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Pereira L, Lee SY, Gayraud B, Andrikopoulos K, Shapiro SD, Bunton T, Biery NJ, Dietz HC, Sakai LY, Ramirez F. Pathogenetic sequence for aneurysm revealed in mice underexpressing fibrillin-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:3819-23. [PMID: 10097121 PMCID: PMC22378 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.7.3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissecting aortic aneurysm is the hallmark of Marfan syndrome (MFS) and the result of mutations in fibrillin-1, the major constituent of elastin-associated extracellular microfibrils. It is yet to be established whether dysfunction of fibrillin-1 perturbs the ability of the elastic vessel wall to sustain hemodynamic stress by disrupting microfibrillar assembly, by impairing the homeostasis of established elastic fibers, or by a combination of both mechanisms. The pathogenic sequence responsible for the mechanical collapse of the elastic lamellae in the aortic wall is also unknown. Targeted mutation of the mouse fibrillin-1 gene has recently suggested that deficiency of fibrillin-1 reduces tissue homeostasis rather than elastic fiber formation. Here we describe another gene-targeting mutation, mgR, which shows that underexpression of fibrillin-1 similarly leads to MFS-like manifestations. Histopathological analysis of mgR/mgR specimens implicates medial calcification, the inflammatory-fibroproliferative response, and inflammation-mediated elastolysis in the natural history of dissecting aneurysm. More generally, the phenotypic severity associated with various combinations of normal and mutant fibrillin-1 alleles suggests a threshold phenomenon for the functional collapse of the vessel wall that is based on the level and the integrity of microfibrils.
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Morse LS, Pereira L, Roizman B, Schaffer PA. Anatomy of herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA. X. Mapping of viral genes by analysis of polypeptides and functions specified by HSV-1 X HSV-2 recombinants. J Virol 1978; 26:389-410. [PMID: 207894 PMCID: PMC354077 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.26.2.389-410.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In an earlier paper (Morse et al., J. Virol 24:231--248, 1977) we reported on the provenance of the DNA sequences in 26 herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) X HSV-2 recombinants as determined from analyses of their DNAs with at least five restriction endonucleases. This report deals with the polypeptides specified by the recombinants and by their HSV-1 and HSV-2 parents. We have identified (i) the corresponding HSV-1 and HSV-2 polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 20,000 to more than 200,000, (ii) the polypeptides that undergo rapid post-translational processing, and (iii) polypeptides that vary intratypically in apparent molecular weight. By comparing the segregation patterns of the polypeptides with those of the DNA sequence of the recombinants, we have mapped the templates specifying 26 polypeptides and several viral functions on the physical map of HSV DNA. The data show the following: (i) alpha polypeptides map at the termini of the L and S components of the HSV DNA. Although alpha ICP 27 maps entirely within the reiterated region of the L component, the template for alpha ICP 4 may lie only in part within the reiterated sequences of the S component. Of note is the finding that cells infected with a recombinant that contains both HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA sequences in the S component produced alpha ICP 4 of both HSV-1 and HSV-2. (ii) Templates specifying beta and gamma polypeptides map in the L component and appear to be randomly distributed. (iii) Thymidine kinase and resistance to phosphonoacetic acid mapped in the L component. In addition, we have taken advantage of the rapid inhibition of host protein synthesis characteristic of HSV-2 infections and syncytial plaque morphology to also map the template(s) responsible for these functions in the L component. The implications of the template arrangement in HSV DNA are discussed.
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Pereira L, Andrikopoulos K, Tian J, Lee SY, Keene DR, Ono R, Reinhardt DP, Sakai LY, Biery NJ, Bunton T, Dietz HC, Ramirez F. Targetting of the gene encoding fibrillin-1 recapitulates the vascular aspect of Marfan syndrome. Nat Genet 1997; 17:218-22. [PMID: 9326947 DOI: 10.1038/ng1097-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm and dissection account for about 2% of all deaths in industrialized countries; they are also components of several genetic diseases, including Marfan syndrome (MFS). The vascular phenotype of MFS results from mutations in fibrillin-1 (FBN1), the major constituent of extracellular microfibrils. Microfibrils, either associated with or devoid of elastin, give rise to a variety of extracellular networks in elastic and non-elastic tissues. It is believed that microfibrils regulate elastic fibre formation by guiding tropo-elastin deposition during embryogenesis and early post-natal life. Hence, vascular disease in MFS is thought to result when FBN1 mutations preclude elastic fibre maturation by disrupting microfibrillar assembly. Here we report a gene-targetting experiment in mice that indicates that fibrillin-1 microfibrils are predominantly engaged in tissue homeostasis rather than elastic matrix assembly. This finding, in turn, suggests that aortic dilation is due primarily to the failure by the microfibrillar array of the adventitia to sustain physiological haemodynamic stress, and that disruption of the elastic network of the media is a secondary event.
