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Henique C, Bollée G, Loyer X, Grahammer F, Dhaun N, Camus M, Vernerey J, Guyonnet L, Gaillard F, Lazareth H, Meyer C, Bensaada I, Legrès L, Satoh T, Akira S, Bruneval P, Dimmeler S, Tedgui A, Karras A, Thervet E, Nochy D, Huber TB, Mesnard L, Lenoir O, Tharaux PL. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of microRNA-92a maintains podocyte cell cycle quiescence and limits crescentic glomerulonephritis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1829. [PMID: 29184126 PMCID: PMC5705755 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crescentic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) represents the most aggressive form of acquired glomerular disease. While most therapeutic approaches involve potentially toxic immunosuppressive strategies, the pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. Podocytes are glomerular epithelial cells that are normally growth-arrested because of the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. An exception is in RPGN where podocytes undergo a deregulation of their differentiated phenotype and proliferate. Here we demonstrate that microRNA-92a (miR-92a) is enriched in podocytes of patients and mice with RPGN. The CDK inhibitor p57Kip2 is a major target of miR-92a that constitutively safeguards podocyte cell cycle quiescence. Podocyte-specific deletion of miR-92a in mice de-repressed the expression of p57Kip2 and prevented glomerular injury in RPGN. Administration of an anti-miR-92a after disease initiation prevented albuminuria and kidney failure, indicating miR-92a inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for RPGN. We demonstrate that miRNA induction in epithelial cells can break glomerular tolerance to immune injury. Crescentic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is a severe form of glomerula disease characterized by podocyte proliferation and migration. Here Henique et al. demonstrate that inhibition of miRNA-92a prevents kidney failure by promoting the expression of CDK inhibitor p57Kip2 that regulates podocyte cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Henique
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre-PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75015, France. .,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France. .,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, team 21, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 955, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Créteil, 94000, France. .,Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, 94000, France.
| | - Guillaume Bollée
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre-PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75015, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France.,Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada
| | - Xavier Loyer
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre-PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75015, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Florian Grahammer
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, P.O. Box 79085, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre-PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75015, France.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (BHF CoRE), Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Marine Camus
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre-PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75015, France
| | - Julien Vernerey
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre-PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75015, France
| | - Léa Guyonnet
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre-PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75015, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - François Gaillard
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre-PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75015, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Hélène Lazareth
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre-PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75015, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Charlotte Meyer
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Imane Bensaada
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre-PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75015, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Luc Legrès
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR_S) 1165, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Plateforme MicroLaser Biotech, Paris, 75010, France
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France.,Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, 75015, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris Descartes University-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Alain Tedgui
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre-PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75015, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Alexandre Karras
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre-PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75015, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris Descartes University-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, 75015, France.,Renal Division, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Eric Thervet
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre-PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75015, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris Descartes University-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, 75015, France.,Renal Division, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Dominique Nochy
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France.,Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, 75015, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris Descartes University-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, P.O. Box 79085, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Laurent Mesnard
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 702, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75020, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, 75020, France
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre-PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75015, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre-PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, 75015, France. .,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France. .,Renal Division, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, 75015, France.
