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Gall M, Chan CF, Wurz N, Köhl M. Simulating a Mott Insulator Using Attractive Interaction. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:010403. [PMID: 31976738 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.010403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the particle-hole symmetry in the Hubbard model using ultracold fermionic atoms in an optical lattice. We demonstrate the mapping between charge and spin degrees of freedom and, in particular, show the occurrence of a state with "incompressible" magnetization for attractive interactions. Our results present a novel approach to quantum simulation by giving access to strongly correlated phases of matter through an experimental mapping to easier detectable observables.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gall
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstraße 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - C F Chan
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstraße 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - N Wurz
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstraße 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Köhl
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstraße 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Waser M, Stefani A, Holzknecht E, Garn H, Kohn B, Hackner H, Brandauer E, Bergmann M, Taupe P, Gall M, Högl B. A new diagnostic approach to identify isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (IRBD): 3D video analysis. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Gall M, van Sluijs R, Kohn B, Wiesmeyr C, Wilhelm E, Rondei Q, Jäger L, Achermann P, Landolt HP, Jenni O, Riener R, Garn H, Hill C. Analysis of sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder in children using automatic 3D detections. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Gall M, Garn H, Kohn B, Wiesmeyr C, Klösch G, Stefanic A, Böck M, Wimmer M, Mandl M, Seidel S. Assessment of periodic leg movements during sleep using automatic 3d-video somnography in addition to standard polysomnography. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Garn H, Gall M, Kohn B, Wiesmeyr C, Kloesch G, Wimmer M, Stefanic-Kejik A, Boeck M, Mandl M, Ipsiroglu OS, Seidel S. 0678 Contactless 3D Detection Of Leg Movements In Sleep. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Garn
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, AUSTRIA
| | - M Gall
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, AUSTRIA
| | - B Kohn
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, AUSTRIA
| | - C Wiesmeyr
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, AUSTRIA
| | - G Kloesch
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AUSTRIA
| | - M Wimmer
- Kepler University Clinic, Linz, AUSTRIA
| | | | - M Boeck
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AUSTRIA
| | - M Mandl
- Kepler University Clinic, Linz, AUSTRIA
| | - O S Ipsiroglu
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CANADA
| | - S Seidel
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AUSTRIA
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6
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Drewes JH, Miller LA, Cocchi E, Chan CF, Wurz N, Gall M, Pertot D, Brennecke F, Köhl M. Antiferromagnetic Correlations in Two-Dimensional Fermionic Mott-Insulating and Metallic Phases. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:170401. [PMID: 28498688 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.170401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the emergence of antiferromagnetic correlations between ultracold fermionic atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice with decreasing temperature. We determine the uniform magnetic susceptibility of the two-dimensional Hubbard model from simultaneous measurements of the in situ density distribution of both spin components. At half filling and strong interactions our data approach the Heisenberg model of localized spins with antiferromagnetic correlations. Moreover, we observe a fast decay of magnetic correlations when doping the system away from half filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Drewes
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - L A Miller
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - E Cocchi
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - C F Chan
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - N Wurz
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Gall
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Pertot
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - F Brennecke
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Köhl
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Burgess JE, Gall M, Orr S, Kilbey S. Formation of Defence Primary Healthcare: a new way of delivering firm base primary healthcare. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2016; 163:89-93. [PMID: 27286781 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2015-000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Following the Strategic Defence and Security Review of 2010, the UK Surgeon General was directed to merge the delivery of primary healthcare from the three single Service organisations to a unified Defence Primary Healthcare. Although front line clinical staff were to be preserved, considerable savings were to be made in headquarters staff. This was one of the largest UK military medicine changes in delivery for a generation. The changes were completed on time with the transfer of UK and overseas general practice, specialist community services and dentistry, with a later requirement to add healthcare for the Reserves. The first years of this initiative have been remarkably successful, and Defence Primary Healthcare (DPHC) has progressively increased performance in all the QOF criteria measured by Defence Statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Gall
