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Twelker K, Kravitz S, Montero Díez M, Gratta G, Fairbank W, Albert JB, Auty DJ, Barbeau PS, Beck D, Benitez-Medina C, Breidenbach M, Brunner T, Cao GF, Chambers C, Cleveland B, Coon M, Craycraft A, Daniels T, Daugherty SJ, Davis CG, DeVoe R, Delaquis S, Didberidze T, Dilling J, Dolinski MJ, Dunford M, Fabris L, Farine J, Feldmeier W, Fierlinger P, Fudenberg D, Giroux G, Gornea R, Graham K, Hall C, Heffner M, Herrin S, Hughes M, Jiang XS, Johnson TN, Johnston S, Karelin A, Kaufman LJ, Killick R, Koffas T, Krücken R, Kuchenkov A, Kumar KS, Leonard DS, Leonard F, Licciardi C, Lin YH, MacLellan R, Marino MG, Mong B, Moore D, Odian A, Ostrovskiy I, Ouellet C, Piepke A, Pocar A, Retiere F, Rowson PC, Rozo MP, Schubert A, Sinclair D, Smith E, Stekhanov V, Tarka M, Tolba T, Tosi D, Vuilleumier JL, Walton J, Walton T, Weber M, Wen LJ, Wichoski U, Yang L, Yen YR, Zhao YB. An apparatus to manipulate and identify individual Ba ions from bulk liquid Xe. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:095114. [PMID: 25273779 DOI: 10.1063/1.4895646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe a system to transport and identify barium ions produced in liquid xenon, as part of R&D towards the second phase of a double beta decay experiment, nEXO. The goal is to identify the Ba ion resulting from an extremely rare nuclear decay of the isotope (136)Xe, hence providing a confirmation of the occurrence of the decay. This is achieved through Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (RIS). In the test setup described here, Ba ions can be produced in liquid xenon or vacuum and collected on a clean substrate. This substrate is then removed to an analysis chamber under vacuum, where laser-induced thermal desorption and RIS are used with time-of-flight mass spectroscopy for positive identification of the barium decay product.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Twelker
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Kravitz
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Montero Díez
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Gratta
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - W Fairbank
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - J B Albert
- Physics Department and CEEM, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - D J Auty
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - P S Barbeau
- Department of Physics, Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Beck
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - C Benitez-Medina
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - M Breidenbach
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Brunner
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G F Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - C Chambers
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - B Cleveland
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - M Coon
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - A Craycraft
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - T Daniels
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - S J Daugherty
- Physics Department and CEEM, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - C G Davis
- Physics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R DeVoe
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Delaquis
- LHEP, Albert Einstein Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Didberidze
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - J Dilling
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M J Dolinski
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Dunford
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - L Fabris
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Farine
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - W Feldmeier
- Physik Department and Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universitat Munchen, Garching, Germany
| | - P Fierlinger
- Physik Department and Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universitat Munchen, Garching, Germany
| | - D Fudenberg
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G Giroux
- LHEP, Albert Einstein Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Gornea
- LHEP, Albert Einstein Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Graham
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - C Hall
- Physics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Heffner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Herrin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Hughes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - X S Jiang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - T N Johnson
- Physics Department and CEEM, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - S Johnston
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - A Karelin
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - L J Kaufman
- Physics Department and CEEM, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Killick
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - T Koffas
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - R Krücken
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - A Kuchenkov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - K S Kumar
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - D S Leonard
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - F Leonard
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - C Licciardi
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Y H Lin
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - R MacLellan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M G Marino
- Physik Department and Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universitat Munchen, Garching, Germany
| | - B Mong
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - D Moore
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Odian
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - I Ostrovskiy
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C Ouellet
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - A Piepke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - A Pocar
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - F Retiere
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - P C Rowson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M P Rozo
- Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - A Schubert
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - D Sinclair
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - E Smith
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - V Stekhanov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Tarka
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - T Tolba
- LHEP, Albert Einstein Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Tosi
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J-L Vuilleumier
- LHEP, Albert Einstein Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Walton
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - T Walton
- Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - M Weber
- Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - L J Wen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
| | - U Wichoski
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - L Yang
- Physics Department, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Y-R Yen
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Y B Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
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