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Fanti F, Merola C, Vremere A, Oliva E, Perugini M, Amorena M, Compagnone D, Sergi M. Quantitative analysis of oxysterols in zebrafish embryos by HPLC-MS/MS. Talanta 2020; 220:121393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Merola C, Perugini M, Conte A, Angelozzi G, Bozzelli M, Amorena M. Embryotoxicity of methylparaben to zebrafish (Danio rerio) early-life stages. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 236:108792. [PMID: 32428600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methylparaben (MeP) is widely used as preservative in personal care products, food commodities and pharmaceuticals due to its antimicrobial properties. Its widespread use resulted in the contamination of aquatic environment and raised concerns about the potential adverse effects on human health, especially in the developing organisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the embryotoxicity of MeP in zebrafish early-life stages applying the benchmark-dose (BMD) methodology to Fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) tests-OECD guideline 236. Toxic effects were studied by daily evaluation of lethal endpoints, hatching rate and sublethal alterations. Zebrafish fertilized eggs were exposed until 96 h post fertilization (hpf) to five concentrations of MeP: 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 60 mg/L and 80 mg/L. The lethal concentration 50 (LC 50) was 72.67 mg/L. Indeed, BMD confidence interval (lower bound, BMDL-upper bound, BMDU) was 40.8-57.4 mg/L for lethal endpoints and 16-26.5 mg/L for toxicity index, that includes both lethal and sublethal alterations. Zebrafish embryos exposed to MeP developed sublethal alterations including pericardial edema, yolk edema, blood stasis, reduction in blood circulation, reduced heartbeat and notochord curvature. The number of embryos exposed to the highest concentrations of MeP that reported sublethal alterations increased between 24hpf and 48 hpf-72 hpf-96 hpf. Only zebrafish larvae treated with 30 mg/L of MeP showed behavioural changes. This study highlighted the detrimental effects of MeP on zebrafish early-life stages with attention to its developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Merola
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - M Perugini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy.
| | - A Conte
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale "G. Caporale", via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - G Angelozzi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - M Bozzelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - M Amorena
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy
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Scortichini G, Amorena M, Brambilla G, Ceci R, Chessa G, Diletti G, Esposito M, Esposito V, Nardelli V. Sheep farming and the impact of environment on food safety. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Amorena M, Visciano P, Giacomelli A, Marinelli E, Sabatini AG, Medrzycki P, Oddo LP, De Pace FM, Belligoli P, Di Serafino G, Saccares S, Formato G, Langella V, Perugini M. Monitoring of levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bees caught from beekeeping: remark 1. Vet Res Commun 2009; 33 Suppl 1:165-7. [PMID: 19578952 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-009-9283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Amorena
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Visciano P, Perugini M, Conte F, Amorena M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) processed by traditional flue gas smoking and by liquid smoke flavourings. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:1409-13. [PMID: 18262709 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection in rainbow trout fillets processed by traditional flue gas smoking and by liquid smoke flavourings, at low temperature (25 degrees C for 3h). Raw fillets were also investigated as control group. The following compounds, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(ghi)perylene were detected in all samples and no significant difference (p>0.05) was found neither between fresh and processed samples nor between the two different smoking techniques, except for chrysene and benzo(b)fluoranthene. The results show that PAHs found in rainbow trout fillets could be considered as a consequence of environmental pollution and the mild smoking process described in the present study did not affect their concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Visciano
- Department of Food Science, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.