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Buart S, Terry S, Noman MZ, Lanoy E, Boutros C, Fogel P, Dessen P, Meurice G, Gaston-Mathé Y, Vielh P, Roy S, Routier E, Marty V, Ferlicot S, Legrès L, Bouchtaoui ME, Kamsu-Kom N, Muret J, Deutsch E, Eggermont A, Soria JC, Robert C, Chouaib S. Transcriptional response to hypoxic stress in melanoma and prognostic potential of GBE1 and BNIP3. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108786-108801. [PMID: 29312568 PMCID: PMC5752481 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gradients of hypoxia occur in most solid tumors and cells found in hypoxic regions are associated with the most aggressive and therapy-resistant fractions of the tumor. Despite the ubiquity and importance of hypoxia responses, little is known about the variation in the global transcriptional response to hypoxia in melanoma. Using microarray technology, whole genome gene expression profiling was first performed on established melanoma cell lines. From gene set enrichment analyses, we derived a robust 35 probes signature (hypomel for HYPOxia MELanoma) associated with hypoxia-response pathways, including 26 genes up regulated, and 9 genes down regulated. The microarray data were validated by RT-qPCR for the 35 transcripts. We then validated the signature in hypoxic zones from 8 patient specimens using laser microdissection or macrodissection of Formalin fixed-paraffin-embedded (FFPE) material, followed with RT-qPCR. Moreover, a similar hypoxia-associated gene expression profile was observed using NanoString technology to analyze RNAs from FFPE melanoma tissues of a cohort of 19 patients treated with anti-PD1. Analysis of NanoString data from validation sets using Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) analysis (26 genes up regulated in hypoxia) and dual clustering (samples and genes) further revealed that the increased level of BNIP3 (Bcl-2 adenovirus E1B 19 kDa-interacting protein 3)/GBE1 (glycogen branching enzyme1) differential pair correlates with the lack of response of melanoma patients to anti-PD1 (pembrolizumab) immunotherapy. These studies suggest that through elevated glycogenic flux and induction of autophagy, hypoxia is a critical molecular program that could be considered as a prognostic factor for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Buart
- INSERM UMR1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, EPHE, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphane Terry
- INSERM UMR1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, EPHE, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Muhammad Z Noman
- INSERM UMR1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, EPHE, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Emilie Lanoy
- INSERM UMR 1018, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Céline Boutros
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Philippe Dessen
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, UMS AMMICA, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Meurice
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, UMS AMMICA, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Philippe Vielh
- Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Séverine Roy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Emilie Routier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Virginie Marty
- Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicales, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Ferlicot
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, AP-HP, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Luc Legrès
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, INSERM UMR_S-1165/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Morad El Bouchtaoui
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, INSERM UMR_S-1165/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nyam Kamsu-Kom
- INSERM UMR 981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jane Muret
- INSERM UMR1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, EPHE, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Alexander Eggermont
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- INSERM UMR 981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Robert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,INSERM UMR 981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Salem Chouaib
- INSERM UMR1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, EPHE, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Ameisen D, Deroulers C, Perrier V, Bouhidel F, Battistella M, Legrès L, Janin A, Bertheau P, Yunès JB. Towards better digital pathology workflows: programming libraries for high-speed sharpness assessment of Whole Slide Images. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9 Suppl 1:S3. [PMID: 25565494 PMCID: PMC4305973 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-s1-s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since microscopic slides can now be automatically digitized and integrated in the clinical workflow, quality assessment of Whole Slide Images (WSI) has become a crucial issue. We present a no-reference quality assessment method that has been thoroughly tested since 2010 and is under implementation in multiple sites, both public university-hospitals and private entities. It is part of the FlexMIm R&D project which aims to improve the global workflow of digital pathology. For these uses, we have developed two programming libraries, in Java and Python, which can be integrated in various types of WSI acquisition systems, viewers and image analysis tools. METHODS Development and testing have been carried out on a MacBook Pro i7 and on a bi-Xeon 2.7GHz server. Libraries implementing the blur assessment method have been developed in Java, Python, PHP5 and MySQL5. For web applications, JavaScript, Ajax, JSON and Sockets were