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Pereira L, D'Alessio M, Ramirez F, Lynch JR, Sykes B, Pangilinan T, Bonadio J. Genomic organization of the sequence coding for fibrillin, the defective gene product in Marfan syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 1993; 2:961-8. [PMID: 8364578 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/2.7.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome results from mutations in an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, fibrillin. Previous studies have characterized approximately 6.9-kb of the estimated 10-kb fibrillin transcript. We have now completed the primary structure of fibrillin, elucidated the exon/intron organization of the gene and derived a physical map of the genetic locus. Pre-fibrillin consists of 2,871 amino acids which, excluding the signal peptide, are arranged into five structurally distinct regions. The largest of these regions comprises about 75% of the entire protein and consists of numerous repeated cysteine-rich sequences homologous to the peptide motifs of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-beta binding protein (TGF-bp). Forty-three of the forty-six EGF-like repeats contain a calcium binding consensus sequence (EGF-CB) conceivably mediating protein-protein interactions. Fibrillin exhibits a few additional cysteine-rich modules that are apparently unique to this macromolecule and may represent evolutionary variants of the EGF-CB and TGF-bp motifs. Almost all of the cysteine-rich repeats are encoded by single exons; consequently, the fibrillin gene is relatively large (approximately 110-kb) and highly fragmented (65 exons). This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the fibrillin gene and relevant information for the full characterization of Marfan syndrome mutations.
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Fisher S, Genbacev O, Maidji E, Pereira L. Human cytomegalovirus infection of placental cytotrophoblasts in vitro and in utero: implications for transmission and pathogenesis. J Virol 2000; 74:6808-20. [PMID: 10888620 PMCID: PMC112198 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.15.6808-6820.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2000] [Accepted: 04/28/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of prenatal viral infection. Affected infants may suffer intrauterine growth retardation and serious neurologic impairment. Analysis of spontaneously aborted conceptuses shows that CMV infects the placenta before the embryo or fetus. In the human hemochorial placenta, maternal blood directly contacts syncytiotrophoblasts that cover chorionic villi and cytotrophoblasts that invade uterine vessels, suggesting possible routes for CMV transmission. To test this hypothesis, we exposed first-trimester chorionic villi and isolated cytotrophoblasts to CMV in vitro. In chorionic villi, syncytiotrophoblasts did not become infected, although clusters of underlying cytotrophoblasts expressed viral proteins. In chorionic villi that were infected with CMV in utero, syncytiotrophoblasts were often spared, whereas cytotrophoblasts and other cells of the villous core expressed viral proteins. Isolated cytotrophoblasts were also permissive for CMV replication in vitro; significantly, infection subsequently impaired the cytotrophoblasts' ability to differentiate and invade. These results suggest two possible routes of CMV transmission to the fetus: (i) across syncytiotrophoblasts with subsequent infection of the underlying cytotrophoblasts and (ii) via invasive cytotrophoblasts within the uterine wall. Furthermore, the observation that CMV infection impairs critical aspects of cytotrophoblast function offers testable hypotheses for explaining the deleterious effects of this virus on pregnancy outcome.
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Pereira L, Wolff MH, Fenwick M, Roizman B. Regulation of herpesvirus macromolecular synthesis. V. Properties of alpha polypeptides made in HSV-1 and HSV-2 infected cells. Virology 1977; 77:733-49. [PMID: 193259 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48 |
217 |
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Pereira L, Klassen T, Baringer JR. Type-common and type-specific monoclonal antibody to herpes simplex virus type 1. Infect Immun 1980; 29:724-32. [PMID: 6260657 PMCID: PMC551186 DOI: 10.1128/iai.29.2.724-732.1980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridoma cells produced by fusing mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice primed with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 yielded five clones producing neutralizing antibody against homologous virus. Two clones, HCl and HC2, produced antibody capable of precipitating glycoprotein C and its precursor, whereas three clones, HD1, HD2, and HD3, produced antibody capable of precipitating glycoprotein D and its precursor. Antibody produced by the HC1 and HC2 clones neutralized HSV type 1 but not HSV type 2 or HSV type 1 strain MP, which is known to lack glycoprotein C. Antibody produced by the HD1 and HD2 clones neutralized both HSV type 1 and HSV type 2, whereas antibody produced by the HD3 clone neutralized HSV type 1 but not HSV type 2. The two clones which produced antibody to glycoprotein C and the two clones which produced type-common antibody to glycoprotein D were independently derived and not clonally related inasmuch as the antibody in each pair belonged to a different subclass of immunoglobulin.