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Giammarino A, Manera M, Robbe D, Perugini M, Minervini F, Amorena M. Influence of mycotoxins on spontaneous contraction in myometrial strips of prepubertal lamb. Res Vet Sci 2007; 84:471-6. [PMID: 17709123 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Revised: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of mycotoxin zearalenone and their major metabolites alpha- and beta-zearalenol on spontaneous contractions in isolated lamb uterine smooth muscle were examined. The study was carried out on 20 female prepubertal lambs aged between 45 and 50 days. Myometrial strips were set up in two isolated organ baths (10ml) at 37 degrees C and were exposed to increasing concentrations (10(-11)M-10(-6)M) of these mycoestrogens and results were compared with the effect, at the same concentrations, of natural estrogen 17beta-estradiol. Our findings suggest that mycotoxins and 17beta-estradiol, at nanomolar concentrations, rapidly enhance phasic spontaneous smooth muscle contraction. In particular, zearalenone increases the uterine activity similarly to 17beta-estradiol. On the contrary, its metabolite alpha-zearalenol significantly inhibits myometrial contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giammarino
- Department of Food Science, University of Teramo, Viale Crispi, 212, I-64100 Teramo, Italy
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Perugini M, Visciano P, Giammarino A, Manera M, Di Nardo W, Amorena M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine organisms from the Adriatic Sea, Italy. Chemosphere 2007; 66:1904-10. [PMID: 16962639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in bivalves (Mitylus galloprovincialis), cephalopods (Todarodes sagittatus), crustaceans (Nephrops norvegicus) and fish (Mullus barbatus, Scomber scombrus, Micromesistius poutassou, Merluccius merluccius) in several pools coming from the Central Adriatic Sea. These marine organisms were selected because of their multitude, wide distribution and common use in the Italian diet, they were sampled and analyzed during the year 2004. Acenaphthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benzo(ghi)perylene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene showed levels below the instrumental detection limit in all samples. Fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene were detected at different concentrations in analyzed samples. Chrysene was detected only in mussels with very low values (average 0.74ngg(-1) wet weight). PAHs composition pattern was dominated by the presence of PAHs with 3-rings (62%) followed from those with 4-rings (37%) and 5-rings (1%). Atlantic mackerel, European hake and blue whiting showed the highest PAH concentrations, ranging from 44.1 to 63.3ngg(-1) wet weight, the group of invertebrate organisms showed a level of contamination about three times lower than those of the vertebrate groups. Mediterranean mussels that did not present very high levels of contamination expressed as sum of PAHs showed one of the highest values of benzo(a)pyrene equivalents (BaPEs). Conversely the latter value was very low in Atlantic mackerel even if this species reported the highest total PAH concentrations. No significant correlation was observed between weight, length and trophic levels and total PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perugini
- Department of Food Science, Teramo University, Viale Crispi 212, I-64100 Teramo, Italy.
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Perugini M, Giammarino A, Olivieri V, Guccione S, Lai OR, Amorena M. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticide levels in tissues of Caretta caretta from the Adriatic Sea. Dis Aquat Organ 2006; 71:155-61. [PMID: 16956063 DOI: 10.3354/dao071155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We detected concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCs) in the liver, muscle, and fat of 11 loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta from the central and southern Adriatic Sea. All samples contained PCBs at various concentrations, with Congener 138 (28%), 153 (27%), and 180 (32%) dominating the congener composition of the tissues. The dioxin-like congener (118, 13%) was detected in all tissues analyzed. The lower-chlorinated PCBs were not detected. The average of the total PCB concentrations, expressed in nanograms per gram wet weight, was 459.6 ng g(-1) in fat, 82.9 ng g(-1) in liver, and 5.8 ng g(-1) in muscle. Among 13 organochlorine pesticides for which analyses were conducted, 4 were detected: p,p'-DDE (57%); p,p'-DDD (16%); and p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT (27%). Spatial differences were found among OC concentrations in loggerheads from the central and southern Adriatic Sea. The only samples containing detectable concentrations of p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT were from the southern area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perugini
- Department of Food Sciences, Teramo University, Italy.
