Radiographic Nondestructive Testing Simulations Using gate Software Toolkit

A workspace is created within the geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (gate) software toolkit for radiographic nondestructive testing (NDT) simulations. The workspace contains models for X-ray and gamma ray emissions, test sample geometries, radiation interaction with the test sample, and image receptors to afford a radiographic NDT setup. The setup is then evaluated by simulating radiographic testing (RT) of stainless-steel step-wedges and a carbon steel flawed welded plate. The results are validated by comparing a simulated step-wedge image to an experimental radiograph. The workspace can be advantageous to the industrial radiography specialists who are unfamiliar with medical imaging software. Running the simulation does not require working knowledge of gate; the open-source software toolkit.

Primary wound closure of diabetic foot ulcers by debridement and stitching

OBJECTIVE

The role of stitching in healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) has little attention, with few reports published on the technique. This study aimed to report on the role of stitching in healing of neuropathic DFUs.

METHOD

This comparative study was between patients with diabetes with neuropathic foot ulcers who had undergone wound stitching and those on conventional wound care. The study was carried in Jabir Abu Eliz Diabetic Center Khartoum (JADC) during between January 1 2011 and January 1 2013. All patients presented with neuropathic diabetic septic foot on the plantar aspect or extending up the leg were included. Initial surgical sharp debridement under intravenous broad spectrum antibiotics was performed and oral antibiotics were given 3 days later after the results of the bacterial culture were received. Regular wound debridement was performed with the aim of pairing the wound edges for stitching. Primary closure was performed when the wound was clean from any necrotic tissues and partial closure when the wound was still oozy to secure drainage and avoid splaying of the wound edges. All patients were using either crutches or wheel chair initially until any sepsis cleared and then proper off-loading by shoes purpose made in our centre.

RESULTS

A 160 patients with neuropathic DFUs that needed debridement and frequent dressing changes as outpatients were included. Both groups had the same tap water wound dressing either daily, every other day or every two days according to the wound progress. Absorbent dressings and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) were unavailable. Half of the patients (n=80) had debridement, frequent dressing change using tap water throughout the period of study (group 1) while the rest (n=80) in addition to wound debridement underwent stitching of their wounds (group 2). Complete healing was achieved in 46 patients in Group 1 (57.5%) compared with 19 patients (23%) in group 2 (p=0.001). The average number of dressings used was 19 in stitch group compared with 30 in the non-stitch group (p=0.000). The average duration of healing in stitch group was 2.9 months compared with 5.7 months in non-stitch group (p=0.000).

CONCLUSION

Stitching of neuropathic DFUs reduced the duration of wound healing and the frequency of wound dressing change.

Urinary iodine and other iodine deficiency indicators in a sample of school-age children in Egypt

Sufficient data relating urinary iodine excretion in children to other iodine deficiency indicators are lacking in Egypt. We assayed urinary iodine concentration and serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin, free triiodothyronine (T3) and free tetraiodothyronine in 99 school-aged Egyptian children. Goitre was found in 25 children. Median urinary iodine concentration was 70 microg/L. We found mild iodine deficiency (50-99 microg/L) in 60.6 % of the children and moderate to severe deficiency (< 50 microg/L) in 31.3%. The latter showed a high frequency of goitre and elevated mean serum free T3, TSH and thyroglobulin levels. Individual urinary iodine excretion rates vary, therefore these other indicators could help in screening for iodine deficiency at an individual level, especially in moderate to severe deficiency.

Urinary iodine and other iodine deficiency indicators in a sample of school-age children in Egypt

Sufficient data relating urinary iodine excretion in children to other iodine deficiency indicators are lacking in Egypt. We assayed urinary iodine concentration and serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH], thyroglobulin, free triiodothyronine [T3] and free tetraiodothyronine in 99 school-aged Egyptian children. Goitre was found in 25 children. Median urinary iodine concentration was 70 micro g/L. We found mild iodine deficiency [50-99 micro g/L] in 60.6% of the children and moderate to severe deficiency [< 50 micro g/L] in 31.3%. The latter showed a high frequency of goitre and elevated mean serum free T3, TSH and thyroglobulin levels. Individual urinary iodine excretion rates vary, therefore these other indicators could help in screening for iodine deficiency at an individual level, especially in moderate to severe deficiency

Prophylactic transcervical amnioinfusion in laboring women with oligohydramnios

OBJECTIVES

Evaluation of prophylactic intrapartum amnioinfusion in women with oligohydramnios.

METHODS

Assiut University Hospital during the period from February 2000 to September 2001, 160 laboring women with oligohydramnios [amniotic fluid index (AFI) </=5 cm] were randomized into: amnioinfusion and control groups. Inclusion criteria were: term singleton gestation, vertex presentation, cervical dilatation <4 cm, and assuring fetal heart rate (FHR). Trans-cervical amnioinfusion was done with warmed normal saline.

RESULTS

there was a significant increase in AFI after amnioinfusion (P<0.001). The amnioinfusion group showed lower cesarean section rate for fetal distress (P=0.003), lower incidence of abnormal FHR (P=0.006), fewer neonates with Apgar score <7 at 1 min (P<0.001), and 5 min (P=0.009), meconium below vocal cords (P<0.001), umbilical arterial pH<7.1 (P=0.003), and significantly shorter hospital stay (P=0.02).

CONCLUSION

Prophylactic trans-cervical amnioinfusion is a simple, safe and effective procedure.

Peritoneal dialysis using bicarbonate-containing solution sterilized by ultrafiltration

We performed acute peritoneal dialysis on eight end-stage renal disease patients using a bicarbonate-containing solution sterilized by ultrafiltration through polyamide filters. The patients tolerated the procedure well; their azotemia and metabolic acidosis improved.