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45 |
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Yurochko AD, Hwang ES, Rasmussen L, Keay S, Pereira L, Huang ES. The human cytomegalovirus UL55 (gB) and UL75 (gH) glycoprotein ligands initiate the rapid activation of Sp1 and NF-kappaB during infection. J Virol 1997; 71:5051-9. [PMID: 9188570 PMCID: PMC191738 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.7.5051-5059.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular transcription factors Sp1 and NF-kappaB were upregulated shortly after the binding of purified live or UV-inactivated human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to the cell surface. The rapid time frame of transcription factor induction is similar to that seen in other systems in which cellular factors are induced following receptor-ligand engagement. This similarity suggested that a cellular receptor-viral ligand interaction might be involved in Sp1 and NF-kappaB activation during the earliest stages of HCMV infection. To focus on the possible role viral ligands play in initiating cellular events following infection, we first used purified viral membrane extracts to demonstrate that constituents on the membrane are responsible for cellular activation. Additionally, these studies showed, through the use of neutralizing antibodies, that the viral membrane mediators of this activation are the major envelope glycoproteins gB (UL55) and gH (UL75). To confirm these results, neutralizing anti-gB and -gH antibodies were used to block the interactions of these glycoproteins on whole purified virus with their cell surface receptors. In so doing, we found that Sp1 and NF-kappaB induction was inhibited. Lastly, through the use of purified viral gB protein and an anti-idiotypic antibody that mimics the image of the viral gH protein, it was found that the engagement of individual viral ligands with their appropriate cell surface receptors was sufficient to activate cellular Sp1 and NF-kappaB. These results support our hypothesis that HCMV glycoproteins mediate an initial signal transduction pathway which leads to the upregulation of host cell transcription factors and suggests a model wherein the orderly sequence of virus-mediated changes in cellular activation initiates with viral binding via envelope glycoproteins to the cognate cellular receptor(s).
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Navarro D, Paz P, Tugizov S, Topp K, La Vail J, Pereira L. Glycoprotein B of human cytomegalovirus promotes virion penetration into cells, transmission of infection from cell to cell, and fusion of infected cells. Virology 1993; 197:143-58. [PMID: 7692667 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1993.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein B (gB) is an abundant glycoprotein in the virion envelope that elicits neutralizing antibodies in human infection and in immunized animals. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to gB with neutralizing activity, we analyzed in detail the mechanisms by which these antibodies block HCMV infection. Twelve antibodies with complement-independent neutralizing activity were studied for their effect on the attachment of virions to the cell surface, virion penetration into cells, the transmission of infection from cell to cell, and fusion of infected cells. All of the complement-independent antibodies blocked penetration of virions into cells but had no effect on virion attachment to the cell surface. The most potent neutralizing antibodies also limited the spread of infection from cell to cell. Fusion of HCMV-infected U373 glioblastoma cells was blocked by all but two of the neutralizing antibodies to gB, suggesting that fusion of infected cells is similar but not identical to the fusion of the virion envelope with the cell membrane that occurs during virion entry. Our findings provide the first evidence that HCMV gB is a multifunctional glycoprotein that promotes virion penetration into cells, the transmission of infection from cell to cell, and fusion of infected U373 cells.
