[Nimodipine in treatment of bipolar disorder]

The purpose of this review is to correlate current data on the molecular mechanisms of action of the drug Nimodipine with its clinical effects and applicability in mental disorders belonging to the spectrum of affective pathology. The article discusses the prospects for using the calcium channel blocker nimodipine as a method of both mono and combination therapy for bipolar disorders with various types of course. Nimodipine is a selective blocker of voltage-dependent calcium channels, a dihydropyridine derivative. By blocking L type calcium channels, it prevents the entry of calcium ions into the cell. Due to its pronounced ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, it has a selective effect on brain neurons and has a vasodilating, antihypertensive and normotimic effect. Nimodipine blocks LTCC channels in brain neurons, thereby influencing synaptic plasticity, transmitter release and excitation-transcription coupling, which makes it possible to influence various clinical conditions with pathology in the area of affect, including bipolar disorders with ultra-rapid cycling, and also, in cases with high resistance and intolerance to other mood stabilizers.

[Treatment of mental disorders caused or triggered by somatic and neurological diseases with the use of the multimodal antidepressant trazodone]

The purpose of this narrative review is to relate current data on the molecular mechanisms of action of trazodone with its clinical effects and applicability in mental disorders caused or triggered by somatic and neurological disease, according to available publications. In the article, the prospects for the use of the multimodal antidepressant trazodone are discussed in accordance with therapeutic targets. The latter are discussed in accordance with the typology of the mentioned above psychosomatic disorders. Trazodone is an antidepressant acting primarily due to the blockade of postsynaptic serotonin 5H2A- and 5H2C-receptors, as well as the blockade of serotonin reuptake, but also has affinity for a number of additional receptors. The drug has a favorable safety profile and a wide range of beneficial effects: antidepressive, somnolent, anxiolytic, anti-dysphoric and somatotropic. This makes it possible to influence a wide range of therapeutic targets in the structure of mental disorders caused or triggered by somatic and neurological diseases, carrying out safe and effective psychopharmacotherapy.