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Chinogurei C, Manne-Goehler J, Kahn K, Kabudula CW, Cornell M, Rohr JK. Socio-Behavioural Barriers to Viral Suppression in the Older Adult Population in Rural South Africa. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:2307-2313. [PMID: 38619653 PMCID: PMC11199210 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
South Africa has the largest share of people living with HIV in the world and this population is ageing. The social context in which people seek HIV care is often ignored. Apart from clinical interventions, socio-behavioural factors impact successful HIV care outcomes for older adults living with HIV. We use cross-sectional data linked with demographic household surveillance data, consisting of HIV positive adults aged above 40, to identify socio-behavioural predictors of a detectable viral load. Older adults were more likely to have a detectable viral load if they did not disclose their HIV positive status to close family members (aOR 2.56, 95% CI 1.89-3.46), resided in the poorest households (aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.23-3.18), or were not taking medications other than ART (aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.02-1.99) likely to have a detectable. Clinical interventions in HIV care must be supported by understanding the socio-behavioural barriers that occur outside the health facility. The importance of community health care workers in bridging this gap may offer more optimum outcomes for older adults ageing with HIV.
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Mphande M, Paneno R, Robson I, Phiri K, Cornell M, van Oosterhout JJ, Njala J, Phiri S, Dovel K. Providing HIV Treatment during community-wide flooding: experiences of clients and Health Care Workers in Malawi. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.28.24306432. [PMID: 38746218 PMCID: PMC11092694 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.28.24306432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background In Malawi, community wide flooding, especially in high HIV burdened districts, continues to affect continuity of care and access to facilities. We explored the lived experiences of clients and healthcare workers (HCWs) to gain understanding of challenges and to propose interventions for improved ART care delivery. Methods Participants came six health facilities and surrounding communities impacted by flooding between Dec 2021-Apr 2022 in Chikwawa, Nsanje and Mulanje districts in Malawi. Facilities are supported by Partners in Hope, a local NGO and PEPFAR/USAID partner.We conducted In-depth interviews with (IDIs) ART clients identified through medical chart reviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with HCWs. IDIs and FGDs were coded using inductive and deductive methods in Atlas.ti. Results We conducted IDIs with 23 respondents, of which, ten were women, ten experienced treatment interruption (>28 days without medication) and 17 relocated from their homes. The Six FGDs involved 37 HCWs. (21 ART providers; 16 lay cadre).In IDIs, most clients who relocated and lost livestock, possessions and ART medications. They travelling for income generation. Barriers to care included dangerous travel conditions, competing needs for time and fear of ill treatment at facilities. Some outreach clinics did not provide ART. Respondents were motivated to remain on care and motivators included fear of developing illnesses and HIV-status acceptance.All providers said that lack of standardized guidelines affected preparedness and response and they advocated for guidelines, stakeholder coordination and adequate resources. Most also reported personal physical exhaustion, damage to their own houses and property, and drug stock-outs. Documentation due to loss of registers was also mostly mentioned. Discussion Clients motivated to remain in care but face barriers and challenges. National flooding protocols, adequate resource planning and seasonal 6-month ART dispensing may improve ART outcomes.
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Matzopoulos R, Prinsloo M, Mhlongo S, Marineau L, Cornell M, Bowman B, Mamashela TA, Gwebushe N, Ketelo A, Martin LJ, Dekel B, Lombard C, Jewkes R, Abrahams N. South Africa's male homicide epidemic hiding in plain sight: exploring sex differences and patterns in homicide risk in a retrospective descriptive study of postmortem investigations. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.02.23285093. [PMID: 36778369 PMCID: PMC9915815 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.23285093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background South Africa has homicide rates six times the global average, predominantly among men, but little is known about male victims. As part of the country's first ever study of male homicide we compared 2017 male and female victim profiles for selected covariates, against global averages and previous estimates for 2009. Methods We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of routine data collected through postmortem investigations, calculating age-standardised mortality rates for manner of death by age, sex and province and male-to-female incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals. We then used generalised linear models and linear regression models to assess the association between sex and victim characteristics including age and mechanism of injury (guns, stabs and blunt force) within and between years. Findings 87% of 19,477 homicides in 2017 were males, equating to seven male deaths for every female, with sharp force and firearm discharge the most common external causes. Rates were higher among males than females at all ages, and up to eight times higher among males aged 15-44 years. Provincial rates varied overall and by sex, with the highest comparative risk for men vs. women in the Western Cape Province (11.4 males for every 1 female). Male homicides peaked during December and were highest on weekends, underscoring the prominent role of alcohol as a risk factor. Significantly more males tested positive for alcohol than females. Interpretation The massive, disproportionate and enduring homicide risk borne by adult South African men highlights the negligible prevention response. Only through challenging the normative perception of male invulnerability can we begin to address the enormous burden of violence impacting men. There is an urgent need to address the insidious effect of such societal norms alongside implementing structural interventions to overcome the root causes of poverty and inequality and better control alcohol and firearms. Funding South African Medical Research Council and Ford Foundation.
