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Johnson LM, Mandrell BN, Li C, Lu Z, Gattuso J, Harrison LW, Mori M, Ouma AA, Pritchard M, Sharp KMH, Nichols KE. Managing Pandora's Box: Familial Expectations around the Return of (Future) Germline Results. AJOB Empir Bioeth 2022; 13:152-165. [PMID: 35471132 DOI: 10.1080/23294515.2022.2063994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric oncology patients are increasingly being offered germline testing to diagnose underlying cancer predispositions. Meanwhile, as understanding of variant pathogenicity evolves, planned reanalysis of genomic results has been suggested. Little is known regarding the types of genomic information that parents and their adolescent children with cancer prefer to receive at the time of testing or their expectations around the future return of genomic results. METHODS Parents and adolescent children with cancer eligible for genomic testing for cancer predisposition were surveyed regarding their attitudes and expectations for receiving current and future germline results (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02530658). RESULTS All parents (100%) desired to learn about results for treatable or preventable conditions, with 92.4% wanting results even when there is no treatment or prevention. Parents expressed less interest in receiving uncertain results for themselves (88.3%) than for their children (95.3%). Most parents (95.9%) and adolescents (87.9%) believed that providers have a responsibility to share new or updated germline results indefinitely or at any point during follow-up care. Fewer parents (67.5%) indicated that they would want results if their child was deceased: 10.3% would not want to be contacted, 19.3% were uncertain. CONCLUSIONS Expectations for return of new or updated genomic results are high among pediatric oncology families, although up to one third of parents have reservations about receiving such information in the event of their child's death. These results underscore the importance of high-quality pre-and post-test counseling, conducted by individuals trained in consenting around genomic testing to elicit family preferences and align expectations around the return of germline results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza-Marie Johnson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Belinda N Mandrell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nursing Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhaohua Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jami Gattuso
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nursing Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lynn W Harrison
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Motomi Mori
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Annastasia A Ouma
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michele Pritchard
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nursing Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Kim E Nichols
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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2
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Goudie C, Witkowski L, Cullinan N, Reichman L, Schiller I, Tachdjian M, Armstrong L, Blood KA, Brossard J, Brunga L, Cacciotti C, Caswell K, Cellot S, Clark ME, Clinton C, Coltin H, Felton K, Fernandez CV, Fleming AJ, Fuentes-Bolanos N, Gibson P, Grant R, Hammad R, Harrison LW, Irwin MS, Johnston DL, Kane S, Lafay-Cousin L, Lara-Corrales I, Larouche V, Mathews N, Meyn MS, Michaeli O, Perrier R, Pike M, Punnett A, Ramaswamy V, Say J, Somers G, Tabori U, Thibodeau ML, Toupin AK, Tucker KM, van Engelen K, Vairy S, Waespe N, Warby M, Wasserman JD, Whitlock JA, Sinnett D, Jabado N, Nathan PC, Shlien A, Kamihara J, Deyell RJ, Ziegler DS, Nichols KE, Dendukuri N, Malkin D, Villani A, Foulkes WD. Performance of the McGill Interactive Pediatric OncoGenetic Guidelines for Identifying Cancer Predisposition Syndromes. JAMA Oncol 2021; 7:1806-1814. [PMID: 34617981 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.4536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Importance Prompt recognition of a child with a cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS) has implications for cancer management, surveillance, genetic counseling, and cascade testing of relatives. Diagnosis of CPS requires practitioner expertise, access to genetic testing, and test result interpretation. This diagnostic process is not accessible in all institutions worldwide, leading to missed CPS diagnoses. Advances in electronic health technology can facilitate CPS risk assessment. Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a CPS prediction tool (McGill Interactive Pediatric OncoGenetic Guidelines [MIPOGG]) in identifying children with cancer who have a low or high likelihood of having a CPS. Design, Setting, and Participants In this international, multicenter diagnostic accuracy study, 1071 pediatric (<19 years of age) oncology patients who had a confirmed CPS (12 oncology referral centers) or who underwent germline DNA sequencing through precision medicine programs (6 centers) from January 1, 2000, to July 31, 2020, were studied. Exposures Exposures were MIPOGG application in patients with cancer and a confirmed CPS (diagnosed through routine clinical care; n = 413) in phase 1 and MIPOGG application in patients with cancer who underwent germline DNA sequencing (n = 658) in phase 2. Study phases did not overlap. Data analysts were blinded to genetic test results. Main Outcomes and Measures The performance of MIPOGG in CPS recognition was compared with that of routine clinical care, including identifying a CPS earlier than practitioners. The tool's test characteristics were calculated using next-generation germline DNA sequencing as the comparator. Results In phase 1, a total of 413 patients with cancer (median age, 3.0 years; range, 0-18 years) and