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Balbi M, Vanni MP, Silasi G, Sekino Y, Bolanos L, LeDue JM, Murphy TH. Targeted ischemic stroke induction and mesoscopic imaging assessment of blood flow and ischemic depolarization in awake mice. Neurophotonics 2017; 4:035001. [PMID: 28721356 PMCID: PMC5512458 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.3.035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in experimental stroke models, confounding factors such as anesthetics used during stroke induction remain. Furthermore, imaging of blood flow during stroke is not routinely done. We take advantage of in vivo bihemispheric transcranial windows for longitudinal mesoscopic imaging of cortical function to establish a protocol for focal ischemic stroke induction in target brain regions using photothrombosis in awake head-fixed mice. Our protocol does not require any surgical steps at the time of stroke induction or anesthetics during either head fixation or photoactivation. In addition, we performed laser speckle contrast imaging and wide-field calcium imaging to reveal the effect of cortical spreading ischemic depolarization after stroke in both anesthetized and awake animals over a spatial scale encompassing both hemispheres. With our combined approach, we observed ischemic depolarizing waves (3 to [Formula: see text]) propagating across the cortex 1 to 5 min after stroke induction in genetically encoded calcium indicator mice. Measures of blood flow by laser speckle were correlated with neurological impairment and lesion volume, suggesting a metric for reducing experimental variability. The ability to follow brain dynamics immediately after stroke as well as during recovery may provide a valuable guide to develop activity-dependent therapeutic interventions to be performed shortly after stroke induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Balbi
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavillion, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthieu P. Vanni
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavillion, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gergely Silasi
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavillion, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuki Sekino
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavillion, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luis Bolanos
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavillion, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M. LeDue
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavillion, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Timothy H. Murphy
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychiatry, Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, Detwiller Pavillion, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Varney ME, Choi K, Bolanos L, Christie S, Fang J, Grimes HL, Maciejewski JP, Inoue JI, Starczynowski DT. Epistasis between TIFAB and miR-146a: neighboring genes in del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemia 2016; 31:491-495. [PMID: 27733775 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M E Varney
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K Choi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - L Bolanos
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Christie
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Fang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H L Grimes
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J-I Inoue
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D T Starczynowski
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Bolanos L, Brewin NJ, Bonilla I. Effects of Boron on Rhizobium-Legume Cell-Surface Interactions and Nodule Development. Plant Physiol 1996; 110:1249-1256. [PMID: 12226256 PMCID: PMC160918 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.4.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for the development of nitrogen-fixing root nodules in pea (Pisum sativum). By using monoclonal antibodies that recognize specific glycoconjugate components implicated in legume root-nodule development, we investigated the effects of low B on the formation of infection threads and the colonization of pea nodules by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae. In B-deficient nodules the proportion of infected host cells was much lower than in nodules from plants supplied with normal quantities of B. Moreover, the host cells often developed enlarged and abnormally shaped infection threads that frequently burst, releasing bacteria into damaged host cells. There was also an over-production of plant matrix material in which the rhizobial cells were embedded during their progression through the infection thread. Furthermore, in a series of in vitro binding studies, we demonstrated that the presence of B can change the affinity with which the bacterial cell surface interacts with the peribacteroid membrane glycocalyx relative to its interaction with intercellular plant matrix glycoprotein. From these observations we suggest that B plays an important role in mediating cell-surface interactions that lead to endocytosis of rhizobia by host cells and hence to the correct establishment of the symbiosis between pea and Rhizobium.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Bolanos
- Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain (L.B., I.B.)
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Lloret J, Bolanos L, Lucas MM, Peart JM, Brewin NJ, Bonilla I, Rivilla R. Ionic Stress and Osmotic Pressure Induce Different Alterations in the Lipopolysaccharide of a Rhizobium meliloti Strain. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61:3701-4. [PMID: 16535151 PMCID: PMC1388713 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.10.3701-3704.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A halotolerant strain of Rhizobium meliloti was isolated from nodules of a Melilotus plant growing in a salt marsh in Donana National Park (southwest Spain). This strain, EFB1, is able to grow at NaCl concentrations of up to 500 mM, and no effect on growth is produced by 300 mM NaCl. EFB1 showed alterations on its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure that can be related to salt stress: (i) silver-stained electrophoretic profiles showed a different mobility that was dependent on ionic stress but not on osmotic pressure, and (ii) a monoclonal antibody, JIM 40, recognized changes in LPS that were dependent on osmotic stress. Both modifications on LPS may form part of the adaptive mechanism of this bacterium for saline environments.
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Bolanos L, Esteban E, De Lorenzo C, Fernandez-Pascual M, De Felipe MR, Garate A, Bonilla I. Essentiality of Boron for Symbiotic Dinitrogen Fixation in Pea (Pisum sativum) Rhizobium Nodules. Plant Physiol 1994; 104:85-90. [PMID: 12232064 PMCID: PMC159165 DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of boron deficiency on symbiotic nitrogen fixation in pea (Pisum sativum) was examined. The absence of boron in the culture medium resulted in a decrease of the number of nodules and an alteration of nodule development leading to an inhibition of nitrogenase activity. Examination of boron-deficient nodules showed dramatic changes in cell walls and in both peribacteroid and infection thread membranes, suggesting a role for boron in the stability of these structures. These results indicate that boron is a requirement for normal nodule development and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Bolanos
- Departamento de Biologia (L.B., I.B.), and Departamento de Quimica Agricola (E.E., A.G.), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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