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Ruffieux Y, Efthimiou O, Van den Heuvel LL, Joska JA, Cornell M, Seedat S, Mouton JP, Prozesky H, Lund C, Maxwell N, Tlali M, Orrell C, Davies MA, Maartens G, Haas AD. The treatment gap for mental disorders in adults enrolled in HIV treatment programmes in South Africa: a cohort study using linked electronic health records. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2021; 30:e37. [PMID: 33993900 PMCID: PMC8157506 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796021000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Mental disorders are common in people living with HIV (PLWH) but often remain untreated. This study aimed to explore the treatment gap for mental disorders in adults followed-up in antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes in South Africa and disparities between ART programmes regarding the provision of mental health services. METHODS We conducted a cohort study using ART programme data and linked pharmacy and hospitalisation data to examine the 12-month prevalence of treatment for mental disorders and factors associated with the rate of treatment for mental disorders among adults, aged 15-49 years, followed-up from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017 at one private care, one public tertiary care and two pubic primary care ART programmes in South Africa. We calculated the treatment gap for mental disorders as the discrepancy between the 12-month prevalence of mental disorders in PLWH (aged 15-49 years) in South Africa (estimated based on data from the Global Burden of Disease study) and the 12-month prevalence of treatment for mental disorders in ART programmes. We calculated adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) for factors associated with the treatment rate of mental disorders using Poisson regression. RESULTS In total, 182 285 ART patients were followed-up over 405 153 person-years. In 2017, the estimated treatment gap for mental disorders was 40.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 19.5-52.9) for patients followed-up in private care, 96.5% (95% CI 95.0-97.5) for patients followed-up in public primary care and 65.0% (95% CI 36.5-85.1) for patients followed-up in public tertiary care ART programmes. Rates of treatment with antidepressants, anxiolytics and antipsychotics were 17 (aRR 0.06, 95% CI 0.06-0.07), 50 (aRR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01-0.03) and 2.6 (aRR 0.39, 95% CI 0.35-0.43) times lower in public primary care programmes than in the private sector programmes. CONCLUSIONS There is a large treatment gap for mental disorders in PLWH in South Africa and substantial disparities in access to mental health services between patients receiving ART in the public vs the private sector. In the public sector and especially in public primary care, PLWH with common mental disorders remain mostly untreated.