a confirmed CPS were identified. MIPOGG correctly recognized 410 of 412 patients (99.5%) as requiring referral for CPS evaluation at the time of primary cancer diagnosis. Nine patients diagnosed with a CPS by a practitioner after their second malignant tumor were detected by MIPOGG using information available at the time of the first cancer. In phase 2, of 658 children with cancer (median age, 6.6 years; range, 0-18.8 years) who underwent comprehensive germline DNA sequencing, 636 had sufficient information for MIPOGG application. When compared with germline DNA sequencing for CPS detection, the MIPOGG test characteristics for pediatric-onset CPSs were as follows: sensitivity, 90.7%; specificity, 60.5%; positive predictive value, 17.6%; and negative predictive value, 98.6%. Tumor DNA sequencing data confirmed the MIPOGG recommendation for CPS evaluation in 20 of 22 patients with established cancer-CPS associations. Conclusions and Relevance In this diagnostic study, MIPOGG exhibited a favorable accuracy profile for CPS screening and reduced time to CPS recognition. These findings suggest that MIPOGG implementation could standardize and rationalize recommendations for CPS evaluation in children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Goudie
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Child Health and Human Development, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leora Witkowski
- McGill University Health Centre, Department of Human Genetics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noelle Cullinan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lara Reichman
- Department of Child Health and Human Development, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University Health Centre, Department of Human Genetics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ian Schiller
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Melissa Tachdjian
- Department of Child Health and Human Development, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Linlea Armstrong
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine A Blood
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Hereditary Cancer Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Josée Brossard
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ledia Brunga
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantel Cacciotti
- Department of Pediatric Oncology-Hematology, Children's Hospital-London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kimberly Caswell
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Cellot
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Centre, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mary Egan Clark
- Cancer Predisposition Division, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Catherine Clinton
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hallie Coltin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathleen Felton
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Jim Pattison Children's Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Conrad V Fernandez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Adam J Fleming
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noemi Fuentes-Bolanos
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Gibson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald Grant
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rawan Hammad
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Haematology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lynn W Harrison
- Cancer Predisposition Division, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Meredith S Irwin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna L Johnston
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Kane
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Hereditary Cancer and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Basking Ridge, New Jersey
| | - Lucie Lafay-Cousin
- Section of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Irene Lara-Corrales
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Larouche
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre mère-enfant Soleil du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natalie Mathews
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Stephen Meyn
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, and Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Orli Michaeli
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renée Perrier
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital and Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Meghan Pike
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Angela Punnett
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jemma Say
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Programme, Bristol Children's Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gino Somers
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - My Linh Thibodeau
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie-Kim Toupin
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine Residency Program, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine M Tucker
- Hereditary Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kalene van Engelen
- Medical Genetics Program of Southwestern Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Vairy
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Charles-Bruneau Cancer Centre, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Waespe
- CANSEARCH Research Platform in Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of the University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Childhood Cancer Research Group, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Meera Warby
- Hereditary Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Wasserman
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James A Whitlock
