been detected in 86 (33.9%) patients and aortic aneurysm in 167 (66.1%). Coronary angiography was performed to search for concomitant coronary artery disease in 29 (33.8%) patients with dissection and in 112 (67.1%) patients with aneurysm; of these, 11 (12. 7%) and 54 (32.3%), respectively, were found to have coronary disease. Among 43 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm in whom coronary angiography was performed, concomitant coronary disease was detected in 36 (83.7%). Coronary artery bypass surgery was performed in 10 patients who had dissection and in 30 patients who had aneurysm; percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed in 7 patients who had aneurysm. Perioperative mortality rates in the dissection and aneurysm groups, overall, were 23.2% and 13.8%, respectively Unfortunately, the prospective, random clinical study that would be necessary to prove the case for or against preoperative coronary angiography among subsets of patients in need of aortic repair would raise ethical questions, given the strength of the information already in our possession, gathered by less formal methods. Our study reinforces existing evidence that preoperative angiography can reduce mortality and morbidity in the elective repair of aortic aneurysm, especially thoracic or abdominal aneurysm. However, angiography should not be performed routinely in cases of aortic dissection and should be withheld in cases of type A dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Islamoğlu
- The Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Atay Y, Can L, Yağdi T, Büket S. Aortopulmonary artery fistula. Presenting with congestive heart failure in a patient with aortic dissection. Tex Heart Inst J 1998; 25:72-4. [PMID: 9566068 PMCID: PMC325506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although it is a rare occurrence, aortic dissections can rupture into the cardiac chambers or great vessels. A review of the English literature revealed only 3 cases of fistula between an aortic false lumen and the main pulmonary artery that were repaired successfully. In this article, we report the case of a chronic type I aortic dissection with an aortopulmonary artery fistula. The patient presented with congestive heart failure. One year earlier he had undergone aortic valve replacement. To our knowledge, this is the 4th case of a successfully repaired type I aortic dissection with rupture into the pulmonary artery and the 1st such case involving a patient who had undergone a previous cardiac operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Atay
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Abstract
Takayasu arteritis is a non-specific inflammatory process of unknown etiology affecting the aorta and its branches. A retrospective study was done in 14 patients diagnosed as Takayasu arteritis. Eleven patients were female and three were male. Ages ranged from 12 to 30 years. Seven patients had type I arteritis, three patients type II arteritis, and four patients type III Takayasu arteritis. Successful angioplasty was performed in five cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Türkoğlu
- Department of Cardiology and Radiology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Abstract
A 34-year-old man presenting with angina both at rest and on exertion was investigated. He developed severe ST segment elevation and a brief period of ventricular tachycardia during an exercise tolerance test. On coronary angiography, 60% fixed luminal narrowing was observed in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery and a severe spasm developed at this site, leading to temporary total occlusion of the vessel. Successful coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed on this lesion, with a residual 15% narrowing. However, the patient had a recurrence of angina 3 weeks later, despite being administered high doses of nitrate and calcium antagonist. During control angiography, the lesion severity was unchanged, but spasm developed again following contrast injection. At this time, a Palmaz-Schatz stent was implanted. Calcium antagonist, nitrate, Ticlopidine and low molecular weight heparin therapy was started. There was no recurrence of symptoms during a 3-month follow-up. The exercise tolerance test, and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy findings were normal and the stent was patent without restenosis at the end of the 3-month follow-up. Intracoronary stent implantation for persistent coronary spasm refractory to conventional medical therapy can be considered a feasible and attractive treatment modality for the control of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kültürsay
- Ege University, medical School, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey
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