also used, as well as the Google Maps API. Aperio SVS files were converted into the Google Maps format using VIPS and Openslide libraries. RESULTS We designed the Java library as a Service Provider Interface (SPI), extendable by third parties. Analysis is computed in real-time (3 billion pixels per minute). Tests were made on 5000 single images, 200 NDPI WSI, 100 Aperio SVS WSI converted to the Google Maps format. CONCLUSIONS Applications based on our method and libraries can be used upstream, as calibration and quality control tool for the WSI acquisition systems, or as tools to reacquire tiles while the WSI is being scanned. They can also be used downstream to reacquire the complete slides that are below the quality threshold for surgical pathology analysis. WSI may also be displayed in a smarter way by sending and displaying the regions of highest quality before other regions. Such quality assessment scores could be integrated as WSI's metadata shared in clinical, research or teaching contexts, for a more efficient medical informatics workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ameisen
- Laboratoire LIAFA - CNRS UMR 7089/Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Christophe Deroulers
- IMNC - UMR 8165 CNRS/Université Paris-Diderot, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Valérie Perrier
- Laboratoire Jean-Kunztmann, Université de Grenoble/CNRS, UMR 5224, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Fatiha Bouhidel
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, Inserm UMR_S-1165/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Battistella
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, Inserm UMR_S-1165/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Luc Legrès
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, Inserm UMR_S-1165/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Anne Janin
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, Inserm UMR_S-1165/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bertheau
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, Inserm UMR_S-1165/Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Yunès
- Laboratoire LIAFA - CNRS UMR 7089/Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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5
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Varna M, Bousquet G, Ferreira I, Goulard M, El-Bouchtaoui M, Artus PM, Verine J, de Kerviler E, Hernandez L, Leboeuf C, Escudier B, Legrès L, Setterblad N, Soliman H, Feugeas JP, Janin A, Bertheau P. Stability of preclinical models of aggressive renal cell carcinomas. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:2950-2962. [PMID: 25031714 PMCID: PMC4097235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Renal-cell carcinomas (RCC) are often resistant to conventional cytotoxic agents. Xenograft models are used for in vivo preclinical studies and drug development. The validity of these studies is highly dependent on the phenotypic and genotypic stability of the models. Here we assessed the stability of six aggressive human RCC xenografted in nude/NMRI mice. We compared the initial samples (P0), first (P1) and fifth (P5) passages for the following criteria: histopathology, immunohistochemistry for CK7, CD10, vimentin and p53, DNA allelic profiles using 10 microsatellites and CGH-array. Next we evaluated the response to sunitinib in primary RCC and corresponding xenografted RCC. We observed a good overall stability between primary RCC and corresponding xenografted RCC at P1 and P5 regarding histopathology and immunohistochemistry except for cytokeratin 7 (one case) and p53 (one case) expression. Out of 44 groups with fully available microsatellite data (at P0, P1 and P5), 66% (29 groups) showed no difference from P0 to P5 while 34% (15 groups) showed new or lost alleles. Using CGH-array, overall genomic alterations at P5 were not different from those of initial RCC. The xenografted RCC had identical response to sunitinib therapy compared to the initial human RCC from which they derive. These xenograft models of aggressive human RCC are clinically relevant, showing a good histological and molecular stability and are suitable for studies of basic biology and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Varna
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéF-75010 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1165Paris, F-75010 France
- AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de PathologieParis, F-75010 France
| | - Guilhem Bousquet
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéF-75010 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1165Paris, F-75010 France
- AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de PathologieParis, F-75010 France
| | - Irmine Ferreira
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéF-75010 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1165Paris, F-75010 France
- AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de PathologieParis, F-75010 France
| | - Marie Goulard
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéF-75010 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1165Paris, F-75010 France
| | - Morad El-Bouchtaoui
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéF-75010 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1165Paris, F-75010 France
- AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de PathologieParis, F-75010 France
| | - Pierre Mongiat Artus
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéF-75010 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1165Paris, F-75010 France
- AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service d’UrologieParis, F-75010 France
| | - Jérome Verine
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéF-75010 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1165Paris, F-75010 France
- AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de PathologieParis, F-75010 France
| | - Eric de Kerviler
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéF-75010 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1165Paris, F-75010 France
- AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service de RadiologieParis, F-75010 France
| | - Lucie Hernandez
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéF-75010 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Leboeuf
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéF-75010 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1165Paris, F-75010 France
- AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de PathologieParis, F-75010 France
| | | | - Luc Legrès
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéF-75010 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1165Paris, F-75010 France
| | | | - Hany Soliman
- AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service de BiochimieParis, F-75010 France
| | - Jean-Paul Feugeas
- AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service de BiochimieParis, F-75010 France
| | - Anne Janin
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéF-75010 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1165Paris, F-75010 France
- AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de PathologieParis, F-75010 France
| | - Philippe Bertheau
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéF-75010 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1165Paris, F-75010 France
- AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de PathologieParis, F-75010 France
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Leboeuf C, Ratajczak P, Vérine J, Elbouchtaoui M, Plassa F, Legrès L, Ferreira I, Sandid W, Varna M, Bousquet G, Verneuil L, Janin A. Assessment of chimerism in epithelial cancers in transplanted patients. Pathobiology 2014; 81:114-22. [PMID: 24642582 DOI: 10.1159/000357621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is now the most severe complication in the long term in transplant recipients. As most solid-organ or hematopoietic stem-cell transplantations are allogeneic, chimerism studies can be performed on cancers occurring in recipients. We summarize here the different methods used to study chimerism in cancers developing in allogeneic-transplant recipients, analyze their respective advantages and report the main results obtained from these studies. Chimerism analyses of cancers in transplant recipients require methods suited to tissue samples. In the case of gender-mismatched transplantation, the XY chromosomes can be explored using fluorescent in situ hybridization on whole-tissue sections or Y-sequence-specific PCR after the laser microdissection of tumor cells. For cancers occurring after gender-matched transplantation, laser microdissection of tumor cells enables studies of microsatellite markers and high-resolution melting analysis of mitochondrial DNA on genes with marked polymorphism, provided these are different in the donor and the recipient. The results of different studies address the cancers that develop in both recipients and in transplants. The presence of chimeric cells in these two types of cancer implies an exchange of progenitor/stem-cells between transplant and recipient, and the plasticity of these progenitor/stem-cells contributes to epithelial cancers. The presence of chimeric cells in concomitant cancers and preneoplastic lesions implies that the oncogenesis of these cancers progresses through a multistep process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Leboeuf
- Inserm, U728-Paris, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
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7
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Ameisen D, Deroulers C, Perrier V, Yunès JB, Bouhidel F, Battistella M, Legrès L, Janin A, Bertheau P. Stack or trash? Quality assessment of virtual slides. Diagn Pathol 2013. [PMCID: PMC3849546 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-s1-s23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Janin
- Université Paris-Diderot Paris VII, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
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Lacerda-Pinheiro S, Dimitrova-Nakov S, Harichane Y, Souyri M, Petit-Cocault L, Legrès L, Marchadier A, Baudry A, Ribes S, Goldberg M, Kellermann O, Poliard A. Concomitant multipotent and unipotent dental pulp progenitors and their respective contribution to mineralised tissue formation. Eur Cell Mater 2012; 23:371-86. [PMID: 22623164 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v023a29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon in vitro induction or in vivo implantation, the stem cells of the dental pulp display hallmarks of odontoblastic, osteogenic, adipogenic or neuronal cells. However, whether these phenotypes result from genuine multipotent cells or from coexistence of distinct progenitors is still an open question. Furthermore, determining whether a single cell-derived progenitor is capable of undergoing a differentiation cascade leading to tissue repair in situ is important for the development of cell therapy strategies. Three clonal pulp precursor cell lines (A4, C5, H8), established from embryonic ED18 first molars of mouse transgenic for a recombinant plasmid adeno-SV40, were induced to differentiate towards the odonto/osteogenic, chondrogenic or adipogenic programme. Expression of phenotypic markers of each lineage was evaluated by RT-PCR, histochemistry or immunocytochemistry. The clones were implanted into mandibular incisors or calvaria of adult mice. The A4 clone was capable of being recruited towards at least 3 mesodermal lineages in vitro and of contributing to dentin-like or bone formation, in vivo, thus behaving as a multipotent cell. In contrast, the C5 and H8 clones displayed a more restricted potential. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that isolated monopotent and multipotent clones could be distinguished by a differential expression of CD90. Altogether, isolation of these clonal lines allowed demonstrating the coexistence of multipotential and restricted-lineage progenitors in the mouse pulp. These cells may further permit unravelling specificities of the different types of pulp progenitors, hence facilitating the development of cell-based therapies of the dental pulp or other cranio-facial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lacerda-Pinheiro