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Ackermann M, Braun DK, Pereira L, Roizman B. Characterization of herpes simplex virus 1 alpha proteins 0, 4, and 27 with monoclonal antibodies. J Virol 1984; 52:108-18. [PMID: 6090689 PMCID: PMC254496 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.52.1.108-118.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyses of the reactivity and patterns of synthesis of infected cell polypeptides (ICPs) specified by herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2 and by HSV-1 X HSV-2 recombinants indicated that monoclonal antibody H1183 reacted with HSV-1 alpha ICP0, whereas monoclonal antibody H1113 reacted with both HSV-1 and HSV-2 alpha ICP27. H1083 and H1113 and a monoclonal antibody to ICP4 (H640) similar to one previously described (D. K. Braun et al., J. Virol. 46:103-112.) were then used to study the properties of these alpha proteins. The results were as follows: alpha ICP0, ICP4, and ICP27 accumulated primarily in the nuclei of infected cells. ICP4 and ICP27 were poorly soluble in nondenaturing buffer solutions. ICP0 was considerably more soluble than ICP4 and ICP27. ICP0, ICP4, and ICP27 were readily partially purified by immunoaffinity chromatography from lysates of infected cells solubilized with denaturing agents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate. ICP0 and ICP27 were phosphorylated in cells overlaid with medium containing 32P early (1 to 3 h) or late (18 to 20 h) postinfection. A fraction, but not all, 32P that was incorporated early was chased in the presence of unlabeled phosphate. ICP0, ICP4, and ICP27 labeled with either 32P or [35S]methionine yielded multiple spots upon two-dimensional separations. However, ICP4 quantitatively precipitated at the origin when the migration in the first dimension was from acid to base, and both ICP4 and ICP27 partially precipitated at the origin when the direction of migration was reversed.
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Cohen GH, Dietzschold B, Ponce de Leon M, Long D, Golub E, Varrichio A, Pereira L, Eisenberg RJ. Localization and synthesis of an antigenic determinant of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D that stimulates the production of neutralizing antibody. J Virol 1984; 49:102-8. [PMID: 6197535 PMCID: PMC255430 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.49.1.102-108.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An antigenic determinant capable of inducing type-common herpes simplex virus (HSV)-neutralizing antibodies has been located on glycoprotein D (gD) of HSV type 1 (HSV-1). A peptide of 16 amino acids corresponding to residues 8 to 23 of the mature glycoprotein (residues 33 to 48 of the predicted gD-1 sequence) was synthesized. This peptide reacted with an anti-gD monoclonal antibody (group VII) previously shown to neutralize the infectivity of HSV-1 and HSV-2. The peptide was also recognized by polyclonal antibodies prepared against purified gD-1 but was less reactive with anti-gD-2 sera. Sera from animals immunized with the synthetic peptide reacted with native gD and neutralized both HSV-1 and HSV-2.
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Pereira L, Dondero DV, Gallo D, Devlin V, Woodie JD. Serological analysis of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 with monoclonal antibodies. Infect Immun 1982; 35:363-7. [PMID: 6172383 PMCID: PMC351039 DOI: 10.1128/iai.35.1.363-367.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A panel of monoclonal antibodies to herpes simplex virus glycoproteins was used for serological analysis of 130 strains. Based on specific immunological determinants, strains of each serotype clustered into subgroups. Monoclonal antibodies were suitable reagents for serotyping and have potential application to epidemiology of herpes simplex virus infections.
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Gupta DK, Nicoloso FT, Schetinger MRC, Rossato LV, Pereira LB, Castro GY, Srivastava S, Tripathi RD. Antioxidant defense mechanism in hydroponically grown Zea mays seedlings under moderate lead stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 172:479-84. [PMID: 19625122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to study the process of stress adaptation in roots and shoot of Zea mays seedlings grown under hydroponic conditions during exposure to lead (Pb) (0-200 microM) for 1-7 d. The alterations in growth and in the level of various biochemical parameters were accessed vis-à-vis Pb accumulation. The accumulation of Pb increased in a concentration-duration-dependent manner, however its translocation from root to shoot was low. At the same time, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased with increasing Pb concentration. However, growth parameters, such as dry weight and root length did not show a significant decline to any of the Pb concentrations. In addition, the level of photosynthetic pigments decreased only upon exposure to high Pb concentrations. These results suggested an alleviation of the stress that was presumably being achieved by antioxidants viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as ascorbic acid (AsA), which increased linearly with increasing Pb levels and exposure time. However, the level of non-protein thiols (NP-SH) in roots, in general, showed a decline beyond 4d that could be attributed to their consumption for the purpose of Pb detoxification. In conclusion, Zea mays can be used as an indicator species for Pb, and the various antioxidants might play a key role in the detoxification of Pb induced toxic effects.
