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Holland NA, Becak DP, Shannahan JH, Brown JM, Carratt SA, Winkle L, Pinkerton KE, Wang CM, Munusamy P, Baer DR, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR, Lust RM, Wingard CJ. Cardiac Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Following Instillation of 20 nm Citrate-capped Nanosilver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6. [PMID: 26966636 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.s6-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have garnered much interest due to their antimicrobial properties, becoming one of the most utilized nano-scale materials. However, any potential evocable cardiovascular injury associated with exposure has not been reported to date. We have previously demonstrated expansion of myocardial infarction after intratracheal (IT) instillation of carbon-based nanomaterials. We hypothesized pulmonary exposure to Ag core AgNP induces a measureable increase in circulating cytokines, expansion of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and is associated with depressed coronary constrictor and relaxation responses. Secondarily, we addressed the potential contribution of silver ion release on AgNP toxicity. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 200 μl of 1 mg/ml of 20 nm citrate-capped Ag core AgNP, 0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/ml Silver Acetate (AgAc), or a citrate vehicle by intratracheal (IT) instillation. One and 7 days following IT instillation the lungs were evaluated for inflammation and the presence of silver; serum was analyzed for concentrations of selected cytokines; cardiac I/R injury and coronary artery reactivity were assessed. RESULTS AgNP instillation resulted in modest pulmonary inflammation with detection of silver in lung tissue and alveolar macrophages, elevation of serum cytokines: G-CSF, MIP-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-13, IL-10, IL-18, IL-17α, TNFα, and RANTES, expansion of I/R injury and depression of the coronary vessel reactivity at 1 day post IT compared to vehicle treated rats. Silver within lung tissue was persistent at 7 days post IT instillation and was associated with an elevation in cytokines: IL-2, IL-13, and TNFα and expansion of I/R injury. AgAc resulted in a concentration dependent infarct expansion and depressed vascular reactivity without marked pulmonary inflammation or serum cytokine response. CONCLUSIONS Based on these data, IT instillation of AgNP increases circulating levels of several key cytokines, which may contribute to persistent expansion of I/R injury possibly through an impaired vascular responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Holland
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - D P Becak
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan H Shannahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - J M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - S A Carratt
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lsv Winkle
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - K E Pinkerton
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - C M Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, Richland, USA
| | - P Munusamy
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, Richland, USA
| | - Don R Baer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, EMSL, Richland, USA
| | - S J Sumner
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - T R Fennell
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - R M Lust
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - C J Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Kloek G, Winkle L. Reproductive adaptation in Drosophila exposed to oxygen-enriched atmospheres. Aviat Space Environ Med 1979; 50:368-71. [PMID: 111664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ten successive generations of a Drosophila melanogaster population were exposed to an atmospheric mix of 50% oxygen/50% nitrogen at standard pressure. This atmospheric mix has been shown to be toxic to this species and causes significantly shortened life span. By the fifth generation, survivorship and life span for the first 25-30 days were identical to control populations and total life span was shorter by only a few days. Egg-laying rates were stable in the experimental populations but below those of the controls. Hatching success was identical between experimental and control populations. Even though the egg-laying rates were lower in 50% oxygen, it was concluded that the population had adapted and could maintain a stable population in these conditions. The near-normal life spans, normal hatching rates, and overall population stability, exhibited following five generations of adaptation, were considered sufficient to allow continued reproduction in spite of a reduced egg-laying rate.
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