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Lewis RW, Andrus AK, Arroyo J, Brescia S, Botham PA, Corvaro M, Daston GP, Hofmann T, Rodriguez C, Sewell F, van Ravenzwaay B, Wiench K, Marty S. Considerations for the development of guidance on dose level selection for developmental and reproductive toxicity studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 148:105585. [PMID: 38403008 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In 2022, the European Chemicals Agency issued advice on the selection of high dose levels for developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) studies indicating that the highest dose tested should aim to induce clear evidence of reproductive toxicity without excessive toxicity and severe suffering in parental animals. In addition, a recent publication advocated that a 10% decrease in body weight gain should be replaced with a 10% decrease in bodyweight as a criterion for dose adequacy. Experts from the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals evaluated these recent developments and their potential impact on study outcomes and interpretation and identified that the advice was not aligned with OECD test guidelines or with humane endpoints guidance. Furthermore, data analysis from DART studies indicated that a 10% decrease in maternal body weight during gestation equates to a 25% decrease in body weight gain, which differs from the consensus of experts at a 2010 ILSI/HESI workshop. Dose selection should be based on a biological approach that considers a range of other factors. Excessive dose levels that cause frank toxicity and overwhelm homeostasis should be avoided as they can give rise to effects that are not relevant to human health assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Lewis
- Regulatory Science Associates, Inverkip, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - A K Andrus
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA
| | | | - S Brescia
- Health & Safety Executive, Chemicals Regulation Division (CRD), Bootle, UK
| | | | - M Corvaro
- Corteva Agriscience Italia S.r.l., Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - F Sewell
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, UK.
| | | | | | - S Marty
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA
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Domoradzki J, Corvaro M. S-28-04 Putting the puzzle together: Integrated weight of evidence (WoE) approach to optimize animal toxicity studies. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Corvaro M, Johnson K, Himmelstein M, Bianchi E, Mingoia R, Bartels M, Reiss R, Terry C, LaRocca J, Murphy L, Gehen S. P06-13 Spinosad – mode of action and human relevance assessment of dystocia in rats. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Esterik JV, Heusinkveld H, Corvaro M, Laan JVD, Lewis D, Madia F, Manou I, Marx-Stoelting P, Melching-Kollmuss S, Pasquier E, Schorsch F, Steiblen G, Strupp C, Wolterink G, Woutersen R, Corvi R, Mehta J, Luijten M. P08-18 Predicting non-genotoxic carcinogenic potential of agrochemicals: a mechanistic approach. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Corvaro M. S-23-03 From tick-the-box to out-of-the-box: an industry perspective on changing human health assessment paradigms for agrochemicals. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Holmes T, Andrew D, Corvaro M, Manou I, Mueller B, Rowan T, Horgan G, Sewell F. P21-18 New data supporting recognition of evident toxicity in acute oral toxicity studies (OECD TG 420). Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Heusinkveld H, Braakhuis H, Corvaro M, Vinken J, Lewis D, Madia F, Manou I, Marx-Stölting P, Melching-Kollmuss S, Nygren J, Pasquier E, Schorsch F, Steiblen G, Wolterink G, Woutersen R, Corvi R, Mehta J, Luijten M. Predicting non-genotoxic carcinogenic potential of agrochemicals: a mechanistic approach. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Corvaro M, Gehen S, Andrews K, Chatfield R, Macleod F, Mehta J. A retrospective analysis of in vivo eye irritation, skin irritation and skin sensitisation studies with agrochemical formulations: Setting the scene for development of alternative strategies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 89:131-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Corvaro M, Gehen S, Andrews K, Chatfield R, Arasti C, Mehta J. GHS additivity formula: A true replacement method for acute systemic toxicity testing of agrochemical formulations. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 82:99-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Corvaro M, Terry C, Rasoulpour R. Regulatory acceptance of mechanistic studies for pesticides: The sulfoxaflor example. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Corvaro M, Gehen S, Andrews K, Chatfield R, Macleod F, Mikolajczak H, Moore J, Mehta J. Re-shaping acute toxicity testing of agrochemical formulations by combining the GHS ATE formula and in vitro approaches. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Aggarwal M, Corvaro M, Morriss A, Mehta J. Phototoxicity testing requirement for agrochemicals under regulation 1107/2009: Tier 1 human risk assessment framework. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Corvaro M, Aggarwal M, Gehen S, Mehta J. Re-shaping acute toxicity testing agrochemical formulations by combining the GHS ATE formula and in vitro approaches. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Different cellular pathways can lead to apoptosis. Apaf1 is the molecular core of the apoptosome, a multiproteic complex mediating the so-called mitochondrial pathway of cell death. The importance of this pathway during development has been clearly demonstrated by knocking out key genes. Also, the relevance of Apaf1 dosage during development has been recently underlined. Moreover, a growing body of evidences seems to point out a possible role of the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in different pathologies. In particular, we discuss here some recent evidences regarding the putative role of the apoptosome in neurodegeneration and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ferraro
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute at the Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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