Cohort profile: the ChicagO Multiethnic Prevention and Surveillance Study (COMPASS)

PURPOSE

The ChicagO Multiethnic Prevention and Surveillance Study or 'COMPASS' is a population-based cohort study with a goal to examine the risk and determinants of cancer and chronic disease. COMPASS aims to address factors causing and/or exacerbating health disparities using a precision health approach by recruiting diverse participants in Chicago, with an emphasis on those historically underrepresented in biomedical research.

PARTICIPANTS

Nearly 8000 participants have been recruited from 72 of the 77 Chicago community areas. Enrolment entails the completion of a 1-hour long survey, consenting for past and future medical records from all sources, the collection of clinical and physical measurement data and the on-site collection of biological samples including blood, urine and saliva. Indoor air monitoring data and stool samples are being collected from a subset of participants. On collection, all biological samples are processed and aliquoted within 24 hours before long-term storage and subsequent analysis.

FINDINGS TO DATE

The cohort reported an average age of 53.7 years, while 80.5% identified as African-American, 5.7% as Hispanic and 47.8% as men. Over 50% reported earning less than US$15 000 yearly, 35% were obese and 47.8% were current smokers. Moreover, 38% self-reported having had a diagnosis of hypertension, while 66.4% were measured as hypertensive at enrolment.

FUTURE PLANS

We plan to expand recruitment up to 100 000 participants from the Chicago metropolitan area in the next decade using a hybrid community and clinic-based recruitment framework that incorporates data collection through mobile medical units. Follow-up data collection from current cohort members will include serial samples, as well as longitudinal health, lifestyle and behavioural assessment. We will supplement self-reported data with electronic medical records, expand the collection of biometrics and biosamples to facilitate increasing digital epidemiological study designs and link to state and/or national level databases to ascertain outcomes. The results and findings will inform potential opportunities for precision disease prevention and mitigation in Chicago and other urban areas with a diverse population.

REGISTRATION

NA.

Race may modify the association between blood type and COVID-19 infection

This study aims to investigate the race/ethnicity-specific association between blood type and COVID-19 susceptibility during March, 2020 and December, 2021 using data from the electronic health record at the University of Chicago Medicine. The study population was stratified into four groups: non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and other. Log-binomial generalized mixed model was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). When compared to blood type O, type B was associated with positive COVID-19 test in Blacks (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02-1.23), Whites (RR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.99-1.66), and Hispanic (RR = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.97-1.92).

Abstract 4233: Racial differences in patterns of cytogenetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma

Introduction: African American (AA) patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM) are diagnosed at younger ages and show an age-adjusted incidence twice as high as that seen in European Americans (EA); however, a study by Waxman et al found higher disease specific survival in AA. A recent study showed differences in chromosomal aberrations between AA and EA, but further work is needed to understand racial differences in cytogenetics through Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) using an extensive array of probes.

Methods: We identified 470 consecutive patients with MM from the University of Chicago Cancer Cytogenetics Laboratory from October 2003-January 2017. Of those, 127 (22%) patients had abnormal karyotypes and 343 were evaluated by FISH using a panel of 18 probes. Twenty-two patients who self-identified as Hispanic, Multiracial, Asian, or Indian were dropped from the analysis due to low numbers. For the remaining 311 patients, we obtained data on IGH translocations (partner genes included IGH/FGFR3 fusion [t(4;14)(p16.3;q32)]; IGH/CCND1 fusion [t(11;14)(q13;q32)]; IGH/MAF fusion [t(14;16)(q32;q23)]); TP53 loss [17p13.1]; CDKN2C loss [1p32.3]; CKS1B gain [1q21]; ATM losss [(11)(q22.3)11(q22.3)]; trisomy of chromosomes 3, 7, 9, 12, and 15; and chromosome 13 loss or interstitial deletion of 13q. We grouped the FISH results as high (loss of TP53, loss of CDKN2C; CKS1B gain, IGH/MAF fusion), intermediate (IGH/FGFR3 fusion), or standard (Trisomies 3, 7, 9, 15; Gain of TP53, Gain of ATM, chromosome 13 loss) prognostic risk markers.