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Lee FK, Coleman RM, Pereira L, Bailey PD, Tatsuno M, Nahmias AJ. Detection of herpes simplex virus type 2-specific antibody with glycoprotein G. J Clin Microbiol 1985; 22:641-4. [PMID: 3001136 PMCID: PMC268483 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.22.4.641-644.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A recently described herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 (HSV-2)-specific glycoprotein (gG-2) was purified on an immunoaffinity column prepared with monoclonal antibody. This purified antigen was used in an immunodot enzymatic assay on nitrocellulose paper for the detection of HSV-2 antibodies in human serum. The test was very sensitive in that HSV-2 antibodies were detected in the convalescent sera of 132 of 134 patients with recurrent genital infections in which HSV-2 had been isolated earlier. Antibodies to gG-2 were detected in 17% of sera obtained within 10 days after the onset of a primary HSV infection and in 95% of sera obtained more than 10 days after onset. The specificity of the immunodot assay was demonstrated by testing sera from 245 HSV-seronegative adults, 344 children, 29 nuns, and 13 patients with primary genital HSV-1 infections. None of these 631 sera was reactive with the gG-2 antigen. When compared with a microneutralization test, the immunodot assay was found to be more specific in detecting HSV-2 antibodies. Reproducibility of the gG-2 assay, obtained by retesting 391 sera, was 95%. Thus, this assay has the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility necessary for the measurement of HSV-2 antibodies in seroepidemiological studies.
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Pereira L, Hoffman M, Gallo D, Cremer N. Monoclonal antibodies to human cytomegalovirus: three surface membrane proteins with unique immunological and electrophoretic properties specify cross-reactive determinants. Infect Immun 1982; 36:924-32. [PMID: 6178693 PMCID: PMC551419 DOI: 10.1128/iai.36.3.924-932.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Seventy-seven clones of hybridomas selected for reactivity by immunofluorescence with human cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected cells were produced by fusing mouse myeloma cells with the spleen cells of mice immunized with CMV strain AD169. The clones were classified into seven groups on the basis of the electrophoretic properties of the polypeptides immune precipitated from extracts of CMV-infected cells. Studies on the three groups of monoclonal antibodies directed against CMV surface membrane antigens showed the following. Clones in each group were differentiated by immunoglobulin subclass, neutralizing activity, and reactivity with the antigenic domains of proteins exposed on the surface membranes of intact CMV-infected cells. Monoclonal antibodies in each group precipitated one slowly migrating protein and multiple faster migrating forms which shared antigenic determinants. The first group of monoclonal antibodies precipitated four glycosylated polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 130,000, 110,000, 100,000, and 60,000. Monoclonal antibody CH51 of this group neutralized infectious virus but failed to react with antigenic domains on the surfaces of infected cells. The second group of monoclonal antibodies precipitated four polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of approximately 66,000, 55,000, 50,000, and 46,000. Monoclonal antibodies CH65 and CH134 in this group had neutralizing activity and reacted with antigenic domains of proteins exposed on the surface of CMV-infected cells. The third group of monoclonal antibodies precipitated four polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 49,000, 48,000, 34,000, and 25,000. Serological analysis of 15 naturally occurring CMV strains with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to surface membrane proteins showed that the antigenic determinants reactive with the antibodies tested were conserved in all of the strains. Monoclonal antibodies to surface membrane proteins on CMV-infected cells may prove to be valuable reagents for identification of virus isolates.
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Dix RD, Pereira L, Baringer JR. Use of monoclonal antibody directed against herpes simplex virus glycoproteins to protect mice against acute virus-induced neurological disease. Infect Immun 1981; 34:192-9. [PMID: 6271681 PMCID: PMC350842 DOI: 10.1128/iai.34.1.192-199.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies HCl and HD1, directed against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoproteins gC and gD, respectively, were evaluated for their ability to passively immunize mice against acute virus-induced neurological disease after footpad inoculation with HSV-1 or herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Control virus-infected mice receiving a single intraperitoneal injection of normal serum died within 7 to 10 days after the spread of virus from footpad to spinal cord and brain. However, a single intraperitoneal injection of either HCl or HD1 antibody protected mice from neurological illness and death when administered to HSV-1 (strain HTZ)-infected mice at either 2 h before virus challenge or at 24 h after virus inoculation. To determine the in vivo specificity of the antibodies, passive transfer studies were performed with mice infected with the MP strain of HSV-1, a mutant of HSV-1 (mP) which is defective in the production of glycoprotein gC. Whereas HD1 antibody decreased the incidence of neurological illness in MP- and mP-infected mice, HCl antibody, which protected mP-infected animals, failed to protect mice infected with the MP strain. When HD1 antibody was administered to HSV-2 (strain G)-infected mice at either 2 h before virus challenge or at 6 h (but not 24 h) after virus inoculation, 100% of the infected animals receiving HD1 antibody survived. In contrast, 100% of HSV-2 (strain G)-infected animals passively immunized with HCl antibody developed neurological illness and died. These results provide in vivo evidence that the HSV-induced glycoprotein gC expresses type-specific antigenic determinants, whereas glycoprotein gD expresses type-common determinants.