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Feng C, Cornell M, Moore K, Karunamuni R, Seibert T. Automated Contouring and Planning for Hippocampal-Avoidant Whole-Brain Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moiseenko V, Atwood T, Coffey C, Hua P, Cornell M, Sanghvi P. PO-0808: Geometric and dosimetric evaluation of submandibular gland sparing following gland transfer. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cornell M, White G, O'Neal R, Hua P, Uhl J, Hartman P, Billoo A, McCall R, Zegers B. Pre-Clinical Validation and Efficiency Analysis of Semi-Automated Plan Documentation Process. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kaderka R, Mundt R, LI N, Bry V, Cornell M, Moore K. Measuring the Impact of Widespread Clinical Adoption of Knowledge-Based Planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kaderka R, Mundt R, Li N, Ziemer B, Atwood T, Cornell M, Moore K. EP-1979: Automated non-inferiority validation of knowledge-based planning across multiple disease sites. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)32288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cornell M, Ziemer B, LI N, Moore K. Rapid Pre-Clinical Validation of Knowledge-Based Planning Routines across Multiple Disease Sites. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kaderka R, Gillespie E, Mundt R, Bryant A, Cornell M, Atwood T, Murphy J. Potential Pitfalls When Using Surrogate Radiation Dose Measures in Place of Real Dosimetric Data in Radiation Epidemiology Research. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cervino L, Soultan D, Pettersson N, Yock A, Cornell M, Aguilera J, Murphy J, Gill B, Advani S, Moiseenko V. MO-FG-BRA-05: Dosimetric and Radiobiological Validation of Respiratory Gating in Conventional and Hypofractionated Radiotherapy of the Lung: Effect of Dose, Dose Rate, Gating Window and Breathing Pattern. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Soultan D, Yock A, Cornell M, Murphy J, Gill B, Song W, Moiseenko V, Cerviño L. EP-1774: A novel phantom for dosimetric verification of gated SIB radiotherapy treatment plans. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)33025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zaks D, Fletcher R, Salamon S, Kim G, Ning T, Cornell M, Pawlicki T, Cervino L. SU-D-BRD-05: Online Framework for Plan Tracking and Automatic Checks in Radiation Therapy. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4923871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Casares-Magaz O, Thor M, Muren L, Hopper A, Einck J, Cornell M, Knopp R, Deasy J, Moiseenko V. The need for dose re-calculation on cone-beam CTs in dose-response studies of pelvic normal tissues. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Garone DB, Conradie K, Patten G, Cornell M, Goemaere W, Kunene J, Kerschberger B, Ford N, Boulle A, Van Cutsem G. High rate of virological re-suppression among patients failing second-line antiretroviral therapy following enhanced adherence support: A model of care in Khayelitsha, South Africa. South Afr J HIV Med 2013. [DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v14i4.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To describe and evaluate the outcomes of a support programme for patients with virological failure while receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa.Method. We described a comprehensive medical and counselling patient support programme for patients receiving secondline ART and with two consecutive viral loads (VLs) >1 000 copies/ml. Patients with >3 months follow-up and at least one VL measurement after inclusion in the programme were eligible for analysis.Results. Of 69 patients enrolled in the programme, 40 had at least one follow-up VL and no known drug resistance at enrolment; 27 (68%) of these re-suppressed while remaining on second-line ART following enhanced adherence support. The majority (18/27; 67%) achieved re-suppression within the first 3 months in the programme. Five patients with diagnosed second-line drug resistance achieved viral re-suppression (<400 copies/ml) after being switched to third-line ART. Seven patients (7/40; 18%) did not achieve viral re-suppression after 9 months in the programme: 6 with known adherence problems (4 without drug resistance on genotype) and 1 with a VL <1 000 copies/ml. Overall, 3 patients (4%) died, 3 (4%) were lost to follow-up and 2 (3%) were transferred out.Conclusion. Our experience from a routine programme demonstrates that with targeted adherence support, the majority of patients who were viraemic while receiving second-line ART returned to an undetectable VL within 3 months. By increasing the time receiving second-line ART and decreasing the need for genotypes and/or third-line ART, this intervention may reduce costs.
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Kim G, Cornell M, Rice R, Sanghvi P. VMAT Technique for the Circumferential Treatment of a Limb With Leukemia Cutis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Men's increased risk of death in ART programmes in sub-Saharan Africa is widely reported but poorly understood. Some studies have attributed this risk to men's poorer health-seeking behaviour, which may prevent them from accessing ART, being adherent to treatment, or remaining in care. In a multicentre analysis of 46 201 adults starting ART in urban and rural settings in South Africa, these factors only partly explained men's increased mortality while receiving ART. Importantly, the gender difference in mortality among patients receiving ART (31% higher for men than women) was substantially smaller than that among HIV-negative South Africans, where men had twice the risk of death compared with women. Yet, this extreme gender inequality in mortality, both within and outside of ART programmes, has not given rise to widespread action. Here it is argued that, despite their dominance in society, men may be subject to a wide range of unfair discriminatory practices, which negatively affect their health outcomes. The health needs of men and boys require urgent attention.