Results: Of 311 patients, 172 (55.3%) are self-reported EA, 130 (41.8%) are AA. Compared with EA, AA patients were more likely to be females (44.8% vs. 59.2%, respectively) and older than 65 years at diagnosis (47.7% vs. 56.2% respectively). Overall, 6.3% of patients were younger than 45 years at diagnosis, but there was no racial difference in the proportion of young patients. Compared with EA, AA patients assessed with standard risk probes were less likely to have standard risk cytogenetic features (48% vs. 66%; p-value=0.02). AA patients showed a lower percentage of hyperdiploidy, 36.5% of AA patients assessed were positive for hyperdiploidy compared with 57.1% of assessed EA (p=0.02). Despite the lower proportion of AA with cytogenetic markers associated with favorable prognosis, there was no significant difference between EA and AA patients in the prevalence of adverse prognostic markers, such as TP53 deletion, IGH/MAF fusions, or CKS1B gain. However, we did observe that AA patients were more likely to have loss of CDKN2C (16.7% vs 3.6%, p=0.02).

Conclusions: We found that compared with EA, AA patients are less likely to have cytogenetic features associated with favorable prognosis (i.e. hyperdiploidy), yet AA do not have a higher prevalence of high risk cytogenetics. These findings suggest that cytogenetics alone may not fully explain racial/ethnic differences in MM mortality.

[Meytal Chernoff and Madina Sukhanova are co-first authors of this abstract.]

Citation Format: Meytal B. Chernoff, Madina Sukhanova, Liz Stepniak, Wei Zhang, Brian C. Chiu. Racial differences in patterns of cytogenetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4233.

Etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A review from epidemiologic studies

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) contributes to significant cancer burden and mortality globally. In recent years, much insight into the causes of NHL has been gained by evaluating global differences through international collaboration and data pooling. NHL comprises different subtypes that are known to behave differently, exhibit different prognoses, and start in distinct cell types (B-cell, T-cell, and NK-cell, predominantly), and there is increasing evidence that NHL subtypes have different etiologies. Classification of NHL can be complex, with varying subtype frequencies, and is a consideration when evaluating geographic differences. Because of this, international pooling of well-executed epidemiologic studies has conferred power to evaluate NHL by subtype and confidence with minimal misclassification. Given the decreasing burden in some regions while cases rise in Asia, and especially China, this report focuses on a review of the established etiology of NHL from the epidemiologic literature in recent decades, highlighting work from China. Topics covered include demographic patterns and genetic determinants including family history of NHL, as well as infection and immunosuppression, lifestyle, environment, and certain occupational exposures contributing to increased disease risk.

The impact of neighborhood disadvantage on colorectal cancer screening among African Americans in Chicago

Historically, colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates have been lower among African Americans. Previous studies that have examined the relationship between community characteristics and adherence to CRC screening have generally focused on a single community parameter, making it challenging to evaluate the overall impact of the social and built environment. In this study, we will estimate the overall effect of social and built environment and identify the most important community factors relevant to CRC screening. Data are from the Multiethnic Prevention and Surveillance Study (COMPASS), a longitudinal study among adults in Chicago, collected between May 2013 to March 2020. A total 2,836 African Americans completed the survey. Participants' addresses were geocoded and linked to seven community characteristics (i.e., community safety, community crime, household poverty, community unemployment, housing cost burden, housing vacancies, low food access). A structured questionnaire measured adherence to CRC screening. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used to evaluate the impact of community disadvantages on CRC screening. When analyzing all community characteristics as a mixture, overall community disadvantage was associated with less adherence to CRC screening even after controlling for individual-level factors. In the adjusted WQS model, unemployment was the most important community characteristic (37.6%), followed by community insecurity (26.1%) and severe housing cost burden (16.3%). Results from this study indicate that successful efforts to improve adherence to CRC screening rates should prioritize individuals living in communities with high rates of insecurity and low socioeconomic status.