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Abstract
Fibrillins 1 and 2 are the main constituents of the extracellular microfibrils responsible for the biomechanical properties of most tissues and organs. They are cysteine-rich glycoproteins predominantly made of multiple repeats homologous to the calcium-binding epidermal growth factor module, and are translated as precursor proteins cleaved by furine/PACE-like activities. Fibrillins polymerize extracellularly as parallel bundles of head-to-tail monomers. Binding to calcium rigidifies the structure of the monomers and the supramolecular organization of the macroaggregates. Fibrillin-1 mutations result in the pleiotropic manifestations of Marfan syndrome, and fibrillin-2 alterations cause the overlapping phenotype of congenital contractural arachnodactyly. It is hypothesized that fibrillin-2 guides elastogenesis, whereas fibrillin-1 provides force-bearing structural support. Gene targeting work in the mouse is shedding new light on their distinct and overlapping contributions to tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. It is also providing an animal model in which to test therapies aimed at reducing hemodynamic stress and the collapse of the aortic matrix during dissecting aneurysm.
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Lee FK, Pereira L, Griffin C, Reid E, Nahmias A. A novel glycoprotein for detection of herpes simplex virus type 1-specific antibodies. J Virol Methods 1986; 14:111-8. [PMID: 3021801 DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(86)90041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-specific glycoprotein reactive with monoclonal antibody H1379 was purified by affinity chromatography. This glycoprotein, provisionally designated as gG-1, forms two sets of bands with molecular weights of 40-44,000 and 60-88,000. When used in an immunodot enzymatic assay, gG-1 reacted strongly with rabbit antisera to HSV-1, but not with sera hyperimmune to HSV-2. Specificity of the assay was further established by the lack of reactivity of convalescent sera collected from 20 patients with primary genital HSV-2 infections, and from 100 sero-negative individuals. In contrast, antibodies to gG-1 were detected in 9 of 10 patients with primary HSV-1 infection, and in 63/67 patients with culture-positive, recurrent oral or genital HSV-1 infection. Reproducibility of the gG-1 immunodot assay for HSV-1 antibody detection was 96%. Serological assay with purified gG-1, done in parallel with the assay using purified gG-2 described in an earlier report, provides simple and reliable methods to detect type-specific HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies for seroepidemiological studies.
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Pereira L, Levran O, Ramirez F, Lynch JR, Sykes B, Pyeritz RE, Dietz HC. A molecular approach to the stratification of cardiovascular risk in families with Marfan's syndrome. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:148-53. [PMID: 8008028 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199407213310302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fibrillin gene encodes a protein in the extracellular matrix, and this protein is widely distributed in elastic tissues. The fibrillin gene is the site of mutations causing Marfan's syndrome. This disorder shows a high degree of clinical variability both between and within families. Each family appears to have a unique mutation in the fibrillin gene, which precludes the routine use of mutation screening for presymptomatic diagnosis of the disorder. The goal of this study was to develop a widely applicable method of molecular diagnosis. METHODS We used three newly characterized intragenic sites of normal DNA repeat-sequence variation (i.e., polymorphisms) as markers to follow the inheritance pattern of specific copies (alleles) of the fibrillin gene in multiple kindreds with various clinical features of Marfan's syndrome. RESULTS The polymorphic markers allowed identification of the particular copy of the fibrillin gene that cosegregated with Marfan's syndrome in 13 of the 14 families tested. In 11 families a definite presymptomatic diagnosis of Marfan's syndrome could be made in family members who had only equivocal manifestations of the disorder. In two other families, some family members demonstrated either classic Marfan's syndrome or a milder but closely related phenotype. The copy of the fibrillin gene that cosegregated with classic Marfan's syndrome was not inherited by family members with the latter, atypical, form of the disease. These milder phenotypes, previously diagnosed as Marfan's syndrome, were not associated with aortic involvement. CONCLUSIONS These results document the usefulness of novel polymorphic DNA repeat sequences in the presymptomatic diagnosis of Marfan's syndrome. Our findings also demonstrate that the various clinical phenotypes seen in selected families may be due not to single fibrillin mutations, but rather to different genetic alterations. These findings underscore the need for a modification of the current diagnostic criteria for Marfan's syndrome in order to achieve accurate risk assessment.