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Cornell M, Banks CJ, Heaven S. Effect of increasing the organic loading rate on the co-digestion and mono-digestion of cattle slurry and maize. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2012; 66:2336-2342. [PMID: 23032762 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2012.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Co-digestion of cattle slurry and maize has been shown to have benefits for both, improving the biogas yield of the slurry and stability of digestion of the maize. The effect of increasing the total loading rate from 3 to 6 g VS l(-1) day(-1) on the co-digestion of cattle slurry and maize, mixed at equal volatile solids volumes, was investigated in laboratory-scale continuously stirred digesters. These were compared with similar digesters evaluating the increase of 1.5 to 3 g VS l(-1) day(-1) loading rates of slurry and maize digested separately. Compared with mono-digestion of the substrates, where the digestion of maize failed at loading rates greater than 2.5 g VS l(-1) day(-1), the co-digestion of cattle slurry and maize was feasible at all the loading rates tested with an increase in the volumetric methane yield occurring with loading rate. Even at the lowest rate of loading, the addition of equal amounts of volatile solids of maize to slurry leads to an increase in volumetric methane yield of 219%.
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Laughton B, Springer P, Grove D, Seedat S, Cornell M, Kidd M, Madhi S, Cotton M. Longitudinal developmental profile of children from low socio-economic circumstances in Cape Town, using the 1996 Griffiths Mental Development Scales. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHILD HEALTH 2010; 4:106-111. [PMID: 22984637 PMCID: PMC3439644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Griffiths Mental Development Scales (GMDS) have not been standardised in South African children Neurodevelopmental scores of infants from deprived environments decline with age, but there is no evidence on how young South African children from such backgrounds perform on serial assessments. AIM: To describe the longitudinal developmental profile of infants from low socio-economic backgrounds at Tygerberg Children's Hospital by comparing the GMDS scores performed at 10 - 12 months and 20 - 22 months. METHODS: Infants born to HIV-uninfected women attending the public service programme were recruited from a vaccine study in Cape Town, South Africa. The GMDS 0 - 2 years and a neurological examination were performed between 10 and 12 months and between 20 and 22 months. RESULTS: Thirty-one infants (14 girls, 17 boys) were assessed. Their mean (standard deviation (SD)) age was 11.6 (0.8) months and 21.0 (0.5) months at the first and second assessments, respectively. The mean (SD) general quotient decreased significantly from 107.3 (11.7) to 95.0 (11.0) (p<0.001). All sub-quotients decreased significantly except for locomotor. The hearing and language sub-quotient was most affected, with a decrease in mean quotients from 113.0 to 93.2 (p<0.001). There was no evidence of intercurrent events to explain the decline. INTERPRETATION: Scores on the GMDS of this group of children from low socio-economic backgrounds were normal at 11 months and, other than locomotor, decreased significantly at 21 months, with language the most affected. Further research is needed to determine the specific reasons for the decline.
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Heaven S, Banks CJ, Cornell M. Effect of solid and liquid retention times on hydrolysis of maize. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2008; 58:1371-1378. [PMID: 18957749 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2008.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
First stage hydrolysis/acidification, using maize as the substrate, was carried out both in single pass (SP) reactors at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) and in hydraulic flush (HF) reactors in which the solids and liquid retention time were uncoupled. The HF reactors were operated at two different loadings (2 and 4 g VS l(-1) d(-1)) and at liquid retention times between 2-16 days with solids held for 20 days. The volatile solids destruction (VS(destroyed) d(-1)) and specific methane potential (l CH(4) g VS(added) d(-1)) of the intermediate products formed in the SP reactors both decreased with increasing retention and showed a maximum VS destruction of 55.6% at a 2-day HRT. The HF reactors showed a slightly lower VS destruction at the same loading but the methane potential was slightly higher as the intermediate COD produced had a greater proportion of volatile fatty acids (VFA) present. At the loading used it was necessary to operate the HF reactors at a HRT of less than 8 days to have any benefit over the SP reactors.