- INSERM UMR-S 747, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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10
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Varna M, Bousquet G, Ferreira I, El-Bouchtaoui M, Hernandez L, Leboeuf C, Legrès L, Boudihel F, Ratajczak P, Soliman H, Feugeas JP, Janin A, Bertheau P. Étude du degré de stabilité phénotypique et génotypique des tumeurs rénales humaines xénogreffées chez la souris immunodéficiente. Ann Pathol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2011.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Ho-Tin-Noé B, Le Dall J, Gomez D, Louedec L, Vranckx R, El-Bouchtaoui M, Legrès L, Meilhac O, Michel JB. Early atheroma-derived agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ trigger intramedial angiogenesis in a smooth muscle cell-dependent manner. Circ Res 2011; 109:1003-14. [PMID: 21885829 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.235390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Neovascularization favors intraplaque hemorrhage and plaque rupture. Development of therapeutic strategies against atheromatous angiogenesis requires elucidation of its initiating factors. OBJECTIVE We investigated the contribution of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and atheroma-derived lipids to the initiation of atheroma-associated neoangiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty human aortic segments, each harvested from a different donor, were classified as healthy or as bearing early atheromatous lesions, including fatty streaks and fibrolipidic atheroma, according to their histological features. Immunostaining for blood vessels and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), as well as measurement of VEGF-A protein and mRNA levels by ELISA and real-time PCR, revealed that angiogenesis and VEGF-A production were enhanced in the medial layer of atheromatous aortas. The intramedial vessel density and invasiveness and the production of VEGF-A by medial SMCs were indeed increased in atheromatous aortas compared with healthy aortas. Furthermore, intimal layers of atheromatous aortas were enriched in soluble lipid mediators capable of inducing a sustained increase in VEGF-A production by medial SMCs, turning these cells into potent inducers of angiogenesis when incorporated into mouse Matrigel implants. Both effects were inhibited by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ inhibitor GW9662 and mimicked by its agonist, rosiglitazone. CONCLUSIONS We show that VEGF-A production is upregulated in medial SMCs of human atheromatous aortas and that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists derived from early intimal lesions are likely to contribute to this phenotypic change. Our findings suggest that medial SMCs are central organizers of an angiogenic response initiated by the subendothelial accumulation of atherogenic lipids.
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12
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Ho-Tin-Noé B, Le Dall J, Gomez D, Louedec L, Vranckx R, El-Bouchtaoui M, Legrès L, Meilhac O, Michel JB. Early atheroma-derived agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ trigger intramedial angiogenesis in a smooth muscle cell-dependent manner. Circ Res 2011. [PMID: 21885829 DOI: 10.1061/circresaha.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Neovascularization favors intraplaque hemorrhage and plaque rupture. Development of therapeutic strategies against atheromatous angiogenesis requires elucidation of its initiating factors. OBJECTIVE We investigated the contribution of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and atheroma-derived lipids to the initiation of atheroma-associated neoangiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty human aortic segments, each harvested from a different donor, were classified as healthy or as bearing early atheromatous lesions, including fatty streaks and fibrolipidic atheroma, according to their histological features. Immunostaining for blood vessels and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), as well as measurement of VEGF-A protein and mRNA levels by ELISA and real-time PCR, revealed that angiogenesis and VEGF-A production were enhanced in the medial layer of atheromatous aortas. The intramedial vessel density and invasiveness and the production of VEGF-A by medial SMCs were indeed increased in atheromatous aortas compared with healthy aortas. Furthermore, intimal layers of atheromatous aortas were enriched in soluble lipid mediators capable of inducing a sustained increase in VEGF-A production by medial SMCs, turning these cells into potent inducers of angiogenesis when incorporated into mouse Matrigel implants. Both effects were inhibited by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ inhibitor GW9662 and mimicked by its agonist, rosiglitazone. CONCLUSIONS We show that VEGF-A production is upregulated in medial SMCs of human atheromatous aortas and that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists derived from early intimal lesions are likely to contribute to this phenotypic change. Our findings suggest that medial SMCs are central organizers of an angiogenic response initiated by the subendothelial accumulation of atherogenic lipids.