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Braun DK, Pereira L, Norrild B, Roizman B. Application of denatured, electrophoretically separated, and immobilized lysates of herpes simplex virus-infected cells for detection of monoclonal antibodies and for studies of the properties of viral proteins. J Virol 1983; 46:103-12. [PMID: 6298448 PMCID: PMC255097 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.46.1.103-112.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the use of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)- and HSV-2-infected cell polypeptides (ICPs) separated by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels and transferred to nitrocellulose to (i) detect monoclonal antibodies to viral polypeptides and to (ii) study the properties of the proteins with the monoclonal antibodies. Our results were as follows. (i) When the antigens were electrophoretically separated in denaturing gels and then immobilized on nitrocellulose strips, we detected a greater diversity of monoclonal antibodies to viral proteins than when we used the technique of immune precipitation of soluble, nondenatured viral antigens. The primary advantage of the technique is in the detection of nonprecipitating antibody and of antibody to poorly soluble antigens not available for reaction in preparations cleared by high-speed centrifugation before immune reaction. (ii) Studies of the viral polypeptides reactive with three monoclonal antibodies indicated that the technique can be used to investigate several properties of the antigens. Specifically, monoclonal antibody to ICP 4 confirmed the accumulation of viral protein in the nucleus and the mapping of the gene in the S component. The results showed, however, that HSV-1 and HSV-2 ICP 4 do have common antigenic determinants. The reaction of a nonprecipitating monoclonal antibody with electrophoretically separated, immobilized polypeptides contained in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions, those chemically deglycosylated, or those specified by specific HSV-1 x HSV-2 intertypic recombinants identified the antigens reactive with the second monoclonal antibody as various forms of glycoprotein gC. Of particular interest was a set of four antigens, 39,000 to 46,500 in apparent molecular weight, reactive with each of several monoclonal antibodies. These studies showed that two polypeptides partition in the cytoplasm and two in the nucleus and that all comap with the previously mapped ICPs 35 and 37 in the region of the genome defined by the viral thymidine kinase gene on the left and the glycoprotein gA/B gene on the right. Unlike ICP 4 and gC, the four polypeptides are linked by intermolecular bisulfide bonds, inasmuch as the polypeptides were not at the expected locations upon denaturation and electrophoresis in the absence of reducing agents.
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Gaspar D, Fernandes SN, de Oliveira AG, Fernandes JG, Grey P, Pontes RV, Pereira L, Martins R, Godinho MH, Fortunato E. Nanocrystalline cellulose applied simultaneously as the gate dielectric and the substrate in flexible field effect transistors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:094008. [PMID: 24522012 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/9/094008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cotton-based nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), also known as nanopaper, one of the major sources of renewable materials, is a promising substrate and component for producing low cost fully recyclable flexible paper electronic devices and systems due to its properties (lightweight, stiffness, non-toxicity, transparency, low thermal expansion, gas impermeability and improved mechanical properties).Here, we have demonstrated for the first time a thin transparent nanopaper-based field effect transistor (FET) where NCC is simultaneously used as the substrate and as the gate dielectric layer in an 'interstrate' structure, since the device is built on both sides of the NCC films; while the active channel layer is based on oxide amorphous semiconductors, the gate electrode is based on a transparent conductive oxide.Such hybrid FETs present excellent operating characteristics such as high channel saturation mobility (>7 cm(2) V (-1) s(-1)), drain-source current on/off modulation ratio higher than 10(5), enhancement n-type operation and subthreshold gate voltage swing of 2.11 V/decade. The NCC film FET characteristics have been measured in air ambient conditions and present good stability, after two weeks of being processed, without any type of encapsulation or passivation layer. The results obtained are comparable to ones produced for conventional cellulose paper, marking this out as a promising approach for attaining high-performance disposable electronics such as paper displays, smart labels, smart packaging, RFID (radio-frequency identification) and point-of-care systems for self-analysis in bioscience applications, among others.
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Pereira L, Prata MJ, Amorim A. Diversity of mtDNA lineages in Portugal: not a genetic edge of European variation. Ann Hum Genet 2000; 64:491-506. [PMID: 11281213 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.2000.6460491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of the hypervariable regions I and II of mitochondrial DNA in Portugal showed that this Iberian population presents a higher level of diversity than some neighbouring populations. The classification of the different sequences into haplogroups revealed the presence of all the most important European haplogroups, including those that expanded through Europe in the Palaeolithic, and those whose expansion has occurred during the Neolithic. Additionally a rather distinct African influence was detected in this Portuguese survey, as signalled by the distributions of haplogroups U6 and L, present at higher frequencies than those usually reported in Iberian populations. The geographical distributions of both haplogroups were quite different, with U6 being restricted to North Portugal whereas L was widespread all over the country. This seems to point to different population movements as the main contributors for the two haplogroup introductions. We hypothesise that the recent Black African slave trade could have been the mediator of most of the L sequence inputs, while the population movement associated with the Muslim rule of Iberia has predominantly introduced U6 lineages.