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Perugini M, Cavaliere M, Giammarino A, Mazzone P, Olivieri V, Amorena M. Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in some edible marine organisms from the Central Adriatic Sea. Chemosphere 2004; 57:391-400. [PMID: 15331266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2003] [Revised: 02/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCs) were found in tissue of marine organisms such as Mediterranean mussel, Norway lobster, red mullet, common cuttle-fish, European flying squid, European anchovy, European pilchard and Atlantic mackerel, coming from two sites along the Abruzzo coast of the Adriatic Sea. Species were selected due to their habitat, trophic level, feeding behaviour and their use in the Italian diet. Mussels, filter feeder and sedentary organisms, were used in order to test water pollution whereas Norway lobster and red mullet (benthic fish) were used in order to test sediment pollution. The concentration of ?PCBs exceeded that of ?OCs in the samples analysed. The highest concentrations of ?PCBs (1415 ng/g lipid weight) and ?OCs (507 ng/g lipid weight) were found in pilchard while the lowest concentrations of the same pollutants were found in cephalopods. Our results have shown that species such as anchovy, pilchard and mackerel, were the most polluted due to their location at the last level of the trophic chain. All samples contained different concentrations of PCBs and among these, congeners 153 and 138 were the most representative. Among the OCs, except for the cuttle-fish, the highest concentrations were found for p,p(')-DDE and p,p(')-DDD that are metabolite of DDT. The prevailing DDE presence, compared to DDT (high DDE/DDT ratio), suggested that the biotransformation rate of pollutants was very efficacious in fish and above all in crustaceans. Results have also been interpreted in terms of geographical distribution and organisms' biological cycle. None of the samples analysed exceeded the tolerance limits established by the OCs Italian legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perugini
- Department of Feed and Food Sciences, Teramo University, Viale Crispi 212, I-64100 Teramo, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amorena
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
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Zaccaroni A, Amorena M, Naso B, Castellani G, Lucisano A, Stracciari GL. Cadmium, chromium and lead contamination of Athene noctua, the little owl, of Bologna and Parma, Italy. Chemosphere 2003; 52:1251-1258. [PMID: 12821006 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine cadmium, chromium and lead concentrations in liver and brain of 52 little owls (Athene noctua) from two provinces of Emilia Romagna region, with the aim of furnishing indirect information concerning contamination of their habitat, also considering possible environmental dispersion of the metals. Metal analysis was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with graphite furnace. Variance analysis with sampling area, gender and age shows that no statistical difference was found for gender, while a significant difference (P<0.05) was found for cadmium and lead, but not for chromium, when sampling areas and age were of concern. For all metals highest mean concentrations were found in liver (170 ppb for cadmium, 297 ppb for chromium and 312 ppb for lead). These levels can be considered as indicative of chronic exposure to low and "background" amounts of pollutants and they are of no toxicological concern, as they are always well below the toxic thresholds defined for each metal. The present study can be considered as a starting point for further analyses, aimed to the definition of any possible subtle effect (e.g. effects on enzymes activity) and of any possible correlation between levels of pollutants and appearance of possible adverse effects. It also furnished useful data for diagnostic cases and potentially for monitoring local contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zaccaroni
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, Bologna University, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, I-40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
Equine obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or heaves or recurrent airway obstruction, is a common equine pulmonary disease similar to human asthma and/or CODP. Since bronchospasm and inflammation are the key features in heaves, the purpose of this paper is to review the contribution of neural mechanism that may be relevant to this disease. Equine airway receive cholinergic and adrenergic innervation, as well as observed in many species. It was suggested that the autonomic neural control in asthma might be defective with an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory pathways, resulting in excessively twitchy airways. Moreover, the recognition that, in addition to classical adrenergic and cholinergic pathway there are non-adrenergic-non-cholinergic inhibitory (iNANC) and excitatory (eNANC) innervation and many mediators, which have potent effects on airway function, has revived interest in neural control of airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Matera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, 2nd University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Montesissa C, Huveneers MB, Hoogenboom LA, Amorena M, De Liguoro M, Lucisano A. The oxidative metabolism of aldicarb in pigs: in vivo-in vitro comparison. Drug Metabol Drug Interact 2002; 11:127-38. [PMID: 12369596 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi.1994.11.2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aldicarb was administered (1 mg/kg b.w.) to four female pigs and the kinetics of its major oxidized metabolites (sulfoxide and sulfone) was followed for 6 hours. The in vitro transformations of the carbamate pesticide into these two still active metabolites were also investigated in hepatocytes and in microsomes from pig livers. In all cases, aldicarb was quickly oxidized to the sulfoxide (major metabolite) and only a minor quantity of sulfone was produced. The in vivo toxic symptomatology was related to the peak serum concentration of sulfoxide, suggesting that this metabolite is principally responsible for the aldicarb toxicity. Selective in vitro inhibition of flavin-containing and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases confirmed that the former enzymes catalyze mainly sulfoxide production whereas the latter that of sulfone.