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13
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Ameisen D, Vergier B, Hauchecorne O, Camparo P, Kussaibi H, Rivet J, Leca P, Daniel C, Legrès L, Ratajczak P, Leboeuf C, Janin A, Bertheau P. [On line digital microscopy in 2007: One technology, many uses]. Ann Pathol 2008; 28:17-26. [PMID: 18538710 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Digital microscopy enables several observers to look at any field of one microscopical section, at any magnification, through an Internet connexion. An overview of the systems used to digitize microscopy slides and to put them on line is presented. This technique is already used in many fields of pathology, for teaching, research and, to a lesser extent, diagnostic purposes. Several examples are given in this review, some of them with a true evaluation process, and strong points and weaker points are addressed. While conventional microscopy remains the keystone method in 2007 and for the coming years, it is also obvious that digital microscopy will be playing an increasing role. It is our task to make it evolve according to our needs.
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14
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Varna M, Soliman H, Feugeas JP, Turpin E, Chapelin D, Legrès L, Plassa LF, de Roquancourt A, Espié M, Misset JL, Janin A, de Thé H, Bertheau P. Changes in allelic imbalances in locally advanced breast cancers after chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:1157-64. [PMID: 17876337 PMCID: PMC2360433 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In advanced breast cancers, TP53 mutation is highly predictive of complete response to high-dose epirubicin/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. In these tumours with an altered control of genomic stability, accumulation of chemotherapy-induced genetic alterations may contribute to cell death and account for complete response. To explore the effects of chemotherapy on stability of the tumour genome, allelic profiles were obtained from microdissected tumour samples before and after chemotherapy in 29 unresponsive breast cancers (9 with TP53 mutation). Ninety-four per cent allelic profiles remained unchanged after treatment. Interestingly, 11 profiles (6%) showed important changes after treatment; allelic imbalances significantly increased (four cases) or decreased (seven cases) after chemotherapy in three distinct experiments, two of which using laser microdissected tumour cells. These genetic changes were not linked to the TP53 status, but one tumour showed complete disappearance of TP53-mutated cells in the residual tumour after treatment. Altogether, these observations carry important implications for the clonal evolution of breast cancers treated with DNA-damaging agents, as they point both to the importance of tumour heterogeneity and chemotherapy-driven selection of subclones.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Varna
- INSERM U728, University Hematology Institute, University Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - H Soliman
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Saint-Louis APHP, 1 av. C. Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - J-P Feugeas
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Saint-Louis APHP, 1 av. C. Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - E Turpin
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Saint-Louis APHP, 1 av. C. Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 7151, University Hematology Institute, University Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - D Chapelin
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Saint-Louis APHP, 1 av. C. Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - L Legrès
- INSERM U728, University Hematology Institute, University Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - L-F Plassa
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Saint-Louis APHP, 1 av. C. Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - A de Roquancourt
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Saint-Louis APHP, 1 av. C. Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - M Espié
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Saint-Louis APHP, 1 av. C. Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - J-L Misset
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Saint-Louis APHP, 1 av. C. Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - A Janin
- INSERM U728, University Hematology Institute, University Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Saint-Louis APHP, 1 av. C. Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - H de Thé
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Saint-Louis APHP, 1 av. C. Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 7151, University Hematology Institute, University Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - P Bertheau
- INSERM U728, University Hematology Institute, University Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Saint-Louis APHP, 1 av. C. Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- E-mail:
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15