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Centre, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Child Health and Human Development, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul C Nathan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junne Kamihara
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca J Deyell
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim E Nichols
- Cancer Predisposition Division, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Nandini Dendukuri
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita Villani
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Newman S, Nakitandwe J, Kesserwan CA, Azzato EM, Wheeler DA, Rusch M, Shurtleff S, Hedges DJ, Hamilton KV, Foy SG, Edmonson MN, Thrasher A, Bahrami A, Orr BA, Klco JM, Gu J, Harrison LW, Wang L, Clay MR, Ouma A, Silkov A, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Brady SW, Zhou X, Chang TC, Pande M, Davis E, Becksfort J, Patel A, Wilkinson MR, Rahbarinia D, Kubal M, Maciaszek JL, Pastor V, Knight J, Gout AM, Wang J, Gu Z, Mullighan CG, McGee RB, Quinn EA, Nuccio R, Mostafavi R, Gerhardt EL, Taylor LM, Valdez JM, Hines-Dowell SJ, Pappo AS, Robinson G, Johnson LM, Pui CH, Ellison DW, Downing JR, Zhang J, Nichols KE. Genomes for Kids: The scope of pathogenic mutations in pediatric cancer revealed by comprehensive DNA and RNA sequencing. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:3008-3027. [PMID: 34301788 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genomic studies of pediatric cancer have primarily focused on specific tumor types or high-risk disease. Here, we used a three-platform sequencing approach, including whole genome (WGS), exome, and RNA sequencing, to examine tumor and germline genomes from 309 prospectively identified children with newly diagnosed (85%) or relapsed/refractory (15%) cancers, unselected for tumor type. Eighty-six percent of patients harbored diagnostic (53%), prognostic (57%), therapeutically-relevant (25%), and/or cancer predisposing (18%) variants. Inclusion of WGS enabled detection of activating gene fusions and enhancer hijacks (36% and 8% of tumors, respectively), small intragenic deletions (15% of tumors) and mutational signatures revealing of pathogenic variant effects. Evaluation of paired tumor-normal data revealed relevance to tumor development for 55% of pathogenic germline variants. This study demonstrates the power of a three-platform approach that incorporates WGS to interrogate and interpret the full range of genomic variants across newly diagnosed as well as relapsed/refractory pediatric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Newman
- Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Joy Nakitandwe
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | | | | | | | - Michael Rusch
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | | | - Dale J Hedges
- Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Kayla V Hamilton
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Scott G Foy
- Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | | | - Andrew Thrasher
- Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Armita Bahrami
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Brent A Orr
- Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | | | - Jiali Gu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Lynn W Harrison
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Lu Wang
- Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | | | - Annastasia Ouma
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Antonina Silkov
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | | | | | - Yu Liu
- Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Samuel W Brady
- Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Xin Zhou
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Ti-Cheng Chang
- Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Manjusha Pande
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Eric Davis
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Jared Becksfort
- Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Aman Patel
- Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | | | | | - Manish Kubal
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | | | | | - Jay Knight
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | | | - Jian Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Emily A Quinn
- Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute
| | - Regina Nuccio
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | | | - Elsie L Gerhardt
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Leslie M Taylor
- Division of Cancer Predisposition, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | - Liza-Marie Johnson
- Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
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4
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Wheeler DA, Newman S, Nakitandwe J, Kesserwan CA, Azzato EM, Rusch MC, Shurtleff S, Bahrami A, Orr B, Klco JM, Hedges DJ, Hamilton KV, Foy SG, Edmonson MN, Thrasher A, Gu J, Harrison LW, Wang L, Mostafavi R, Kubal M, Maciaszek J, Clay M, Ouma A, Silkov A, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Brady SW, Zhou X, Wilkinson M, Rahbarinia D, Knight J, Wang J, Mullighan CG, McGee RB, Quinn EA, Gerhardt EL, Taylor LM, Nuccio R, Valdez JM, Hines-Dowell SJ, Pappo A, Robinson G, Johnson LM, Pui CH, Ellison DW, Downing JR, Zhang J, Nichols KE. Abstract 642: Genomes for Kids: Comprehensive DNA and RNA sequencing defining the scope of actionable mutations in pediatric cancer. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Clinical genomic studies of pediatric cancer have primarily focused on specific tumor types or high-risk disease. In the Genomes for Kids study (NCT02530658) we used a three-platform sequencing approach, including whole genome (WGS), whole exome (WES) and RNA sequencing, to examine tumor and paired germline genomes from prospectively identified children with cancer. The goal of the study was to assess the potential of comprehensive next generation sequencing to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor formation and investigate the potential of this information to influence clinical decision-making.The cohort, with a median age of 6 yrs, range 0 - 26 yrs, included 301 patients with newly diagnosed (85%) or relapsed/refractory (15%) cancers, unselected for tumor type or stage. Patients with hematologic malignancies accounted for 41% of cases, 31% had CNS tumors, and 28% had other non-CNS solid tumors. This cohort also included 18 patients with very rare tumor types, defined here as occurring in less than 2 cases per million person per year.Two hundred fifty three patients (84%) had sufficient tumor for three-platform sequencing and all 301 had adequate paired germline samples. Following analysis, 86% of patients harbored diagnostic (53%), prognostic (57%), therapeutically relevant (25%), and/or cancer predisposing (18%) variants. The inclusion of WGS enabled detection of oncogenic gene fusions, as well as 22 cases in which oncogenes were activated through enhancer hijacking, a particularly frequent occurrence in hematologic malignancies. In addition, WGS effectively detected clinically relevant small intragenic deletions (15% of tumors) and a variety of mutational signatures, which were not detectable through analysis of whole exome data. Evaluation of 56 pathogenic germline variants in the context of paired tumor sequence data helped establish the disease relevance of several genes that are not typically associated with the cancer type in question, providing critical insights on a case-by-case basis. Examples include a pathogenic germline variant in MUTYH in a patient with retinoblastoma whose tumor exhibited a mutation signature associated with reactive oxygen species indicative of loss of MUTYH function; and conversely, a likely pathogenic variant in PMS2 in a rare brain cancer, which did not exhibit a mutation signature associated with microsatellite instability. This study successfully demonstrated the power of this three-platform approach to interrogate and interpret the full range of genomic variants across newly diagnosed as well as relapsed/refractory pediatric cancers. As a result of these findings, we have incorporated this three-platform approach into our routine real-time clinical service at St. Jude Children's Hospital.
Citation Format: David A. Wheeler, Scott Newman, Joy Nakitandwe, Chimene A. Kesserwan, Elizabeth M. Azzato, Michael C. Rusch, Sheila Shurtleff, Armita Bahrami, Brent Orr, Jeffery M. Klco, Dale J. Hedges, Kayla V. Hamilton, Scott G. Foy, Michael N. Edmonson, Andrew Thrasher, Jiali Gu, Lynn W. Harrison, Lu Wang, Roya Mostafavi, Manish Kubal, Jamie Maciaszek, Michael Clay, Annastasia Ouma, Antonina Silkov, Yanling Liu, Zhaojie Zhang, Yu Liu, Samuel W. Brady, Xin Zhou, Mark Wilkinson, Delaram Rahbarinia, Jay Knight, Jian Wang, Charles G. Mullighan, Rose B. McGee, Emily A. Quinn, Elsie L. Gerhardt, Leslie M. Taylor, Regina Nuccio, Jessica M. Valdez, Stacy J. Hines-Dowell, Alberto Pappo, Giles Robinson, Liza-Marie Johnson, Ching-Hon Pui, David W. Ellison, James R. Downing, Jinghui Zhang, Kim E. Nichols. Genomes for Kids: Comprehensive DNA and RNA sequencing defining the scope of actionable mutations in pediatric cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 642.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Newman
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brent Orr
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | | | - Scott G. Foy
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | - Jiali Gu
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Lu Wang
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Manish Kubal
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Michael Clay
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | - Yanling Liu
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Yu Liu
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Xin Zhou
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | - Jay Knight
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jian Wang
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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5
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Johnson L, Sykes AD, Lu Z, Valdez JM, Gattuso J, Gerhardt E, Hamilton KV, Harrison LW, Hines‐Dowell SJ, Jurbergs N, McGee RB, Nuccio R, Ouma AA, Pritchard M, Quinn EA, Baker JN, Mandrell BN, Nichols KE. Speaking genomics to parents offered germline testing for cancer predisposition: Use of a 2‐visit consent model. Cancer 2019; 125:2455-2464. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liza‐Marie Johnson
- Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - April D. Sykes
- Department of Biostatistics St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - Zhaohua Lu
- Department of Biostatistics St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - Jessica M. Valdez
- Department of Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology University of New Mexico Health Science Center Albuquerque New Mexico
| | - Jami Gattuso
- Division of Nursing Research St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - Elsie Gerhardt
- Division of Cancer Predisposition St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - Kayla V. Hamilton
- Division of Cancer Predisposition St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - Lynn W. Harrison
- Division of Cancer Predisposition St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - Stacy J. Hines‐Dowell
- Division of Cancer Predisposition St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - Niki Jurbergs
- Division of Psychology St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - Rose B. McGee
- Division of Cancer Predisposition St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - Regina Nuccio