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Wang I, Smith J, Cornell M, Guthrie T, Pasque M, Avidan M, de Wet C, Hill L, Moazami N. 544: Management and outcomes of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in ventricular assist device and cardiac transplant patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2006.11.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Cornell M, Evans DA, Mann R, Fostier M, Flasza M, Monthatong M, Artavanis-Tsakonas S, Baron M. The Drosophila melanogaster Suppressor of deltex gene, a regulator of the Notch receptor signaling pathway, is an E3 class ubiquitin ligase. Genetics 1999; 152:567-76. [PMID: 10353900 PMCID: PMC1460625 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/152.2.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, the Notch receptor regulates many cell fate decisions by a signaling pathway that has been conserved during evolution. One positive regulator of Notch is Deltex, a cytoplasmic, zinc finger domain protein, which binds to the intracellular domain of Notch. Phenotypes resulting from mutations in deltex resemble loss-of-function Notch phenotypes and are suppressed by the mutation Suppressor of deltex [Su(dx)]. Homozygous Su(dx) mutations result in wing-vein phenotypes and interact genetically with Notch pathway genes. We have previously defined Su(dx) genetically as a negative regulator of Notch signaling. Here we present the molecular identification of the Su(dx) gene product. Su(dx) belongs to a family of E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins containing membrane-targeting C2 domains and WW domains that mediate protein-protein interactions through recognition of proline-rich peptide sequences. We have identified a seven-codon deletion in a Su(dx) mutant allele and we show that expression of Su(dx) cDNA rescues Su(dx) mutant phenotypes. Overexpression of Su(dx) also results in ectopic vein differentiation, wing margin loss, and wing growth phenotypes and enhances the phenotypes of loss-of-function mutations in Notch, evidence that supports the conclusion that Su(dx) has a role in the downregulation of Notch signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cloning, Molecular
- Drosophila Proteins
- Drosophila melanogaster/chemistry
- Drosophila melanogaster/enzymology
- Drosophila melanogaster/genetics
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes, Insect/genetics
- Genes, Suppressor/genetics
- Genetic Complementation Test
- Insect Proteins/genetics
- Ligases/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Phenotype
- Phylogeny
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, Notch
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
- Transfection
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
- Wings, Animal/embryology
- Wings, Animal/growth & development
- Wings, Animal/metabolism
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Shah S, Cornell M, Ward AJ. Evaluation of moisture penetration through skin protectant barriers by paper chromatography. ADVANCES IN WOUND CARE : THE JOURNAL FOR PREVENTION AND HEALING 1995; 8:20-1, 25, 27. [PMID: 7627417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is no convenient and safe experimental method in the literature to evaluate skin protectant formulations for barrier properties. A novel and simple experimental method, based on paper chromatography, was developed to screen a broad spectrum of skin protectants available for moisture penetration. The method involves the use of paper chromatography for determining the Moisture Penetration Rate through a thin barrier film of a given skin protectant product. It is simple, inexpensive, convenient, and safe and was used to evaluate 12 products currently used as skin protectants. This method can be used by formulators in their development efforts and by caregivers to determine the barrier properties of various products in a short period of time without expensive instrumentation or extensive time commitments. Skin irritation resulting from fecal and urinary incontinence is a common problem for geriatric patients (Fiers & Siebert, 1993, Talbot, 1994). Various products on the market today are used as protective barriers to prevent skin irritation from moisture penetration. However, from the caregiver's perspective, there is a need for identifying the best product or the relative ranking of products based on suitable test methods. There is a lack of suitable in vitro test methods to screen skin protectant barriers (Guillemin, Murset, Lob, & Riquez, 1974; Pigatto, Bigardi, Legori, Altomare, & Finzi, 1993) on the market. For any method to be acceptable it must be convenient, simple, reproducible, and safe for use on human volunteers. More importantly, it must have clinical relevance.
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Wilkinson MC, Klein G, Cornell M, Rainsbury RM. The pheasant's revenge: an unusual zoonotic injury. BMJ : BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1987; 295:1659. [PMID: 3121122 PMCID: PMC1257522 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.295.6613.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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