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Fiorentino S, Chopin M, Dastot H, Boissel N, Reboul M, Legrès L, Janin A, Aplan P, Sigaux F, Regnault A. Disruption of T cell regulatory pathways is necessary for immunotherapeutic cure of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in mice. Eur Cytokine Netw 2005; 16:300-8. [PMID: 16464745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children. In recent years, the outcome has been globally improved by current therapies, but it remains poor in patients with high, persistent residual disease following the first course of chemotherapy, prompting evaluation of the possible beneficial effects of immunotherapy protocols. In this study, we hypothesized that the disruption of two immunoregulatory pathways controlling the auto-reactive T cell response might synergize with dendritic cell-based immunotherapy of the disease, which is considered to be poorly immunogenic. In this study, we used TAL1xLMO1 leukemia cells adoptively transferred in mice, to generate murine leukemia with poorly immunogenic cells as a model for human T-ALL. Subsequently, these animals were treated with several different immunotherapeutic protocols. We compared the efficiency of a classical, dendritic cell-based immunotherapy (injection of dendritic cells loaded with tumor-derived antigenic products), to a combined treatment associating injection of antigen-loaded dendritic cells and disruption of the two immunoregulatory pathways: CD25+ suppressive T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigens (CTLA-4). We show that this combined treatment resulted in cure, concomitantly with in vivo generation of immune memory, and TNF-alpha secretion. This study demonstrates that the disruption of these two immunoregulatory pathways synergized with immunostimulation by dendritic cells loaded with tumor-derived antigens, and paves the way for the testing of this combination in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fiorentino
- Unité U728 INSERM-Laboratoire de Pathologie Université Paris VII, Hôpital Saint-Louis--Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, 1 avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
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16
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Zhao WL, Mourah S, Mounier N, Leboeuf C, Daneshpouy ME, Legrès L, Meignin V, Oksenhendler E, Maignin CL, Calvo F, Brière J, Gisselbrecht C, Janin A. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A is expressed both on lymphoma cells and endothelial cells in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and related to lymphoma progression. J Transl Med 2004; 84:1512-9. [PMID: 15311211 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), a main stimulator of endothelial cell proliferation, plays an important role on tumor angiogenesis. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) show the most prominent vascular component among lymphomas and their prognosis is difficult to predict. To assess the clinical significance of VEGF-A in AITL, VEGF-A gene expression was studied in the tumoral lymph nodes of 24 patients using laser microdissection and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. VEGF-A gene was overexpressed in both microdissected lymphoma and endothelial cells. Increased levels of VEGF-A gene expression in lymphoma cells, as in endothelial cells, were related to extranodal involvement and to short survival time. Accordingly, VEGF-A protein expression was also found in both types of cells in lymph nodes and bone marrows with lymphomatous involvement. Triple immunofluorescent labeling on lymph node sections showed that VEGF-A protein and its receptor VEGF-R1 were coexpressed on endothelial cells of microvessels in the areas of lymphoma invasion. In these areas, ultrastructural study showed dystrophic microvessels. Taken together, the value of VEGF-A gene expression as an adverse prognostic marker in AITL should thus be considered. In addition to lymphoma cells themselves, the vascular component, a critical pathologic characteristic in AITL, also contributes to lymphoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Zhao
- ERM-0220, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris VII, Paris, France
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17
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Bernuau D, Legrès L, Lamri Y, Giuily N, Fey G, Feldmann G. Heterogeneous lobular distribution of hepatocytes expressing acute-phase genes during the acute inflammatory reaction. J Exp Med 1989; 170:349-54. [PMID: 2473162 PMCID: PMC2189382 DOI: 10.1084/jem.170.1.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional heterogeneity in the lobule with regard to plasma protein synthesis is still debated. Therefore, we have localized in liver sections from normal rats and from rats with turpentine-induced AIR the mRNA and protein products of three genes with different alterations in their hepatic expression during an AIR: alpha 2M and alpha 1PI, two positively reacting acute-phase genes, and alpha 1I3, a negative acute-phase reactant. In normal liver, all hepatocytes expressed alpha 2M and alpha 1I3 mRNA, but a preferential expression of alpha 2M and alpha 1I3 mRNA and protein in the PP and ML zones was observed. During an AIR, the level of alpha 2M mRNA increased fourfold in the cytoplasm of PP and ML hepatocytes, while the level of cytoplasmic alpha 1I3 mRNA was decreased about fourfold in the same zones, with parallel variations in the expression of the corresponding proteins. In contrast, no significant modulation of the RNA and protein concentrations of both genes was detected in PV areas. alpha 1PI mRNA was expressed at the same levels in the three lobular zones in normal liver, but staining for the alpha 1PI protein was more intense in the PV zones. During the acute-phase response alpha 1PI mRNA levels were increased twofold in all three lobular zones, and alpha 1PI staining became homogeneous within the lobule. These results demonstrate that the location of a hepatocyte with the liver lobule can influence the expression of the three genes under study both at pre- and post-translational levels, in basal conditions, as well as during modulation of their expression during the inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bernuau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, INSERM U24, Faculté de Médecine Xavier-Bichat, Paris, France