- Division of Cancer Predisposition St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - Annastasia A. Ouma
- Division of Cancer Predisposition St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - Michele Pritchard
- Division of Nursing Research St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - Emily A. Quinn
- Human Genetics and Genetic Counseling Program Keck Graduate Institute Claremont California
| | - Justin N. Baker
- Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - Belinda N. Mandrell
- Division of Nursing Research St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Division of Cancer Predisposition St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis Tennessee
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Harrison LW, Houghton GJ. Preliminary note on the treatment of gonorrhoea with heated bougies. 1913. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2002; 148:274-5. [PMID: 12474765 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-148-03-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kiessling AA, Davis HW, Williams CS, Sauter RW, Harrison LW. Development and DNA polymerase activities in cultured preimplantation mouse embryos: comparison with embryos developed in vivo. J Exp Zool 1991; 258:34-47. [PMID: 1869864 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402580105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Embryos from superovulated female mice that developed in vitro from the two-cell stage were compared with in vivo embryos with respect to yield of blastocytes, number and types of cells, morphology in histologic section, and DNA polymerase activities. Significantly more embryos developed into blastocytes in vitro (93%) than in vivo (18%). Inner cell mass (ICM) cells comprised approximately 30% of total cells in late morula/early blastocyst stage embryos developed either in vitro or in vivo. However, the in vitro embryos developed approximately half the number of total cells as in vivo embryos, did not develop endoderm, and did not develop abembryonic trophoblast cells with morphologic characteristics of late preimplantation in vivo embryos. DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities in in vitro embryos decreased in correspondence with the decrease in cell number resulting in per cell levels comparable to in vivo embryos. In contrast, the poly (A).oligo(dT)-dependent DNA polymerase activity was the same in embryos developing either in vitro or in vivo, indicating different regulatory mechanisms for the two enzyme activities. A variety of nutrients and growth factors in the culture medium did not increase cell numbers or DNA polymerase activities in embryos cultured for 3 days; extending the culture an additional 24 hours resulted in a loss of ICM cells and decreases in both DNA polymerase activities. These results show that the retarded growth of embryos in vitro is equally distributed between ICM and trophoblast, is not reversed by culture conditions that include serum growth factors, and is not due to decreased cellular levels of DNA polymerase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kiessling
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Faulkner Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02130
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Risch HA, Jain M, Choi NW, Fodor JG, Pfeiffer CJ, Howe GR, Harrison LW, Craib KJ, Miller AB. Dietary factors and the incidence of cancer of the stomach. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 122:947-59. [PMID: 2998182 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A case-control study of diet and stomach cancer was conducted during 1979-1982 in Toronto, Winnipeg, and St. John's Canada. Two hundred forty-six histologically verified cancer cases were individually matched by age, sex, and area of residence to 246 randomly selected population controls. Daily nutrient consumption values were calculated from quantitative diet history questionnaire data through use of the US Department of Agriculture Food Composition Data Bank, which was extended and modified for Canadian items. For the analysis, continuous conditional logistic regression methods were used. It was found that consumption of dietary fiber was associated with decreased risk of gastric cancer; the odds ratio estimate of trend was 0.40/10 g average daily intake of fiber (i.e., 0.40(1.5)/15 g, etc.) (p less than 10(-8)). Also, average daily consumption of nitrite, chocolate, and carbohydrate was associated with increasing trends in risk, with odds ratio estimates, respectively, 2.6/mg (p less than 10(-4)), 1.8/10 g (p less than 10(-4)), and 1.5/100 g (p = 0.015). While citrus fruit intake appeared to be somewhat protective (odds ratio = 0.75/100 g daily average, p = 0.0056), vitamin C intake was less so, and vitamin E not at all. Thus, a number of dietary components seem to be implicated in the pathogenesis of stomach cancer.
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Abstract
The chromophoric intramolecular azoTyr-248.Zn complex detects discrete kinetic steps in the interaction of azocarboxypeptidase with products or substrates that are hydrolyzed slowly. Temperature-jump experiments at 510 nm indicate that the rapid binding of such ligands is followed by a slower change in the conformation of the enzyme--ligand complex: that defines the initial binding, and the rate constants k2 and k-2 for the forward and reverse steps of this conversion, respectively. For each ligand, the kinetically determined dissociation constant is virtually identical to that obtained at equilibrium form circular dichroic titrations. Although there are small variations in k2 and k-2 for each substrate, all the rate processes are much faster than the rate-determining step for the hydrolysis of these substrates. The proposed model of the mechanism of peptide hydrolysis by carboxypeptidase incorporates the results of these temperature jump experiments.