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Eisenberg RJ, Ponce de Leon M, Pereira L, Long D, Cohen GH. Purification of glycoprotein gD of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 by use of monoclonal antibody. J Virol 1982; 41:1099-1104. [PMID: 6284965 PMCID: PMC256850 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.41.3.1099-1104.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins gD-1 and gD-2 of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, respectively, were purified on an immunoadsorbent consisting of the type-common monoclonal antibody HD-1 linked to Sepharose. Each glycoprotein was of sufficient purity, quantity, and biological activity to be used for immunological and biochemical studies. Each glycoprotein induced high titers of type-common monospecific neutralizing antibody in mice. Amino aicd analysis indicated that gD-1 and gD-2 had similar though not identical amino acid compositions.
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Wooden SK, Li LJ, Navarro D, Qadri I, Pereira L, Lee AS. Transactivation of the grp78 promoter by malfolded proteins, glycosylation block, and calcium ionophore is mediated through a proximal region containing a CCAAT motif which interacts with CTF/NF-I. Mol Cell Biol 1991; 11:5612-5623. [PMID: 1656235 PMCID: PMC361932 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.11.5612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that can form stable associations with a variety of proteins retained in the ER because of underglycosylation or other conformational changes. In this study, we provide evidence at the transcriptional level that a conformationally abnormal protein, an altered herpes simplex virus type 1 envelope protein that is retained in the ER of a mammalian cell line, transactivates the grp78 promoter. In contrast, the normal viral envelope glycoprotein does not elevate grp78 promoter activity. Using a series of 5' deletions, linker-scanning, and internal deletion mutations spanning a 100-bp region from -179 to -80, we correlate the cis-acting regulatory elements mediating the activation of grp78 by malfolded proteins, glycosylation block, and the calcium ionophore A23187. We show that they all act through the same control elements, suggesting that they share a common signal. We report here that the highly conserved grp element, while important for basal level and induced grp78 expression, is functionally redundant. The single most important element, by linker-scanning analysis, is a 10-bp region that contains a CCAAT motif. It alone is not sufficient for promoter activity, but a 40-bp region (-129 to -90) that contains this motif is essential for mediating basal level and stress inducibility of the grp78 promoter. We show that the transcription factor CTF/NF-I is able to transactivate the grp78 promoter through interaction with this CCAAT motif.
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Roizman B, Norrild B, Chan C, Pereira L. Identification and preliminary mapping with monoclonal antibodies of a herpes simplex virus 2 glycoprotein lacking a known type 1 counterpart. Virology 1984; 133:242-7. [PMID: 6199891 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(84)90447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The properties of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)-specific proteins reactive with monoclonal antibody H966 derived from mice immunized with HSV-2 strain G are reported. The reactive proteins contained in infected cell lysates subjected to electrophoresis in denaturing gels and transferred to nitrocellulose sheets form a relatively sharp band characteristic of Mr 124,000 proteins and a diffuse, more slowly migrating band. Antigens reactive with H966 were detected on the surface of viable, unfixed cells. The electrophoretic mobility of the H966-reactive proteins made in the presence of tunicamycin was more rapid than that of the proteins made in the absence of the drug. Direct evidence that the HSV-2-specific antigen was a glycoprotein emerged from purification of [14C]glucosamine-labeled proteins with similar electrophoretic mobilities by immunoabsorption to H966 bound to Sepharose beads. Analyses of the reactivity of HSV-1 X HSV-2 recombinants indicated the gene specifying the glycoprotein maps in the S component of the DNA. The glycoprotein detected by H966 has no known counterpart in HSV-1 and corresponds to the glycoprotein previously designated as gC of HSV-2 and reported to map to the right of gC specified by HSV-1. Inasmuch as an HSV-2 gene colinear with HSV-1 gC has been reported to specify a glycoprotein currently designated as gC of HSV-2 by Para et al. [J. Virol. 45, 1223-1227 (1983)], the glycoprotein identified by H966 should be designated as gG.
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