- Head RAF Medical Services, High Wycombe, UK
| | - S Orr
- Head RAF Medical Services, High Wycombe, UK
| | - S Kilbey
- Head RAF Medical Services, High Wycombe, UK
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Pavan A, Gall M, Greenlee MW. Motion-priming in crowding: evidence for motion averaging. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Kozisek J, Herich P, Fronc M, Gall M. Electronic structure of tetrakis(μ 2-acetato)-diaquadichromium(II) complex, [C 8H 16Cr 2O 10]. Acta Crystallogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767312098935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Gall M, Kourist R, Schmidt M, Bornscheuer U. Die Rolle des GGG(A)X-Motivs für die Enantioselektivität der PLE gegenüber tertiären Alkoholen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200950155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thomson AH, Staatz CE, Tobin CM, Gall M, Lovering AM. Development and evaluation of vancomycin dosage guidelines designed to achieve new target concentrations. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 63:1050-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkp085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Udy J, Gall M, Longstaff B, Moore K, Roelfsema C, Spooner DR, Albert S. Water quality monitoring: a combined approach to investigate gradients of change in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Mar Pollut Bull 2005; 51:224-238. [PMID: 15757724 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
For the managers of a region as large as the Great Barrier Reef, it is a challenge to develop a cost effective monitoring program, with appropriate temporal and spatial resolution to detect changes in water quality. The current study compares water quality data (phytoplankton abundance and water clarity) from remote sensing with field sampling (continuous underway profiles of water quality and fixed site sampling) at different spatial scales in the Great Barrier Reef north of Mackay (20 degrees S). Five transects (20-30 km long) were conducted from clean oceanic water to the turbid waters adjacent to the mainland. The different data sources demonstrated high correlations when compared on a similar spatial scale (18 fixed sites). However, each data source also contributed unique information that could not be obtained by the other techniques. A combination of remote sensing, underway sampling and fixed stations will deliver the best spatial and temporal monitoring of water quality in the Great Barrier Reef.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Udy
- University of Queensland, Qld. 4072, Australia.
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Boyd PW, Watson AJ, Law CS, Abraham ER, Trull T, Murdoch R, Bakker DC, Bowie AR, Buesseler KO, Chang H, Charette M, Croot P, Downing K, Frew R, Gall M, Hadfield M, Hall J, Harvey M, Jameson G, LaRoche J, Liddicoat M, Ling R, Maldonado MT, McKay RM, Nodder S, Pickmere S, Pridmore R, Rintoul S, Safi K, Sutton P, Strzepek R, Tanneberger K, Turner S, Waite A, Zeldis J. A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization. Nature 2000; 407:695-702. [PMID: 11048709 DOI: 10.1038/35037500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Changes in iron supply to oceanic plankton are thought to have a significant effect on concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide by altering rates of carbon sequestration, a theory known as the 'iron hypothesis'. For this reason, it is important to understand the response of pelagic biota to increased iron supply. Here we report the results of a mesoscale iron fertilization experiment in the polar Southern Ocean, where the potential to sequester iron-elevated algal carbon is probably greatest. Increased iron supply led to elevated phytoplankton biomass and rates of photosynthesis in surface waters, causing a large drawdown of carbon dioxide and macronutrients, and elevated dimethyl sulphide levels after 13 days. This drawdown was mostly due to the proliferation of diatom stocks. But downward export of biogenic carbon was not increased. Moreover, satellite observations of this massive bloom 30 days later, suggest that a sufficient proportion of the added iron was retained in surface waters. Our findings demonstrate that iron supply controls phytoplankton growth and community composition during summer in these polar Southern Ocean waters, but the fate of algal carbon remains unknown and depends on the interplay between the processes controlling export, remineralisation and timescales of water mass subduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Boyd
- National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, Centre for Chemical and Physical Oceanography, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Gall M. Implementing structure and control over unofficial inventories in a multispecialty group practice. Hosp Mater Manage Q 1994; 15:50-6. [PMID: 10131698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Materiel managers have been in control of most aspects of the supply chain except for the inventories of the end users, which account for 70 percent of the inventory supply dollars. When the Materials Manager at Lexington Clinic in Lexington, Kentucky, was approached by the Clinic's Chief Executive Officer to implement cost containment measures, the Materials Manager seized the opportunity to implement a six-step program aimed at controlling those supply dollars. Through requisition training, enforcing approval levels, limiting the number of requisitioners, and establishing par levels on floor inventories, the clinic's "unofficial" inventory supply dollars were reduced by 7 percent in the first 12 departments where the par levels were established. The program was hailed as a tremendous success and a positive experience for everyone, from nurses to warehouse clerks.