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Harrison LW, Auld DS, Vallee BL. Intramolecular arsanilazotyrosine-248-Zn complex of carboxypeptidase A: a monitor of multiple conformational states in solution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:4356-60. [PMID: 677 PMCID: PMC388720 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.11.4356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The red azoTyr-248-Zn complex of arnilazocarboxypeptidase, previously used to demonstrate differences in conformation of the enzyme in crystals and in solution, has now provided means to detect multiple conformations of the enzyme in solution by stopped-flow pH and temperature jump experiments. These studies identify two distinct processes. Er + H+ in equilibrium Ey (I), is the extremely rapid, Kfast about 10(5) sec-1, pH dependent dissociation of the metal complex. Ey in equilibrium Ey' (II), is much slower, Kslow about 5 sec-1, pH independent interconversion of two distinct populations of protein molecules, Ey and Ey', in which the yellow azo-Tyr-248 is different conformations. These two conformations can be differentiated readily by stopped-flow pH-jump experiments, since I is three to four orders of magnitude faster than II. Mathematical expressions derived from this mechanism accurately predict all observations over the pH range from 6.0 to 8.5. In a previous stopped-flow pH-jump experiment, Lipcomb and coworkers [Quiocho, F. A., McMurray, C. H. & Lipcomb, W. H. (1972), Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 69, 2850-2854] recognized only a single process with a rate constant of about 6 sec-1, but not the major, very rapid rate observed here. The failure to detect this fast process led to the postulation of a number of explanations intended to account for the detection of only a single, slow rate. The present observations show that the premise for those conjectures is not valid. The azoprobe reveals the existence of rapidly interconvertible substructures of carboxypeptidase A, and the results support the view that in solution, enzymes can adopt multiple, readily interconvertible and related conformations which could then either facilitate or impede catalysis. In crystals, rearrangement of molecular structure could be severely impaired or restricted, and crystallization might single out either active or inactive conformations. In the latter case, such crystals would have greatly reduced activities and markedly altered catalytic behavior, as is observed for carboxypeptidase A. In combination with detailed kinetic analysis of crystals, conformational analysis in solution should be a valuable guide to discern enzyme mechanisms and select crystals for x-ray structure analysis.
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Harrison LW, Auld DS, Vallee BL. Intramolecular arsanilazotyrosine-248-Zn complex of carboxypeptidase A: a monitor of catalytic events. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:3930-3. [PMID: 671 PMCID: PMC433110 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.3930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensely chromophoric intramolecular coordination complex formed between arsanilazotyrosine-248 and the active site zinc atom of azocarboxypeptidase A (Johansen, J. T. & Vallee, B. L. (1971) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 68, 2532-2535) is a spectrokinetic probe of catalytic events. The interconversion of the azoTyr-248-Zn complex and its constituents is measured by stopped-flow pH and temperature-jump methods. The rate of interconversion, 64,000 sec-1, is orders of magnitude faster than that of the catalytic step itself (about 0.01-100 sec-1). Rapidly turned over peptide and ester substrates disrupt the azoTyr-248-Zn complex before hydrolysis occurs. As a consequence, formation of azoTyr-248, substrate binding, and catalysis can all be monitored while catalysis is actually in progress. The results of these dynamic studies specify a course of catalytic events, different from those postulated based on x-ray structure analysis. If azoTyr-248 is displaced, the direction is opposite to the inward movement postulated on the basis of x-ray studies and is not unique to induction by substrates, since rapid changes in pH also result in analogous spectral changes. AzoTyr-248 carboxypeptidase has all the features which are essential for mechanistic studies: (1) It is enzymatically active; (2) the spectra of the metal complex differ characteristically from those of its constituents; (3) it responds dynamically to environmental factors; and (4) the response time of the probe itself is much more rapid than is required for the measurement of the catalytic step. These combined kinetic and spectral properties of the metal complex render it a powerful spectrokinetic probe to visualize and discern microscopic details of the catalytic process.