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Montesissa
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology, University of Bologna, Italy
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Calzetta L, Cavaliere M, Ruggeri E, Ricci A, Crescenzo G, Amorena M. Incidence of intentional poisoning of dogs in the Abruzzo region of Italy. Vet Hum Toxicol 2002; 44:111-3. [PMID: 11931499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Toxicological assays done between 1997 and 2000 on 105 presumed baits of the baits and poisonings in 408 dogs are reported. Of the baits, 54.4% were positive for organophosphates and 27.5% for strychnine. In 31.1% of the dog cases, analysis confirmed the presence of toxic concentrations of organophosphate pesticides (43.3%) and strychnine (44.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Calzetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Agroalimentari, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria Università degli Studi di Teramo Località Cartecchio, Teramo, TE, Italy
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De Liguoro M, Amorena M, Naso B, Donato A, Lucisano A. Levels of p,p'-DDE in liver of predatory birds from Calabria, Italy. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2002; 68:377-382. [PMID: 11993812 DOI: 10.1007/s001280264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M De Liguoro
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology and Hygiene, Agripolis, Legnaro, Italy
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Abstract
A study to update dibutyltin (DBT) and tributyltin (TBT) residues in farmed fish and shellfish (Mytilus edulis) was carried out 4 years after the adopting of the restricting regulation of the antifouling uses of organotins in Italy. DBT and TBT were simultaneously extracted from farmed fish and shellfish (M. edulis) and from free living specimens, used as control, purchased from retail stores or fishermen in the province of Naples (Italy), and detected using a capillary gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photometric detector (GC-FPD). Dosable amounts of DBT were found in the 10% of the farmed fish analyzed, ranging from 1 to 26 micrograms kg-1 wet wt (mean 10 micrograms kg-1) and in the 23% of the free living fish at an average level of 2 micrograms kg-1 wet wt (range 1-4 micrograms kg-1 wet wt). TBT was detected in 85% of the farmed fish, in concentrations varying from 2 to 260 micrograms kg-1 wet wt (mean 28 micrograms kg-1 wet wt) and in 46% of the free living specimens (mean 39 micrograms kg-1 wet wt; range 1-93 micrograms kg-1). All the mussel samples analyzed were polluted by both DBT and TBT. In the farmed mussels the average amounts of DBT and TBT were, respectively, 4 and 2 micrograms kg-1 wet wt; in the free living they were 4 and 5 micrograms kg-1 wet wt, respectively. The results indicate that the DBT and TBT contamination is as highly diffuse in farmed as in free living fish and mussels on sale in retail markets in Naples province even if the levels of the contamination are meanly quite low.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Amodio-Cocchieri
- Dipartimento di Scienza degli Alimenti, Facoltà di Agraria, Federico II University, Portici, Italy
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Loffreda A, Lampa E, Lucarelli C, Amorena M, Contaldi C, Calderaro V, Rossi F. Pharmacokinetics of cefodizime in patients with various degrees of renal failure. Chemotherapy 1999; 45:1-7. [PMID: 9876203 DOI: 10.1159/000007158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of cefodizime, a new expanded-spectrum cephalosporin for parenteral use, was studied in 45 subjects with various degrees of renal failure. Patients were divided into five groups according to the following creatinine clearances: group I >80 ml/min; group II <80-30 ml/min; group III <30-15 ml/min; group IV <15-5 ml/min and group V <5 ml/min. Cefodizime was administered as a 1 g i.v. bolus. Plasma and urinary concentrations of cefodizime were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, using for detection UV absorbance. The following pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated: maximum plasma concentration (C5 min), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), terminal half-life (T1/2), terminal rate constant (lambda-z), total clearance (Clt), volume of distribution (Vd), mean residence time (MRT), urine data-derived terminal half-life (T1/2 r), renal clearance (Clr). The results of this study showed that renal failure induced changes in cefodizime pharmacokinetics. Our data demonstrated a close correlation between degree of renal impairment and pharmacokinetic changes. The maximum plasma concentration (C5 min) was higher in patients with renal failure; T1/2 was increased; AUC also increased from 470.40 +/- 17.80 mg.h/l in the control group to 1,562.30 +/- 170.8 mg.h/l in group V. Moreover, no side effect was observed after treatment with 1 g i.v. of cefodizime. Although renal failure induces significant changes of cefodizime pharmacokinetics, the drug was well tolerated and only in patients with severe renal insufficiency we advise to monitor the interval dose of cefodizime or adjust doses to renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Loffreda