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18
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Tournier I, Legrès L, Schoevaert D, Feldmann G, Bernuau D. Cellular analysis of alpha-fetoprotein gene activation during carbon tetrachloride and D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in rats. J Transl Med 1988; 59:657-65. [PMID: 2460696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze the cellular mechanisms of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene activation during liver regeneration, we have measured the steady-state level of liver AFP mRNA by dot blot and revealed AFP transcripts and protein in liver sections by in situ hybridization and immunoperoxidase. AFP gene activation was studied from rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride or D-galactosamine, two toxics inducing different patterns of liver necrosis and regeneration. At 48 and 72 hours of carbon tetrachloride intoxication, liver AFP mRNA steady-state levels were slightly increased. On liver sections, large necrotic centrilobular areas were apparent with a 7- to 10-fold increase of hepatocyte mitotic index as compared with controls. At the same times of intoxication, a 2-fold increase in the signal level for AFP mRNA over all nonnecrotic hepatocytes was observed, whereas the protein remained undetectable in most of the hepatocytes. In contrast, after D-galactosamine intoxication, no increase of AFP mRNA steady-state levels was detectable. Scattered necrotic hepatocytes were visible at 48 and 72 hours of intoxication, with only a 2-fold increase of hepatocyte mitotic index, as compared with controls. Moreover, while the hybridization signal level for AFP mRNA was not increased over hepatocytes, large amounts of AFP mRNA and protein were detected in proliferated oval cells and bile duct-like structures. These results suggest that at least two distinct mechanisms at the cellular level may explain AFP gene activation during chemically-induced liver regeneration: (a) a moderate increase of AFP mRNA by all the remaining hepatocytes probably linked to their reentry into the proliferative cycle, which appears the main mechanism after carbon tetrachloride intoxication, and (b) a quantitatively important AFP expression by a small number of proliferated cells with new phenotypes (oval cells and bile-duct like structures), observed in the D-galactosamine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tournier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, INSERM U24, Faculté de Médecine Xavier-Bichat, Paris, France
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19
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Nahon JL, Tratner I, Poliard A, Presse F, Poiret M, Gal A, Sala-Trepat JM, Legrès L, Feldmann G, Bernuau D. Albumin and alpha-fetoprotein gene expression in various nonhepatic rat tissues. J Biol Chem 1988; 263:11436-42. [PMID: 2457023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), two major serum proteins, are synthesized predominantly in the liver and yolk sac of mammals. In the present paper we report on the developmental expression of the corresponding genes in nonhepatic rat tissues. Significant quantities of mature albumin and AFP mRNAs were revealed in kidney, pancreas, heart, and lung of fetal and/or newborn rats using dot blot and Northern blot assays. Very low levels of these mRNA sequences were also detected in adult kidney and pancreas using sensitive RNA-cDNA solution hybridization assays. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that the albumin and AFP gene transcripts are present in the tubular cells of the 20-day-old fetal kidney. In order to elucidate further the mechanisms governing this expression, we studied the chromatin structure and methylation pattern in the 5'-end of these two genes. A faint band, corresponding to a specific DNase I-hypersensitive site upstream from the albumin gene, was detected in the fetal and neonatal kidney nuclei but not in adult kidney. For both genes, a site CG, demethylation of which is correlated with expression in liver and hepatoma cell lines, is highly methylated in fetal kidney even though AFP and albumin genes are expressed. Taken together, these results show the presence of a cell population in the rat kidney that actively transcribes both the albumin and AFP genes. The expression of these genes may be mediated by mechanisms differing in at least some steps from those exerted in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Nahon
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur- Yvette, France
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20
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Nahon JL, Tratner I, Poliard A, Presse F, Poiret M, Gal A, Sala-Trepat JM, Legrès L, Feldmann G, Bernuau D. Albumin and alpha-fetoprotein gene expression in various nonhepatic rat tissues. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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