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Masood S, Hussain A, Javid A, Bukahri SM, Ali W, Ali S, Ghaffar I, Imtiaz A, Amin HMA, Salahuddin H, Inayat M, Razzaq S, Kafayat F, Rafiq H, Yasmeen M, Muneeb M, Sattar S. Fungal decomposition of chicken-feather waste in submerged and solid-state fermentation. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246389. [PMID: 34320050 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry industry is expanding rapidly and producing million tons of feather waste annually. Massive production of keratinaceous byproducts in the form of industrial wastes throughout the world necessitates its justified utilization. Chemical treatment of keratin waste is proclaimed as an eco-destructive approach by various researchers since it generates secondary pollutants. Keratinase released by a variety of microbes (bacteria and fungi) can be used for the effective treatment of keratin waste. Microbial degradation of keratin waste is an emerging and eco-friendly approach and offers dual benefits, i.e., treatment of recalcitrant pollutant (keratin) and procurement of a commercially important enzyme (keratinase). This study involves the isolation, characterization, and potential utility of fungal species for the degradation of chicken-feather waste through submerged and solid-state fermentation. The isolated fungus was identified and characterized as Aspergillus (A.) flavus. In a trial of 30 days, it was appeared that 74 and 8% feather weight was reduced through sub-merged and solid-state fermentation, respectively by A. flavus. The pH of the growth media in submerged fermentation was changed from 4.8 to 8.35. The exploited application of keratinolytic microbes is, therefore, recommended for the treatment of keratinaceous wastes to achieve dual benefits of remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Masood
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Hussain
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Javid
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S M Bukahri
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - W Ali
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Ali
- University of the Punjab, Department of Botany, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - I Ghaffar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Imtiaz
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H M A Amin
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Dairy Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H Salahuddin
- University of Okara, Department of Zoology, Okara, Pakistan
| | - M Inayat
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Razzaq
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - F Kafayat
- University of Okara, Department of Zoology, Okara, Pakistan
| | - H Rafiq
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Yasmeen
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Muneeb
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Sattar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
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Muneeb M, Vasiliev A, Ruocco A, Malik A, Chen H, Nedeljkovic M, Penades JS, Cerutti L, Rodriguez JB, Mashanovich GZ, Smit MK, Tourni E, Roelkens G. III-V-on-silicon integrated micro - spectrometer for the 3 μm wavelength range. Opt Express 2016; 24:9465-9472. [PMID: 27137560 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.009465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A compact (1.2 mm2) fully integrated mid-IR spectrometer operating in the 3 μm wavelength range is presented. To our knowledge this is the longest wavelength integrated spectrometer operating in the important wavelength window for spectroscopy of organic compounds. The spectrometer is based on a silicon-on-insulator arrayed waveguide grating filter. An array of InAs0.91Sb0.09 p-i-n photodiodes is heterogeneously integrated on the spectrometers output grating couplers using adhesive bonding. The spectrometer insertion loss is less than 3 dB and the waveguide-referred responsivity of the integrated photodiodes at room temperature is 0.3 A/W.
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Ayaz MM, Nazir MM, Lashari MH, Akhtar S, Khosa MA, Aziz M, Zahid H, Ali S, Muneeb M, Malik A, Haider S, Zafar Z. Recovery of Schistosoma haematobium ovum from Labeo rohita: first report from Pakistan. Trop Biomed 2015; 32:399-401. [PMID: 26695198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a parasitic disease caused by trematodes from the genus Schistosoma that can infect humans and animals. S. mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. mekongi all causes intestinal schistosomiasis except S. haematobium that causes urinary schistosomiasis. It is only specie which effects urinary system, it can affect liver, heart, lungs also but very rarely. Schistosoma haematobium is endemic to over 50 countries in Africa and the Middle East and Western Asia and may be fatal in HIV positive people. A number of reports from the African countries like Nigeria have been reported. A few cases are reported but in Pakistan it has never been reported before in native people. It is first time reported in Pakistan in the intestine of Rahu (Labeo rohita). The purpose of this study is to elaborate the approach of zoonotic agent by various other routes including the commonly available fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ayaz
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - M H Lashari
- Department of Life Sciences, Islamia University, Bahawalpur
| | - S Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - M A Khosa
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
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Muneeb M, Ruocco A, Malik A, Pathak S, Ryckeboer E, Sanchez D, Cerutti L, Rodriguez JB, Tournié E, Bogaerts W, Smit MK, Roelkens G. Silicon-on-insulator shortwave infrared wavelength meter with integrated photodiodes for on-chip laser monitoring. Opt Express 2014; 22:27300-27308. [PMID: 25401880 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.027300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates a very compact wavelength meter for on-chip laser monitoring in the shortwave infrared wavelength range based on an optimized arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) filter with an integrated photodiode array. The AWG response is designed to obtain large nearest neighbor crosstalk (i.e. large overlap) between output channels, which allows accurately measuring the wavelength of a laser under test using the centroid detection technique. The passive AWG is fabricated on a 220 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform and is combined with GaInAsSb-based photodiodes. The photodiodes are heterogeneously integrated on the output grating couplers of the AWG using DVS-BCB adhesive bonding. The complete device with AWG and detectors has a footprint of only 2 mm(2) while the measured accuracy and resolution of the detected wavelength is better than 20pm.
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Muneeb M, Chen X, Verheyen P, Lepage G, Pathak S, Ryckeboer E, Malik A, Kuyken B, Nedeljkovic M, Van Campenhout J, Mashanovich GZ, Roelkens G. Demonstration of Silicon-on-insulator mid-infrared spectrometers operating at 3.8 μm. Opt Express 2013; 21:11659-11669. [PMID: 23736389 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.011659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The design and characterization of silicon-on-insulator mid-infrared spectrometers operating at 3.8 μm is reported. The devices are fabricated on 200 mm SOI wafers in a CMOS pilot line. Both arrayed waveguide grating structures and planar concave grating structures were designed and tested. Low insertion loss (1.5-2.5 dB) and good crosstalk characteristics (15-20 dB) are demonstrated, together with waveguide propagation losses in the range of 3 to 6 dB/cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Muneeb
- Photonics Research Group, Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - IMEC, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Ryckeboer E, Gassenq A, Muneeb M, Hattasan N, Pathak S, Cerutti L, Rodriguez JB, Tournié E, Bogaerts W, Baets R, Roelkens G. Silicon-on-insulator spectrometers with integrated GaInAsSb photodiodes for wide-band spectroscopy from 1510 to 2300 nm. Opt Express 2013; 21:6101-6108. [PMID: 23482178 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.006101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based spectrometer platform for a wide operational wavelength range. Both planar concave grating (PCG, also known as echelle grating) and arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) spectrometer designs are explored for operation in the short-wave infrared. In addition, a total of four planar concave gratings are designed to cover parts of the wavelength range from 1510 to 2300 nm. These passive wavelength demultiplexers are combined with GaInAsSb photodiodes. These photodiodes are heterogeneously integrated on SOI with benzocyclobutene (DVS-BCB) as an adhesive bonding layer. The uniformity of the photodiode characteristics and high processing yield, indicate a robust fabrication process. We demonstrate good performance of the miniature spectrometers over all operational wavelengths which paves the way to on-chip absorption spectroscopy in this wavelength range.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ryckeboer
- Photonics Research Group, INTEC Department, Ghent University - IMEC, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41,9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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