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Abstract
Ligands of various chemical classes (e.g., indoles, indazoles, benzamides, carbazoles, and quinolines) have demonstrated high affinity for the 5-HT3 receptor in radiolabeled ligand-binding studies, and have shown 5-HT3 receptor antagonistic activity in functional assays which utilize the excitatory effects of 5-HT on enteric neurons and autonomic afferents. Several 5-HT3 antagonists are currently being evaluated for potential use in the treatment of migraine, schizophrenia, and anxiety, and a few have already demonstrated high efficacy as antiemetics in cancer chemotherapy. The purpose of this presentation is to highlight the significant structure-affinity relationships (SAFIR) and common geometrical features among 5-HT3 receptor ligands, and to describe the three-dimensional pharmacophore for the 5-HT3 recognition site derived from computational techniques. The chemical template containing the recognition elements (functional groups) for the 5-HT3 receptor are: an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system, a coplanar carbonyl group, and a nitrogen center, interrelated by well-defined distances. Two "binding shapes" or "active shapes" for 5-HT3 ligands have been identified from detailed conformational analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Evans
- BOC Group Technical Center, Murray Hill, NJ 07974
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Abstract
The effect of pregnancy on peak O2 uptake (VO2 peak) during tethered swimming was evaluated in 10 women during their 25th and 35th wk of pregnancy, as well as 9-11 wk postpartum. The swim results were compared with cycle ergometry results obtained at similar times. The results indicated that exercise-induced maximal heart rates remained the same and were similar for the swim and cycle trials, approximately 184 +/- 4 beats/min. Cycling VO2 peak was not affected by pregnancy, averaging 1.94 +/- 0.11 l/min. Postpartum swim VO2 peak was similar to the cycle results; however, during pregnancy it was significantly lower than cycling VO2 peak (P less than 0.05; postpartum, 1.78 +/- 0.14 l/min; 25th wk, 1.64 +/- 0.12; 35th wk, 1.48 +/- 0.11). Hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrits were lower during pregnancy; however, changes in plasma volume (based on hematocrit and hemoglobin) were found to be significantly greater during cycling than during swimming and also greater during pregnancy for both modes of exercise. It was concluded that, unlike cycling, the VO2 peak of pregnant women during swimming is reduced. This reduction in VO2 peak was associated with a decreased peak ventilation (r = 0.864) but was not correlated to exercise-induced hemoconcentration (r = -0.29). Furthermore, pregnancy results in a greater-than-normal exercise-induced hemoconcentration, which may be related to pregnancy-induced changes in capillary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G McMurray
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599
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Hume RF, Bowie JD, McCoy C, Magarelli PC, Gall M, Hertzberg BS, Carroll BA, Killam AP. Fetal umbilical artery Doppler response to graded maternal aerobic exercise and subsequent maternal mean arterial blood pressure: predictive value for pregnancy-induced hypertension. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163:826-9. [PMID: 2206070 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(90)91077-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Predictive tests for the identification of women at high risk of the development of preeclampsia are critical to allow the most appropriate preventive measures. Preeclampsia is a vasospastic condition of pregnancy characterized by early and enhanced vascular reactivity to endogenous pressor agents. Exercise tolerance testing with cycle ergometry to induce hemodynamic response measured with duplex Doppler A/B ratio of the umbilical artery could unmask latent vascular pressor hypersensitivity. Our prospective cohort study was designed to test the efficacy of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists exercise in pregnancy guidelines for the low-risk athletic, physically active, or sedentary patient. The pattern of fetal response to material exercise testing at 28 weeks' gestation was compared with subsequent maternal mean arterial blood pressure and the development of pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia. Doppler A/B ratio during the recovery period was assessed as below baseline (18) or elevated above resting baseline values (12). Third-trimester blood pressure pattern was assessed to be elevated in 11 patients, 10 of whom had elevated recovery A/B ratios. The Fisher exact test results were (p = 0.00002) positive predictive value, 83%; negative predictive value, 94%; sensitivity, 91%; and specificity, 89%. Preeclampsia developed in four patients; all had elevated recovery A/B ratios. Fisher exact test results were (p = 0.01806) positive predictive value, 33%; negative predictive value, 100%; sensitivity, 100%; and specificity, 69%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Hume
