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Teixeira MM, de Almeida LGP, Kubitschek-Barreira P, Alves FL, Kioshima ÉS, Abadio AKR, Fernandes L, Derengowski LS, Ferreira KS, Souza RC, Ruiz JC, de Andrade NC, Paes HC, Nicola AM, Albuquerque P, Gerber AL, Martins VP, Peconick LDF, Neto AV, Chaucanez CB, Silva PA, Cunha OL, de Oliveira FFM, dos Santos TC, Barros ALN, Soares MA, de Oliveira LM, Marini MM, Villalobos-Duno H, Cunha MML, de Hoog S, da Silveira JF, Henrissat B, Niño-Vega GA, Cisalpino PS, Mora-Montes HM, Almeida SR, Stajich JE, Lopes-Bezerra LM, Vasconcelos ATR, Felipe MSS. Comparative genomics of the major fungal agents of human and animal Sporotrichosis: Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:943. [PMID: 25351875 PMCID: PMC4226871 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungal genus Sporothrix includes at least four human pathogenic species. One of these species, S. brasiliensis, is the causal agent of a major ongoing zoonotic outbreak of sporotrichosis in Brazil. Elsewhere, sapronoses are caused by S. schenckii and S. globosa. The major aims on this comparative genomic study are: 1) to explore the presence of virulence factors in S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis; 2) to compare S. brasiliensis, which is cat-transmitted and infects both humans and cats with S. schenckii, mainly a human pathogen; 3) to compare these two species to other human pathogens (Onygenales) with similar thermo-dimorphic behavior and to other plant-associated Sordariomycetes. RESULTS The genomes of S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis were pyrosequenced to 17x and 20x coverage comprising a total of 32.3 Mb and 33.2 Mb, respectively. Pair-wise genome alignments revealed that the two species are highly syntenic showing 97.5% average sequence identity. Phylogenomic analysis reveals that both species diverged about 3.8-4.9 MYA suggesting a recent event of speciation. Transposable elements comprise respectively 0.34% and 0.62% of the S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis genomes and expansions of Gypsy-like elements was observed reflecting the accumulation of repetitive elements in the S. brasiliensis genome. Mitochondrial genomic comparisons showed the presence of group-I intron encoding homing endonucleases (HE's) exclusively in S. brasiliensis. Analysis of protein family expansions and contractions in the Sporothrix lineage revealed expansion of LysM domain-containing proteins, small GTPases, PKS type1 and leucin-rich proteins. In contrast, a lack of polysaccharide lyase genes that are associated with decay of plants was observed when compared to other Sordariomycetes and dimorphic fungal pathogens, suggesting evolutionary adaptations from a plant pathogenic or saprobic to an animal pathogenic life style. CONCLUSIONS Comparative genomic data suggest a unique ecological shift in the Sporothrix lineage from plant-association to mammalian parasitism, which contributes to the understanding of how environmental interactions may shape fungal virulence. . Moreover, the striking differences found in comparison with other dimorphic fungi revealed that dimorphism in these close relatives of plant-associated Sordariomycetes is a case of convergent evolution, stressing the importance of this morphogenetic change in fungal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus M Teixeira
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | | | - Paula Kubitschek-Barreira
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Alves
- />Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
- />Grupo Informática de Biossistemas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Érika S Kioshima
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
- />Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR Brazil
| | - Ana KR Abadio
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Larissa Fernandes
- />Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias em Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Ceilândia, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Lorena S Derengowski
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Karen S Ferreira
- />Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Rangel C Souza
- />Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, RJ Brazil
| | - Jeronimo C Ruiz
- />Grupo Informática de Biossistemas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Nathalia C de Andrade
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Hugo C Paes
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - André M Nicola
- />Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
- />Programa de pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Patrícia Albuquerque
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
- />Programa de pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | | | - Vicente P Martins
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Luisa DF Peconick
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Alan Viggiano Neto
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Claudia B Chaucanez
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Patrícia A Silva
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Oberdan L Cunha
- />Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, RJ Brazil
| | | | - Tayná C dos Santos
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Amanda LN Barros
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Marco A Soares
- />Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Luciana M de Oliveira
- />Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
- />Programa de pós-graduação em Bioinformática, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marjorie M Marini
- />Departamento de Microbiologia Imunobiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Héctor Villalobos-Duno
- />Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marcel ML Cunha
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- />CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José F da Silveira
- />Departamento de Microbiologia Imunobiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- />Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille, Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Gustavo A Niño-Vega
