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El‐Ayoubi A, Arakelyan A, Klawitter M, Merk L, Hakobyan S, Gonzalez‐Menendez I, Quintanilla Fend L, Holm PS, Mikulits W, Schwab M, Danielyan L, Naumann U. Development of an optimized, non-stem cell line for intranasal delivery of therapeutic cargo to the central nervous system. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:528-546. [PMID: 38115217 PMCID: PMC10920084 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are considered to be valuable candidates for delivering a variety of anti-cancer agents, including oncolytic viruses, to brain tumors. However, owing to the previously reported tumorigenic potential of NSC cell lines after intranasal administration (INA), here we identified the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 as a cell type capable of longer resistance to replication of oncolytic adenoviruses (OAVs) as a therapeutic cargo, and that is non-tumorigenic after INA. Our data show that LX-2 cells can longer withstand the OAV XVir-N-31 replication and oncolysis than NSCs. By selecting the highly migratory cell population out of LX-2, an offspring cell line with a higher and more stable capability to migrate was generated. Additionally, as a safety backup, we applied genomic herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) integration into LX-2, leading to high vulnerability to ganciclovir (GCV). Histopathological analyses confirmed the absence of neoplasia in the respiratory tracts and brains of immuno-compromised mice 3 months after INA of LX-2 cells. Our data suggest that LX-2 is a novel, robust, and safe cell line for delivering anti-cancer and other therapeutic agents to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali El‐Ayoubi
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center NeurologyUniversity Hospital of TübingenGermany
| | - Arsen Arakelyan
- Research Group of BioinformaticsInstitute of Molecular Biology NAS RAYerevanArmenia
| | - Moritz Klawitter
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center NeurologyUniversity Hospital of TübingenGermany
| | - Luisa Merk
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center NeurologyUniversity Hospital of TübingenGermany
| | - Siras Hakobyan
- Research Group of BioinformaticsInstitute of Molecular Biology NAS RAYerevanArmenia
- Armenian Institute of BioinformaticsYerevanArmenia
| | - Irene Gonzalez‐Menendez
- Institute for Pathology, Department of General and Molecular PathologyUniversity Hospital TübingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image‐Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies"Eberhard Karls University of TübingenGermany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla Fend
- Institute for Pathology, Department of General and Molecular PathologyUniversity Hospital TübingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image‐Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies"Eberhard Karls University of TübingenGermany
| | - Per Sonne Holm
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichGermany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryMedical University InnsbruckAustria
- XVir Therapeutics GmbHMunichGermany
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image‐Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies"Eberhard Karls University of TübingenGermany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer‐Bosch Institute of Clinical PharmacologyStuttgartGermany
- Department of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of TübingenGermany
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyUniversity Hospital TübingenGermany
- Neuroscience Laboratory and Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical PharmacologyYerevan State Medical UniversityArmenia
| | - Lusine Danielyan
- Department of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of TübingenGermany
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyUniversity Hospital TübingenGermany
- Neuroscience Laboratory and Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical PharmacologyYerevan State Medical UniversityArmenia
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center NeurologyUniversity Hospital of TübingenGermany
- Gene and RNA Therapy Center (GRTC)Faculty of Medicine University TübingenGermany
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Merk L, Regel K, Eckhardt H, Evers M, El-Ayoubi A, Mittelbronn M, Krüger M, Gérardy JJ, Mack AF, Naumann U. Blocking TGF-β- and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)-mediated activation of vessel-associated mural cells in glioblastoma impacts tumor angiogenesis. Free Neuropathol 2024; 5:5-4. [PMID: 38455669 PMCID: PMC10919159 DOI: 10.17879/freeneuropathology-2024-5188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. GBM displays excessive and unfunctional vascularization which may, among others, be a reason for its devastating prognosis. Pericytes have been identified as the major component of the irregular vessel structure in GBM. In vitro data suggest an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like activation of glioma-associated pericytes, stimulated by GBM-secreted TGF-β, to be involved in the formation of a chaotic and dysfunctional tumor vasculature. This study investigated whether TGF-β impacts the function of vessel associated mural cells (VAMCs) in vivo via the induction of the EMT transcription factor SLUG and whether this is associated with the development of GBM-associated vascular abnormalities. Upon preventing the TGF-β-/SLUG-mediated EMT induction in VAMCs, the number of PDGFRβ and αSMA positive cells was significantly reduced, regardless of whether TGF-β secretion by GBM cells was blocked or whether SLUG was specifically knocked out in VAMCs. The reduced amount of PDGFRβ+ or αSMA+ cells observed under those conditions correlated with a lower vessel density and fewer vascular abnormalities. Our data provide evidence that the SLUG-mediated modulation of VAMC activity is induced by GBM-secreted TGF-β¬ and that activated VAMCs are key contributors in neo-angiogenic processes. We suggest that a pathologically altered activation of GA-Peris in the tumor microenvironment is responsible for the unstructured tumor vasculature. There is emerging evidence that vessel normalization alleviates tumor hypoxia, reduces tumor-associated edema and improves drug delivery. Therefore, avoiding the generation of an unstructured and non-functional tumor vasculature during tumor recurrence might be a promising treatment approach for GBM and identifies pericytes as a potential novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Merk
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Regel
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hermann Eckhardt
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marietheres Evers
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ali El-Ayoubi
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Department of Cancer Research (DOCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire Nationale de Santé (LNS), Luxembourg
| | - Marcel Krüger
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jean-Jacques Gérardy
- Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire Nationale de Santé (LNS), Luxembourg
| | - Andreas F. Mack
- Institute for Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analytics, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany
- Gene and RNA Therapy Center (GRTC), Faculty of Medicine University Tübingen, Germany
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