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Abstract
Aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli has been prepared with up to four of zinc ions replaced by manganese, and the effect of this substitution on the proton nuclear magnetic resonance properties of succinate bound to the catalytic site and of cytidine 5'-triphosphate bound to the regulatory site has been determined, The specific activity and allosteric properties of the Mn-substituted enzyme are essentially identical with those of the native enzyme. The longitudinal relaxation time, T1, of the succinate protons is shortened by the native enzyme and is shortened further by the Mn-substituted enzyme at both 100 and 220 MHz in D2O solutions of 0.02 M immidazole chloride (pH 7.0), 10 minus 3 M beta-mercaptoethanol, 0;2 mM ethylenediamenetetraacetic acid, and 2.5 mM carbamyl phosphate over a temperature range of 5 to 35 degrees. Under the same conditions, the transverse relaxation time, T2, of the succinate protons at 90 MHz is shortened to the same extent by native and Mn-substituted enzyme. The temperature dependence of the relaxation times indicates that the shortening of the transverse relaxation time is determened by the lifetime of bound succinate, whereas the further shortening of the longitudinal relaxation time by the Mn-substituted enzyme is due to dipolar relaxation, i.e. to the interaction between Mn and the succinate protons. The distance between the Mn and the protons of succinate bound to the enzyme can be calculated from the relaxation time measurements and is 15,3 A. The dipolar interaction correlation time which is needed for the calculation of this distance, was found to be 3.5 X 10 minus 9 sec from the frequency dependence of T1. The transverse relaxation time of the C-6 proton of CTP is shortened to the same extent by both the native and Mn-substituted enzyme in D2O solutions of 0.02 M imidazole chloride (pH 7.0), 10 MINUS 3 M beta-mercaptoethanol, 0.2 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and 2.5 mM carbamyl phosphate over the temperature 5-30 degrees. Since the temperature depencece of the relaxation time indicates the relaxation is not exchange limited, the manganese must be too distant from the bound CTP for an appreciable interaction to occur. This requires that the manganese be greater than 20A from the CTP. These results are used together with other available structural data to construct a schematic model for aspartate transcarbamylase.
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Hilborn DA, Harrison LW, Hammes GG. An on-line computer system for the acquisition and analysis of temperature jump data. Comput Biomed Res 1973; 6:216-27. [PMID: 4716106 DOI: 10.1016/0010-4809(73)90036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Harrison LW, Hammes GG. Relaxation spectra of aspartate transcarbamylase. Interaction of the native enzyme with cytidine 5'-triphosphate. Biochemistry 1973; 12:1395-400. [PMID: 4572359 DOI: 10.1021/bi00731a020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Glassman TA, Cooper C, Harrison LW, Swift TJ. A proton magnetic resonance study of metal ion-adenine ring interactions in metal ion complexes with adenosine triphosphate. Biochemistry 1971; 10:843-51. [PMID: 5544676 DOI: 10.1021/bi00781a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Harrison
- Adviser in Venereal Diseases to the Ministry of Health
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Harrison LW. I. Methods of Enlightenment of the General Public on Venereal Diseases. Sex Transm Infect 1942; 18:77-80. [PMID: 21773326 DOI: 10.1136/sti.18.3-4.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. The Present trend of Incidence of Venereal Diseases in England and Wales, and Methods of Control. Sex Transm Infect 1941; 17:249-56. [PMID: 21773317 DOI: 10.1136/sti.17.3-4.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. Venereal Diseases and life Assurance. Sex Transm Infect 1940; 16:1-33. [PMID: 21773293 DOI: 10.1136/sti.16.1-2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Harrison LW, Worms W. The Relation Between Some forms of Non-Gonococcal Urethritis, Lymphogranuloma Inguinale, Trachoma, and Inclusion Blennorrhœa Critical Review. Sex Transm Infect 1939; 15:237-59. [PMID: 21773289 DOI: 10.1136/sti.15.4.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. Solu-Salvarsan: TOXICOLOGICAL AND THERAPEUTIC TESTS MADE ON BEHALF OF THE THERAPEUTIC TRIALS COMMITTEE OF THE MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. Sex Transm Infect 1939; 15:203-12. [PMID: 21773285 DOI: 10.1136/sti.15.3.