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Institute, Medical School, 2nd University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Matera MG, D'Agostino B, Costantino M, Amorena M, Lucarelli C, Rossi F. Possible functional modulation by acetylcholine of nitric oxide on guinea pig isolated trachea. Life Sci 1998; 62:553-9. [PMID: 9464468 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(97)01152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether acetylcholine induces NO release. We determined the responses on the cholinergic component of the response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) the effects of L-nitro-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME; 1 mM), an inhibitor of NO synthase, of L-Arginine (L-ARG; 1 mM), a precursor of NO synthesis, and methoctramine (0.01-0.1-1 microM), an antagonist of M2 receptors, alone or associated with L-NAME. The experiments were performed on guinea pig isolated intact- or denuded-epithelium tracheal rings contracted in a frequency-dependent manner to EFS. At the maximum frequency tested (30 Hz), the contractile response elicited was 60.36 +/- 0.61% of acetylcholine (100 microM) contraction, while the maximal relaxant effect induced by EFS was -28.40 +/- 0.61% in epithelium intact preparations. A pretreatment with L-NAME significantly (P<0.05) increased the contraction (76.08 +/- 1.39%) and reduced the relaxation elicited by EFS. L-NAME effect on both EFS induced responses were statistically (P<0.05) reversed by the association L-NAME + L-ARG. Methoctramine (1 microM) enhanced contractile (P<0.05) (79.20 +/- 2.21%), as well as relaxant responses (-38.73 +/- 0.99%) elicited by EFS in guinea pig epithelium-intact tracheal rings; in a separate series of experiments, performed on guinea pig epithelium-intact rings, L-NAME increased the contractile responses to methoctramine (82.6 +/- 2.31), but reduced the relaxant ones (26.38 +/- 1.29). In contrast, at the maximum frequency tested, it increased only the contractile response, but not modify the relaxant one, in epithelium denuded rings. In conclusion, the present data showed that the release of acetylcholine from postganglionic cholinergic nerves plays an important role on NO formation and this effect may be modulate by epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Matera
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology - Faculty of Medicine - 2nd University of Naples, Italy
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Matera MG, Amorena M, Marabese I, Loffreda A, D'Agostino B, Lucisano A, Rossi F. Evidence for non-adrenergic non-cholinergic contractile responses in bovine and swine trachea. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 1998; 10:105-10. [PMID: 9425642 DOI: 10.1006/pupt.1997.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) contraction of airway smooth muscle has been observed in some but not all animal species. The aim of this study was to investigate the NANC-contractile responses in bovine and swine trachea. Proximal and distal bovine and swine trachea were cut in strips and placed in 10 ml organ baths equilibrated in Krebs Henseleit (KH) solution and electrically stimulated (10 sec, 60 V, 2 ms, 4, 10 and 30 Hz). Contractile frequency response curves performed in the presence of the muscarinic antagonist, atropine (100 mM), the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (1 microM) and the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, thiorphan (1 microM), added 30 min prior to electrical field stimulation (EFS). In some tissues, incubated with atropine thiorphan and captopril, were also evaluated the effects of a pretreatment with capsaicin (10 microM) or a selective NK1 receptor antagonist, SR 14033 (100 nM) added to the baths 30 min prior to EFS. Bovine and swine proximal and distal tracheal preparations contracted in a frequency-dependent manner to EFS (4, 10 and 30 Hz). Some experiments were also performed with substance P (0.1 nM to 1 microM) in absence or in presence of SR 14033 (10 nM or 100 nM). At the maximum frequency tested (30 Hz), the contractile response elicited in bovine proximal and distal preparations was 194.5 +/- 17.1% and 229.7 +/- 24.1%, of ACh (100 microM), respectively. Similarly, the contractile response elicited by EFS (30 Hz) in swine proximal and distal preparations was 187.2 +/- 12.1% and 181.6 +/- 9.2% of ACh (100 microM), respectively. In tissues incubated with atropine, a significant decrease in smooth muscle sensitivity to EFS was observed (P < 0.05). When tissues were pretreated with captopril and thiorphan, a significant increase in the contractile response to EFS (30 Hz) was observed in all tested tissue preparations (bovine, proximal 210.1 +/- 14.4%, distal 264.3 +/- 16.2%; swine, proximal 199.3 +/- 14.9%, distal 206.3 +/- 16.2%, P < 0.05). In the presence of atropine, captopril and thiorphan a significant increase in the contractile response was observed in bovine and swine distal preparations compared with tissues incubated with atropine only (P < 0.05). These effects were antagonized by a pretreatment with a selective NK1 receptor antagonist, SR 14033. A pretreatment with capsaicin statistically (P < 0.05) enhanced EFS-induced contraction in all tested preparations respect to tissues incubated with atropine, thiorphan and captopril. Substance P induced a concentration dependent contraction of bovine and swine isolated tracheal preparations which was antagonized by a pretreatment with a selective NK1 receptor antagonist, SR 14033. No significant difference in the contractile potency (EC50) nor in maximum response (Emax) was observed to exogenously administered substance P between proximal and distal tracheal preparations. These data suggest that NANC contractile responses are present in bovine and swine trachea and are more evident in distal airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Matera