- />Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Patrícia S Cisalpino
- />Grupo Informática de Biossistemas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | | | - Sandro R Almeida
- />Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Jason E Stajich
- />Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
| | - Leila M Lopes-Bezerra
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | | | - Maria SS Felipe
- />Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
- />Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
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de Oliveira LM, Pires MGS, Magrisso AB, Munhoz TP, Roesler R, de Oliveira JR. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate inhibits in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by ADP and ameliorates coagulation alterations in experimental sepsis in rats. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2009; 29:387-94. [PMID: 19705256 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-009-0387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic response to an infection that leads to a generalized inflammatory reaction. There is an intimate relationship between procoagulant and proinflammatory activities, and coagulation abnormalities are common in septic patients. Pharmaceutical studies have focused to the development of substances that act on coagulation abnormalities and on the link between coagulation and inflammation. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) is a high-energy glycolitic metabolite that in the past two decades has been shown therapeutic effects in great number of pathological situations, including sepsis. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of FBP on platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo in healthy and septic rats and evaluate the use of FBP as a treatment for thrombocytopenia and coagulation abnormalities in abdominal sepsis in rat. FBP inhibited platelet aggregation (P < 0.001) in vitro in healthy rats from the smallest dose tested, 2.5 mM, in a dose-dependent manner. The mean effective dose calculated was 10.6 mM. The highest dose tested, 40 mM, completely inhibited platelet aggregation (P < 0.001) induced by ADP. Platelet aggregation in plasma from septic rats was inhibited only with higher doses of FBP, starting from 20 mM (P < 0.001). The calculated mean effective dose was 19.3 mM. Ex vivo platelet aggregation in septic rats was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than healthy rats and the treatment with FBP, at the dose of 2 g/kg, diminished the platelet aggregation at the extension of 27% (P < 0.001), suggesting that FBP is a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor in vivo. Moreover, treatment with FBP 2 g/kg prevented thrombocytopenia (P < 0.001), prolongation of prothrombin and partial thromboplastin time (P < 0.001), but not fibrinogen, in septic rats. The most important findings in this study are that FBP is a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor, in vitro and ex vivo. It presents protective effects on coagulation abnormalities, which can represent a treatment against DIC. The mechanisms for these effects remain under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biofísica Celular e Inflamação, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Pearson MS, Bethony JM, Pickering DA, de Oliveira LM, Jariwala A, Santiago H, Miles AP, Zhan B, Jiang D, Ranjit N, Mulvenna J, Tribolet L, Plieskatt J, Smith T, Bottazzi ME, Jones K, Keegan B, Hotez PJ, Loukas A. An enzymatically inactivated hemoglobinase from Necator americanus induces neutralizing antibodies against multiple hookworm species and protects dogs against heterologous hookworm infection. FASEB J 2009; 23:3007-19. [PMID: 19380510 PMCID: PMC2735369 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-131433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hookworms digest hemoglobin from erythrocytes via a proteolytic cascade that begins with the aspartic protease, APR-1. Ac-APR-1 from the dog hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, protects dogs against hookworm infection via antibodies that neutralize enzymatic activity and interrupt blood-feeding. Toward developing a human hookworm vaccine, we expressed both wild-type (Na-APR-1wt) and mutant (Na-APR-1mut—mutagenesis of the catalytic aspartic acids) forms of Na-APR-1 from the human hookworm, Necator americanus. Refolded Na-APR-1wt was catalytically active, and Na-APR-1mut was catalytically inactive but still bound substrates. Vaccination of canines with Na-APR-1mut and heterologous challenge with A. caninum resulted in significantly reduced parasite egg burdens (P=0.034) and weight loss (P=0.022). Vaccinated dogs also had less gut pathology, fewer adult worms, and reduced blood loss compared to controls but these did not reach statistical significance. Vaccination with Na-APR-1mut induced antibodies that bound the native enzyme in the parasite gut and neutralized enzymatic activity of Na-APR-1wt and APR-1 orthologues from three other hookworm species that infect humans. IgG1 against Na-APR-1mut was the most prominently detected antibody in sera from people resident in high-transmission areas for N. americanus, indicating that natural boosting may occur in exposed humans. Na-APR-1mut is now a lead antigen for the development of an antihematophagy vaccine for human hookworm disease.—Pearson, M. S., Bethony, J. M., Pickering, D. A., de Oliveira, L. M., Jariwala, A., Santiago, H., Miles, A. P., Zhan, B., Jiang, D., Ranjit, N., Mulvenna, J., Tribolet, L., Plieskatt, J., Smith, T., Bottazzi, M. E., Jones, K., Keegan, B., Hotez, P. J., Loukas, A. An enzymatically inactivated hemoglobinase from Necator americanus induces neutralizing antibodies against multiple hookworm species and protects dogs against heterologous hookworm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Pearson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Queensland Institute of Medical Research and The Australian Centre for Vaccine Development, Brisbane, Australia
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