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Watson WJ, McMurray RG, Hackney AC, Katz VL, Gall M. 129 FETAL RESPONSES TO MAXIMAL MATERNAL EXERCISE IN PREGNANCY. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199004000-00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Joffe A, Radius S, Gall M. Health counseling for adolescents: what they want, what they get, and who gives it. Pediatrics 1988; 82:481-5. [PMID: 3405684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the extent of health counseling received by college freshmen from their primary health care providers, 362 students answered questions regarding 15 health topics. Internists provided more counseling than pediatricians and family/general practitioners about smoking and alcohol use, more than pediatricians about drug use and heart disease prevention, and more than family/general practitioners about weight control and nutrition. Pediatricians exceeded family/general practitioners in counseling about weight control and nutrition but did not exceed internists in any areas. For 11 of 15 topics, more than 75% of students reported receiving no counseling. Women were counseled for stress and contraception more frequently than men. Overall, topics most often discussed by physicians were exercise, nutrition, and breast self-examination. The topics most frequently requested by students were exercise, stress (women), depression, weight control (women) and sexually transmitted diseases (men). These data suggest that adolescents receive little health counseling from personal physicians, especially regarding topics leading to great morbidity and mortality for this age group. Pediatricians, especially, must increase the extent of counseling if they are to meet the American Academy of Pediatrics' goal of providing care to adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Joffe
- Johns Hopkins University Student Health Clinic, Baltimore, Maryland
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Abstract
A series of formamidines structurally related to clonidine were synthesized and investigated as potential nonopiate analgesics. Several of these compounds showed potent analgesic activity (ED50 on HCl writhing less than 1.0 mg/kg) with low potential for hypotensive effects. A qualitative description of the structure-activity relationship of this series reveals that the 2,4- and 2,6-dimethylphenyl compounds are more potent analgesics than are the corresponding dichlorophenyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gall
- CNS Diseases Research Laboratories, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001
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Luca P, Gall M. [A case of early atherosclerosis in an African youth]. Rev Med Interna Neurol Psihiatr Neurochir Dermatovenerol Med Interna 1981; 33:89-91. [PMID: 6114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Gall M, Kamdar BV, Collins RJ. Pharmacology of some metabolites of triazolam, alprazolam, and diazepam prepared by a simple, one-step oxidation of benzodiazepines. J Med Chem 1978; 21:1290-4. [PMID: 31483 DOI: 10.1021/jm00210a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A simple, one-step chemical oxidation of triazolam (7) to its 4-hydroxy analogue, 7a, has been developed and applied to other triazolo- and imidazobenzodiazepines. The reaction may be used to convert diazepam to temazepam. 4-Hydroxytriazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepines have low central nervous system sedative and anticonvulsant activity in sharp contrast to metabolites of diazepam which remain active. While 10, an alpha-hydroxy metabolite of triazolam, retains much of the activity of 7, 10a, and alpha,4-dihydroxy metabolite of triazolam, is 250 times less potent than 7 on the nicotine-antagonism assay and over 300 times less potent on the traction assay.