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. Note on Lumbar Puncture with the Dattner Pattern of Needle. Sex Transm Infect 1937; 13:173-6. [PMID: 21773236 DOI: 10.1136/sti.13.3.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. The Use of Mislowitzer'S Portable Incubator "Monotherm" in Culture of the Gonococcus. Sex Transm Infect 1937; 13:116-8. [PMID: 21773231 DOI: 10.1136/sti.13.2.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. Experiences with Anti - Syphilitic Treatment from the Pre-Salvarsan Era to the Present and Their Possible Bearing on Present Treatment Practice. Sex Transm Infect 1937; 13:1-22. [PMID: 21773224 DOI: 10.1136/sti.13.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. The Importance of Testing the Therapeutic Potency of Arsphenamine Preparations. Sex Transm Infect 1935; 11:239-47. [PMID: 21773572 DOI: 10.1136/sti.11.4.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. THE BULLETIN OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF SYPHILOGRAPHY, DERMATOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY OF KYOTO, 1935, VOL. 12, NOS. 2 (APRIL) AND 3 (JUNE). Sex Transm Infect 1935; 11:262-7. [PMID: 21773577 DOI: 10.1136/sti.11.4.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. The Treatment of Early Syphilis: The Enquiry and Recommendations of the League of Nations Health Organization. Sex Transm Infect 1935; 11:69-90. [PMID: 21773558 DOI: 10.1136/sti.11.2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. Some Aspects of the Epidemiology of Venereal Disease. Proc R Soc Med 1931; 24:1081-1098. [PMID: 19988205 PMCID: PMC2183115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Harrison LW. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS TO DEMONSTRATION OF FLOCCULATION TESTS. Sex Transm Infect 1931; 7:89-97. [PMID: 21773479 DOI: 10.1136/sti.7.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. VENEREAL DISEASES IN THE MERCANTILE MARINE. Sex Transm Infect 1930; 6:27-36. [PMID: 21773457 DOI: 10.1136/sti.6.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH IN SYPHILIS AND ITS POSSIBLE APPLICATION TO MAN. Sex Transm Infect 1929; 5:173-201. [PMID: 21773444 DOI: 10.1136/sti.5.3.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. THE PROGNOSIS OF SYPHILIS IN THE LIGHT OF MODERN METHODS OF TREATMENT. Sex Transm Infect 1927; 3:299-319. [PMID: 21772565 DOI: 10.1136/sti.3.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. GONORRHŒA. Br J Vener Dis 1927; 3:24-32. [PMID: 21772546 PMCID: PMC1046518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Harrison LW. CLINICAL CASES-SHORT REPORTS AND COMMENTS: A CASE OF PEMPHIGUS VEGETANS, A DERMATOSIS WHICH MAY BE MISTAKEN FOR SYPHILIS. Sex Transm Infect 1926; 2:76-82. [PMID: 21772517 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2.5.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. THE ROUTINE MANAGEMENT OF SYPHILIS AND GONORRHŒA EMPLOYED IN THE ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL VENEREAL DISEASES DEPARTMENT. Sex Transm Infect 1926; 2:19-35. [PMID: 21772510 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2.5.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L W Harrison
- Brevet-Colonel R.A.M.C., and K.H.P. (Ret.), Director
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Harrison LW. THE VALUE OF A SCIENTIFIC OUTLOOK TO THE WORKER IN VENEREAL DISEASES. Sex Transm Infect 1925; 1:81-5. [PMID: 21772480 DOI: 10.1136/sti.1.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Harrison LW. DISCUSSION ON THE TREATMENT OF NEUROSYPHILIS. Proc R Soc Med 1923; 16:72-73. [PMID: 19983085 PMCID: PMC2103535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Harrison LW. The Modern Treatment of Syphilis. Can Med Assoc J 1917; 7:31-43. [PMID: 20310892 PMCID: PMC1584802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Gibbard TW, Harrison LW. Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan in Ophthalmic Practice. Proc R Soc Med 1914; 7:84-88. [PMID: 19978232 PMCID: PMC2002875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Harrison LW. Discussion on the Use of Salvarsan in Ophthalmic Practice. Proc R Soc Med 1914; 7:104-105. [PMID: 19978184 PMCID: PMC2002870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Harrison LW. The Present Position and Treatment of Syphilis. Proc R Soc Med 1910; 3:226-228. [PMID: 19974813 PMCID: PMC1961046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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