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, 2nd University of Naples, Italy
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Matera MG, Imperatore F, D'Agostino B, Amorena M, Luongo C, Mangoni G, Scafuro MA, Portolano F, Rossi F. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen exposure on non-adrenergic non-cholinergic responses of rat trachea. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 1997; 95:105-8. [PMID: 9055353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of prolonged (20 day) hyperbaric exposure (HBO) to oxygen on non adrenergic non cholinergic (NANC) contractile and relaxant responses of rat trachea were examined. The electrical field stimulation (EFS) of rat tracheal rings was performed at 30 Hz and contractile and relaxant responses were assessed in the absence or in the presence of pretreatment with L-nitro-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthase, and L-Arginine (L-ARG), a precursor of NO synthesis, plus L-NAME. Our data demonstrated that L-NAME significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the contractile responses induced by EFS (controls 30.6 +/- 0.99%; L-NAME 76.07 +/- 2.00%) and statistically (p < 0.05) reduced the relaxant component of EFS (controls 31.10 +/- 0.46; L-NAME 15.00 +/- 0.12); these effects were reversed when tissues were pretreated with L-ARG plus L-NAME, suggesting that NO plays a modulatory role in cholinergic neurotransmission and participates in EFS relaxant responses. Moreover, prolonged HBO exposure (20 days) at 202.6 and 303.9 kPa did not modify the contractile or relaxant responses induced by EFS, nor modify the L-NAME or L-ARG effects on EFS responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Matera
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, 2nd University of Naples, Italy
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been cited to play an important regulatory role in airway function. Moreover, the NO synthase expression in models of inflammation is documented. The aim of this study was to investigate, in vitro, the NO modulation of cholinergic responses in sham-sensitized and ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pig trachea by using L-arginine (L-ARG), a precursor of NO synthesis, and L-Ng-nitro-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthase. Our results showed that NO's ability to modulate cholinergic responses in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pig trachea is lost. Indeed L-ARG and L-NAME modify acetylcholine sensitivity in sham-sensitized guinea pig but not in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D'Agostino
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, 2nd University of Naples, Italy
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Montesissa C, De Liguoro M, Amorena M, Lucisano A, Carli S. In vitro comparison of aldicarb oxidation in various food-producing animal species. Vet Hum Toxicol 1995; 37:333-6. [PMID: 8540222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aldicarb (ALD) metabolism was studied in vitro using hepatic microsomes from chickens, rabbits, sheep and pigs. The microsomal activities of mono-ooxygenase enzymes (flavin-containing and cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed function oxygenases) were compared by measuring the quantity of the 2 oxidized metabolites, ALD sulfoxide and ALD sulfone, produced during 60 min of incubation. Pig microsomes produced the greatest quantity of ALD sulfoxide and the lowest quantity of ALD sulfone; the latter being produced in greater quantities in sheep than in chickens and rabbits. Aldicarb and its metabolites were degraded fastest in rabbits, probably by hydrolytic reactions. These in vitro results, which are consistent both with the levels of cytochrome P450 found in hepatic microsomes and previous in vivo data on ALD kinetics in pigs, rabbits and chickens, indicate that preliminary in vitro studies can limit the necessary use of animals for drug metabolism experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Montesissa
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bologna, Italy
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23
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Maglione F, Guarini MC, Montanari A, Cirillo F, Postiglione M, Pica M, Amorena M, De Liguoro M. [Determination of propofol blood levels in mothers and newborns in anesthesia for cesarean section]. Minerva Anestesiol 1990; 56:881-3. [PMID: 2274218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Maglione
- Servizio di Anestesiologia, Rianimazione e Terapia Antalgica dell'Osp. le Nuovo Loreto, Usl 44, Napoli
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Loscalzo B, Lucisano A, Crisci A, Agrusta A, Amorena M, Severino L. Soil pollution by atrazine: research on an experimental model. Arch Toxicol Suppl 1989; 13:394-7. [PMID: 2774966 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-74117-3_77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Loscalzo
- Instituto Bio-Sperimentale di Terapia, Università di Napoli, Italy
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