Side effects among healthcare workers from a large Milan university hospital after second dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine

BACKGROUND

In Italy, healthcare workers (HCWs) were among the first to receive COVID-19 vaccination. Aim of the present study is to evaluate frequency and severity of adverse events (AEs) following the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine among HCWs of a large university hospital in Milan, Italy.

METHODS

One month after having received the second dose of vaccine, HCWs filled-in a form about type, severity, and duration of post-vaccination local and systemic symptoms. We calculated the overall frequency of AEs and used multivariable Poisson regression models (adjusted for sex, age, BMI, smoking, allergy history, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, anti-hypertensive therapy, and occupation) to calculate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of AEs according to selected variables.

RESULTS

We included 3659 HCWs. Overall, 2801 (76.6%) experienced at least one local event, with pain at injection site being the most frequent (2788, 76.2%). Systemic events were reported by 2080 (56.8%) HCWs, with fatigue (52.3%), muscle pain (42.2%), headache (37.7%), joint pain (31.9%), and fever (26.2%) being the most frequent. Risks of systemic events were associated with female gender (RR=1.14, CI: 1.06-1.23), age (strong decrease with increasing age, p-trend<0.001), allergy history (RR=1.13, CI: 1.05-1.20), and current smoking (RR=0.90, CI: 0.84-0.97). HCWs with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (even if symptomatic) were not at increased risk.

CONCLUSIONS

Both local and systemic acute effects after second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine were frequently reported. However, symptoms were mostly light/mild and of short duration. Thus, our findings support the safety of COVID-19 vaccination in adults in relatively good health.

Sexually transmitted diseases and risk of HIV infection

We have analyzed the association between sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and HIV infection, using data from a cross-sectional survey of subjects attending STD clinics in Northern Italy conducted since 1988. A total of 1,711 subjects (1,259 males, 452 females), who had referred themselves to three STD clinics in Northern Italy for suspected STD or STD treatment, were included for the study. Out of these, 145 subjects (113 males and 32 females) were HIV-positive. A total of 58 HIV-positive and 368 HIV-negative subjects reported a history of STD; the corresponding odds ratio (OR) was 2.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-3.6) for subjects reporting a history of STD. Considering various STD in details, the estimated OR was 1.8 (95% CI 0.8-3.8) for a history of gonorrhoea and 1.5 (95% CI 0.8-2.7) of syphilis, and the OR was 1.8 (95% CI 1.0-3.2) and 2.2 (95% CI 1.3-3.8), respectively, for a positive TPHA and VDRL test. The results of the test for HbsAg were available in 50 HIV-positive and 1,028 HIV-negative subjects; the OR of HIV infection in subjects with HbSAg was 3.9 (95% CI 1.7-9.0). Presence of genital ulcers at clinical examination was not significantly associated with the risk of HIV infection (OR yes vs no genital ulcers 1.5, 95% CI 0.6-2.8).

Development of anthralin short-contact therapy in psoriasis: survey of published clinical trials

In a survey of clinical trials concerning the efficacy of short-contact therapy with anthralin in psoriasis vulgaris, focusing principally on methodologic issues, twenty-four papers published between January 1982 and December 1989, in English, French, and Italian, were selected. Nine of 24 papers reported on more than one trial, giving a total of 37 clinical trials to be evaluated. A great heterogeneity was evident in many aspects of the design and conduct of these trials, making pooling of results impossible. Most trials suffered from flaws in general methodologic aspects such as randomization and blinding. Limitations in general applicability of results were discussed with reference to the popular use of self-control design and selection of composite indexes (e.g., PASI) as an outcome variable. Published trials are not a reliable guide to clinical decisions concerning short-contact therapy, and some methodologic observations we made could be of general interest in designing clinical trials of psoriasis.