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Gall M, Becker H. [On the use of computer tomography (CT) in clinical psychiatry (author's transl)]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr Grenzgeb 1978; 46:361-8. [PMID: 248340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
220 hospitalized psychiatric patients were examined by computerized tomography (CT) mostly to exclude organic brain dammage. A third of the material proved to be within the normal range, when also slight cortical and subcortical atrophies are considered to be abnormal. Pronounced cerebral atrophy was found in 26.8% of the cases, 5% revealed other significant lesions. CT is a very promissing help in distinguishing vascular from purely degenerative processes. Chronic alcoholism showed an amount of 67% cortical atrophies of all degrees. Endogenic psychoses on the other side failed to demonstrate characteristic results. Many of possible unspecific pathogenetic factors seem to play an important role in this and other disease processes. CT as an almost non-invasive method may be repeated in dubious cases.
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Gall M, Lahti RA, Rudzik AD, Duchamp DJ, Chidester C, Scahill T. Novel anxiolytic agents derived from alpha-amino-alpha-phenyl-o-tolyl-4H-triazoles and -imidazoles. J Med Chem 1978; 21:542-8. [PMID: 27634 DOI: 10.1021/jm00204a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several new alpha-amino-alpha-phenyl-o-tolytriazoles and -imidazoles have been prepared in one step by means of a novel reductive rearrangement of the corresponding benzodiazepines with hydrazine hydrate. These new triazoles were found to have moderate sedative and muscle relaxing activity in mice (i.e., these compounds depressed the traction and dish reflexes at higher doses than did diazepam) but were very potent antagonists of the clonic convulsions induced in mice by the administration of pentylenetetrazole. Furthermore, they antagonized the lethality induced by thiosemicarbazide. While these new compounds were very active in mice, most were inactive in rats. These results are discussed with reference to the metabolism of compound 13.
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Gall M, Hester JB, Rudzik AD, Lahti RA. Synthesis and pharmacology of novel anxiolytic agents derived from 2-[(dialkylamino)methyl-4H-triazol-4-yl] benzophenones and related heterocyclic benzophenones. J Med Chem 1976; 19:1057-64. [PMID: 9511 DOI: 10.1021/jm00230a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel [(dialkylamino)methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]benzophenones and related compounds has been prepared via total synthesis from substituted aminodiphenylmethanes or by hydrolysis and subsequent methylation of triazolobenzodiazepines. These new triazole compounds were found to have potent sedative and muscle relaxing activity in mice (i.e., these compounds depressed the traction and dish reflexes). In addition, the title compounds antagonized the clonic convulsions induced in mice by the administration of pentylenetratrazole (Metrazol, 85 mg/kg), with ED50's varying from 2.0 to 23.0 mg/kg, and the lethality induced by thiosemicarbazide, with ED50's varying from 0.02 to 9.0 mg/kg. In several biological tests, the potency of seven new benzophenone derivatives approached or exceed that of diazepam (35a) or its glycylaminobenzophenone analogue 36.
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Abstract
The results of this study suggest that 5-chloro-2-[3-methyl-5-(dimethylamino)methyltriazol-4-yl]benzophenone can undergo N-dealkylation and ring closure in vivo to form the corresponding benzodiazepine. The in vivo conversion was found to occur in mice, rats, and monkeys. A variety of substituted aminobenzophenone compounds were also able to undergo these conversions. The conversions to benzodiazepines were confirmed by a comparison of retention times on a gas chromatograph as well as through the use of a GC-mass spectrometer. The results obtained did not prove that the N-alkylaminobenzophenones were devoid of activity, but they do suggest that their observed pharmacological activity may be due to the formation of the corresponding benzodiazepines.
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Gall M, Mendelsohn GA. Effects of facilitating techniques and subject-experimenter interaction on creative problem solving. J Pers Soc Psychol 1967; 5:211-6. [PMID: 5633509 DOI: 10.1037/h0024130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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